Abstract: Curtain coating processes arc well known wherein a composition is coated on to a moving support. However, the maximum coating speeds in such processes are severely limited at high curtain flow rates by the formation of a region metastable to air-entrainment. Described herein is a method which enhances the maximum coating speed at high flow tales by the application of small levels of voltages, typically below 400 V, to the moving support. Progressive suppression of the metastable region is obtained as the, voltage level is increased. All levels of voltage up to 400 V give a degree of removal of the metastable region, and therefore will enhance the maximum practical coating speed. Lower levels of voltage may also be used in conjunction with forward application angles to selectively enhance the maximum practical coating speed for a given laydown.

Abstract: A nitrogen-containing compound of the following general formula (1) is kneaded into a resin molding material, the kneaded mixture is molded and the surface of the resulting article is subjected to corona discharge treatment. Further, a coating material having electrostatic charges is sprayed and deposited on the article after the corona discharge treatment. This can provide a shaped resin article with remarkably improved electrical conductivity from a less electrically conductive resin, without substantially deteriorating the physical properties and the color of the article. Further, electrostatic coating excellent in coating efficiency, surface appearance, productivity or the like is possible. ##STR1## where R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or alkenyl group of 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents --H or --CH.sub.3, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or ##STR2## and n is 1 to 5.

Abstract: A method for treatment of products in gas-discharge plasma consists in that a two-step vacuum-arc discharge is initiated between an anode (3) and an integrally cold cathode (2), featuring a metal-gaseous step of plasma and a gaseous step of plasma. The gaseous step of plasma is established by ionizing the working gas with electrons separated from the metal-gaseous step of plasma. Then a product (5) under treatment is preheated to working temperature and held in a preset temperature range. To this end, provision is made in the device for a means (13) for electron separation from the metal-gaseous step of plasma, which means is situated in the zone of the integrally cold cathode (2) and is impermeable to the metal ions generated by the cathode (2). In a particular case the means (13) is made as a set of V-shaped plates (14).

Abstract: Process for the production of decorative glass ceramic articles, the design being sunk entirely or partially into the surface of the glass ceramic, wherein the surface, to be decorated, of the not-yet ceramed base glass is connected as the anode of the region of its glass transition temperature Tg up to Tg+100.degree. C. and a current is allowed to flow evoking an alteration of the surface of the base glass, and wherein the current is permitted to flow until the surface has been altered to a desired depth.

Abstract: A multi-electron source has a plurality of electron emitting portions arranged on a substrate. Each electron emitting portion comprises a conductive film containing a crack with an average width of 0.05 .mu.m to 1 .mu.m. The electron emitting portions are prepared by subjecting conductive films, preferably of fine particles, to a pulse voltage application treatment.

Abstract: A process for forming a hard surface coating on titanium alloys includes providing a piece of material containing titanium having at least a portion of one surface to be hardened. The piece having a portion of a surface to be hardened is contacted on the backside by a suitable heat sink such that the melting depth of said surface to be hardened may be controlled. A hardening material is then deposited as a slurry. Alternate methods of deposition include flame, arc, or plasma spraying, electrodeposition, vapor deposition, or any other deposition method known by those skilled in the art. The surface to be hardened is then selectively melted to the desired depth, dependent on the desired coating thickness, such that a molten pool is formed of the piece surface and the deposited hardening material. Upon cooling a hardened surface is formed.

Abstract: An arc source macroparticle filter (1) includes a circular cathode (2) for emitting particles and an extended cylindrical anode (3) adjacent to and co-axial with the cathode for accelerating the emitted particles. Toroids (4) generate a magnetic field to define a continuous non-linear plasma duct (5) for directing charged particles and separating therefrom undesirable larger particles. The duct is minimally non-linear to permit high rates of charged particle transmission. Arc source filter (1) allows heating and/or the deposition of a variety of surface coatings to a workpiece (8).

Abstract: A method for the surface treatment of a metal workpiece which involves the generation between a major exposed portion of an anode and successive restricted areas of a first surface of the workpiece serving as a cathode, a vacuum arc discharge having an arc current which is not substantially less than 50 amp. and having a positive voltage-current gradient.

Abstract: A discharge element comprises a linear electrode and a sheet electrode both of which are provided opposite to each other with an insulator sheet therebetween, in which the linear electrode is formed by plasma spray coating a high-meting point semiconductor so as not to be worn when a high-frequency high voltage is applied between both electrodes.

Abstract: A continuous dry coating method and an apparatus therefor which are capable of removing cut chips and burrs from and smoothing inner walls of small-diameter holes in a substrate material and, then, successively performing a cold coating on these small holes in a short period of time. The continuous dry process coating method comprises the steps of: arranging electrodes on opposite sides of a substrate material; performing a plasma discharge to surface-treat small holes made in the substrate material; and then performing an electron cyclotron resonance plasma (ECR plasma) coating on the surfaces of these holes.

Abstract: A method of thermally spraying a solid lubricant (i.e. graphite or BN) impregnated metal matrix onto a metal target, using the steps of: (a) creating a flame or arc into which a consummable strand is fed, the strand being constituted as a hollow sheath of metal and a core therein comprising essentially solid lubricant powder particles, the flame or arc melting the metal of such strand; (b) applying a pressurized jet of atomizing gas to the melt and included graphite particles to project a spray of molten heavy metal and graphite particles generally homogeneously distributed throughout such spray, said graphite being protected against ablation during transit from the flame or arc to the target; and (c) surface heat treating essentially only the deposit to precipitate additional graphite while densifying the metal and controlling microstructure.

Abstract: Process for applying a coating of ceramic material on a substrate by plasma spraying. The material to be sprayed, which is incorporated in the plasma jet, includes a chemical compound one constituent of which is a non-metallic element from the group N, C, B or from main groups VI or VII of the periodic classification, which decomposes, at least partially, in an inert environment before reaching the melting point and which is present in the solid phase in the applied state. To improve the process so that the chemical compound contained in the material can be applied to the substrate stoichiometrically, i.e., undecomposed, and form an impermeable, adherent, stable coating, the non-metallic element is incorporated in the plasma jet, in addition to the material to be sprayed, in a free form, not bound to a foreign element.

Abstract: A method for forming a sheet material permeable to gas and not permeable to water includes forming the sheet material by hot pressing two materials together, and discharging static electricity to the sheet material in order to form a number of apertures in the sheet material. The apertures have a size smaller than that of water particles and larger than that of gas particles such that the sheet material is permeable to gas and not permeable to water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a threshold switching device which exhibits negative differential resistance and to the devices formed thereby. The method comprises depositing a silicon dioxide film derived from hydrogen silsesquioxane resin between at least two electrodes and then applying a voltage above a threshold voltage across the electrodes.

Abstract: A photographic material which exhibits excellent dynamic properties and little curl is provided. The silver halide photographic material comprises at least one light-sensitive layer on a polyester support, wherein the polyester support is a polyester support having a glass transition temperature of 90.degree. C. to 200 .degree. C. and is subject to glow discharge treatment. The polyester support is preferably subjected to post heat treatment at a temperature ranging from 50 .degree. C. to lower than the glass transition temperature of said polyester support after the glow discharge treatment.

Abstract: A method for improving the internal surface of a gas-barrier, when required heat-shrinkable, multi-layer plastics film laminate in the form of a seamless tube having the innermost layer of olefin resin, the method including applying corona discharge employing at least two pairs of electrodes to the innermost layer from the outside of the tube having a gas sealed therein and pressed to a flat state avoiding the contact of opposed surface areas of innermost olefin resin layer with each other, the two pairs of electrodes being arranged such that one electrode of each pair is in contact with the outermost layer of the tube and the other of the same pair out of contact therewith while one electrode of one pair is kept in contact with the outermost layer of the tube with which one electrode of another pair is kept out of contact on the same side of the tube, so that the wetting tension of the innermost layer surface is increased to at least 35 dyne/cm by the corona discharge treatment.

Abstract: A cathodic arc deposition system includes a cathode made of a film forming material, a shield surrounding a circumferential side of the cathode with a gap, a vacuum chamber having the cathode and the shield therein, and a substrate to have deposited at a surface thereof an ionized film forming material by generating an arc discharge between the cathode and the anode. Either the cathode or the shield is adjusted in height so as to keep the upper edge of the shield at substantially the same vertical level as the upper edge of the cathode.

Abstract: A method for forming an abradable composite material and the material so formed. A filler is fed axially into a stream of high-temperature combustion gases such that the filler is entrained in the gaseous stream. The gaseous stream containing the filler is then used to atomize the molten tip of a metal wire which is continuously fed into the gaseous stream. The resultant gaseous stream which contains both the filler and the atomized molten metal is directed to the surface of a target. The filler and the molten metal impact the target and combine to form a substantially continuous metal matrix in which the interstices are filled by the filler. The composite material abrades readily upon frictional contact with a moving part.

Abstract: In forming a weld bead of pure copper on a ferroalloy base material by laying a powder of copper and melting the powder by a high density energy source such as laser beams, TIG arc or electron beams, the powder of copper is beforehand mixed with a powder of an auxiliary metal having a higher melting point than pure copper. In order to ensure the substantial purity in copper of the weld bead, the powder mixture should not include more than 16 wt % nickel.

Abstract: A microtiter plate containing a plurality of reaction wells for conducting immunogenic reactions the bottom wall of the reaction well has an inner surface which is substantially hydrophilic, and the side wall of the reaction well has an inner surface which is substantially hydrophobic and a process for producing said trays.

Abstract: A method of the thermally spraying a solid lubricant (i.e. graphite or BN) impregnated metal matrix onto a metal target, using the steps of: (a) creating a flame or arc into which a consummable strand is fed, the strand being constituted as a hollow sheath of metal and a core therein comprising essentially solid lubricant powder particles, the flame or arc melting the metal of such strand; (b) applying a pressurized jet of atomizing gas to the melt and included graphite particles to project a spray of molten heavy metal and graphite particles generally homogeneously distributed throughout such spray, said graphite being protected against ablation during transit from the flame or arc to the target; and (c) surface heat treating essentially only the deposit to precipitate additional graphite while densifying the metal and controlling microstructure.