Abstract: A liquid crystal sealant comprising an epoxy resin represented by the following formula (1): [Formula 1] (in the formula, n denotes an average polymerization degree and is a positive number of 0–5) as a resin component, a curing agent, a curing accelerator and an inorganic filler is excellent in screen printability as a liquid crystal sealant in making a liquid crystal display device and can provide excellent reliability in moisture resistance for the liquid crystal display device obtained).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display comprising at least one substrate having at least one electrically modulated imaging layer thereon, at least one patterned electrically conductive layer, and at least one antistatic layer.

Abstract: Provided is an anisotropic conductive adhesive for a fine pitch having a conductive adhesive layer and a nonconductive adhesive layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of the conductive adhesive layer. The anisotropic conductive adhesive for a fine pitch can be used to adhere an integrated circuit, on which a plurality of bumps each having a second height are formed, to a substrate, on which a plurality of electrodes each having a first height are formed keeping predetermined distances from each other, so that the integrated circuit is electrically connected to the electrodes. The anisotropic conductive adhesive includes a nonconductive first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer. The nonconductive first adhesive layer includes a thermosetting resin and a hardener for hardening the thermosetting resin and has a first thickness of ½– 3/2 of the second height.

Abstract: A plastic film screen protector that prevents interference patterns from arising when the film touches the screen is described. The advantages are accomplished by the film having a slightly roughened surface so that the majority of the film facing an electronic device screen does not substantially touch the screen. These physical aberrations prevent Newton ring interference patterns and spots caused by refractive index differences between air and the film material.

Abstract: A film having a high transmittance and matt property is disclosed which has, on a transparent support 1, a hard coat layer 2 incorporated therein particles 4 of a particle size of 1.0 to 10 ?m that is larger than the layer thickness thereof, and a low-refractive-index layer 3 having a refractive index of 1.45 or less and covering said hard coat layer, wherein a haze value is 1.0% or more, and a total transmittance of light is 93.5% or more. The film having a high transmittance can prevent occurrence of unevenness of display due to thermal expansion of a light-tuning film and occurrence of unevenness of brightness peculiar to the light-tuning film.

Abstract: A polyester film which is excellent in uniform light diffusibility, heat-resistant dimensional stability and luminance and suitable as a substrate of a light-diffusing plate of a liquid crystal display device. The film comprises a polyester containing polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate as a main component and has a heat shrinkage in two directions perpendicular to each other in the surface of the film of not higher than 0.3% when heat-treated at 105° C. for 30 minutes, a dimensional change rate in two directions perpendicular to each other in the surface of the film under a stress of 0.37 MPa within a temperature range of 30 to 150° C. of not higher than 1.0%, a density of not lower than 1.350 g/cm3, a total light transmittance of not lower than 87%, a haze value of lower than 1.5% and a thickness of 50 to 150 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminated glazing which has first and second substrates with peripheral edges, an active system disposed between the substrates, and at least two peripheral seals that run contiguously from the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) is formed on an insulating substrate, and a photosensitive resin film as an interlayer insulating film is formed so as to cover the TFT. Contact holes are formed in the photosensitive resin, and smooth concave and convex portions are provided on an upper surface of the resin. A film including molybdenum nitride (MoN) and a reflective pixel electrode film are successively laminated on the photosensitive resin. The nitrogen content in the MoN film may be between 5 atomic % and 30 atomic % inclusive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a gelling agent composed of an isoleucine derivative having a carbazolyl group, and a process for preparing a gelling agent, which comprises reacting an isoleucine derivative having a specific skeletal with a compound having a carbazolyl group in the presence of dichloromethane and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride to obtain an isoleucine derivative having a carbazolyl group.

Abstract: A laminate material for lighter-than-air vehicles includes a liquid crystal polymer fiber layer, a polyimide layer secured to the liquid crystal polymer fiber layer; and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer secured to the polyimide layer. The layers are secured to one another with a polyurethane adhesive. Adjacent laminates may be secured to one another by a PVDF cover tape on the exterior surfaces and a structural tape on the interior surfaces. The structural tape includes a liquid crystal polymer fiber layer and a polyimide layer to ensure the integrity of the vehicle. An alternative material may include a liquid crystal polymer fiber layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal polymer fiber layer.

Abstract: A film suitable for use as a light-modulating unit of a suspended particle device light valve, comprising a plurality of particles dispersed in a liquid suspending medium, distributed within an optionally crosslinked matrix polymer. The suspending medium is substantially immiscible with the matrix polymer, has a boiling point greater than about 100° C., has an electrical resistivity of at least about 0.8×106 ohms per square, and has an in endex of refraction at 25° C. which differs from that of the matrix polymer by no more than about 0.002.

Abstract: The invention relates to low solution viscosity cellulose triacetate and methods of making thereof. The invention also relates to films prepared from the low solution viscosity cellulose triacetate and articles containing the low solution viscosity cellulose triacetate.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline gel composition including a liquid crystalline compound, and a gelling agent having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having at least one carbon atom, X represents a divalent organic group having at least one carbon atom, Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon atom, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having at least one carbon atom, and n is an integer of at least 1. A display medium including a pair of substrates each having an electrode thereon, and a layer of the above liquid crystalline gel composition interposed between the pair of substrates.

Abstract: A film suitable for use as a light-modulating unit of a suspended particle device (SPD) light valve. The film comprises a siloxane matrix polymer which has a refractive index>1.4630 and has droplets of a liquid light valve suspension distributed within the matrix. The liquid light valve suspension preferably comprises a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate and/or fluorinated (meth)acrylate suspending polymer and optionally may comprise one or more non-polymeric liquids.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical retardation film comprising two layers of an anisotropic polymer adjacent to each other or adjacent to both sides of a substrate, characterized in that each layer exhibits a tilted structure with an optical symmetry axis having a tilt angle ? relative to the plane of the layer, to a means to produce substantially linear polarized light comprising such an optical retardation film and to a liquid crystal display comprising such an optical retardation film.

Abstract: An antireflection film is formed of an organic film, and a hard-coating layer, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer laminated in this order on the organic film. The high refractive index layer is formed of metal oxide particles of ITO with electrical conductivity and TiO2 with high refractive index, and synthetic resin. A volume percentage of the TiO2 particles to a total volume of the TiO2 and ITO particles in the high refractive index layer is 1 to 60%, and a volume percentage of the metal oxide particles to a total volume of the metal oxide particles and the synthetic resin is 20% or more.

Abstract: A method to reduce undesirable outgassing includes bonding at least two optical components with a bonding material and encapsulating the bonding material with a capping material. The capping material inhibits the outgassing of species that would otherwise be emitted from the bonding material to the surrounding. In one example, the bonding material is silicone and the capping material is epoxy.

Abstract: An antireflection film is formed of an organic film, a hard hard coating layer on the organic film, a first layer coated on the hard coating layer, and a second layer having an index of refraction lower than that of the first layer and coated on the first layer. The first layer is formed of a synthetic resin having pores therein and metallic oxide particles contained in the synthetic resin. The metallic oxide is at least on selected from the group consisting of ZrO1, TiO2, NbO, ITO, ATO, SbO2, In2O3, SnO2 and ZnO. The synthetic resin is ultraviolet ray curable resin or electron beam curable resin. The second layer partly enters the pores of the first layer to firmly bond to the first layer through the pores.

Abstract: Ultraviolet light absorbing polymer film, coating, or molded article UV filter elements are described which comprise a polymer phase having molecularly dispersed therein a) a first ultraviolet absorbing dibenzoylmethane compound of formula (I) where R1 through R5 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, or hydroyxl, or further substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, acyloxy, ester, carboxyl, alkyl thio, aryl thio, alkyl amine, aryl amine, alkyl nitrile, aryl nitrile, arylsulfonyl, or 5-6 member heterocylce ring groups, and b) a second ultraviolet light absorbing compound which absorbs ultraviolet light at a wavelength for which the first compound is deficient at absorbing. In particular embodiments, the second ultraviolet light absorbing compound may comprise a hydroxyphenyl-s-triazine, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, formamidine, benzoxazinone, or benzophenone compound.

Abstract: An edge-sealed barrier film composite. The composite includes a substrate and at least one initial barrier stack adjacent to the substrate. The at least one initial barrier stack includes at least one decoupling layer and at least one barrier layer. One of the barrier layers has an area greater than the area of one of the decoupling layers. The decoupling layer is sealed by the first barrier layer within the area of barrier material. An edge-sealed, encapsulated environmentally sensitive device is provided. A method of making the edge-sealed barrier film composite is also provided.

Abstract: Two surfaces are adhesively bonded together by providing on one of the surfaces a central, single point adhesive contact deposit and providing on one of the surfaces, adhesive extending from a central point deposit in a spoke-like array diagonally across substantially the entire surface. Also provided is the article obtained by the above method as well as the assembly used for bonding the two surfaces together. The surfaces are brought together, one on top of the other, with the adhesive located between the surfaces to cause the adhesive to spread out and cover the surfaces to thereby bond them together.

Abstract: An optical thin film stack for a dark aperture is deposited using thermal ion-assisted deposition (“IAD”). The IAD provides an energetic deposition of chromium and chromium oxide that results in a dark mirror optical thin film stack with superior etch properties. Edge definition is improved, and the edge profile is controllable by the selection of IAD parameters. An in situ IAD cleaning process can be used to clean the substrate sufficiently so that an intermediate adhesion layer of chromium is not required.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods for improving the physicomechanical and electro-optical properties of an electrophoretic or liquid crystal display and also to semi-finished or finished display panels with improved physicomechanical properties.

Abstract: Provided is an anisotropic conductive paste in which an aqueous solution obtained by admixing the anisotropic conductive paste with purified water has an ionic conductivity of 1 mS/m or less; the B stage-reduced composition has a viscosity of 50 to 10000 Pa.s at 80 to 100° C.; and the cured matter of the anisotropic conductive paste has a linear expansion coefficient of 10×10−5 mm/mm/° C. or less at 0 to 100° C., a heat deformation temperature Tg of 100° C. or higher, a water absorption coefficient of 2 mass % or less and a specific resistance of 1×109&OHgr;.cm or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of temporarily and firmly fixing two solids to each other and to a composition used in the method, which is a method of temporarily fixing, comprising temporarily fixing the two solids to each other with a liquid crystal compound or a composition comprising the liquid crystal compound. This method is used for a method of temporarily fixing a pad for chemical mechanical polishing, for example, to polish a wafer for a semiconductor device fixed on a surface of a base plate, when one solid is a pad for chemical mechanical polishing of a wafer for a semiconductor device and the other is a base plate to fix the pad.

Abstract: A glass crack prevention laminate has a glass crack prevention adhesive layer having a dynamic storage elastic modulus G′ of not larger than 1×107 Pa at 20° C., and a liquid crystal display optical film laminated on a surface of the glass crack prevention adhesive layer. Particularly, the liquid crystal display optical film is made of a polarizing plate or of a laminate of a polarizing plate and another optical layer. The thickness of the glass crack prevention adhesive layer is selected to be in a range of from 0.1 mm to 5 mm. The glass crack prevention adhesive layer has removability. The adhesive agent-including optical film having the configuration can be directly mounted on a liquid crystal panel so that the glass crack prevention adhesive layer is provided on an inner side. Thus, a liquid crystal display device can be provided.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display unit without occurrence of abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules and deterioration of the image quality and a method for manufacturing the same. Above and below a TFT, light shielding films are disposed and further the ruggedness generated by stacking a plurality of light shielding films is smoothed using a transparent resin not absorbing light with a wavelength of not smaller than 300 nm. As this transparent resin, acrylic resins are used. As a result, according to the present invention, no abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules occurs and a problem of reverse twist, reverse tilt or the like is less probable to take place. Since the smoothening film absorbs no light of not smaller than 300 nm, neither denaturalization nor coloration nor bubbles occur in the smoothening film even under irradiating environments of intense light of a projector or the like.

Abstract: An index-matching coating is applied directly to a low-emissivity (“lowE”) thin-film coating. Nodules growing from a site in the lowE coating are removed to avoid propagation of defects through the layers of the index-matching coating. A tempering step in an oxygen-containing atmosphere produces compressive stress in the lowE coating and hardens the coating. The compressive stress facilitates removal of the nodules and the hardening allows mechanical cleaning of the lowE coating prior to the index-matching coating, further removing nodules. Magnesium-fluoride is used as the final layer of the index-matching coating in one embodiment to improve abrasion resistance. The resulting glass panel may be used as a display panel in a plasma display or an organic light-emitting diode display, for example.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas barrier film having an inorganic coating layer formed by the sol-gel method or an organic-inorganic hybrid coating layer formed by the sol-gel method on a transparent base film having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher and a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 40 ppm/° C. or lower. There is provided a transparent plastic film showing superior heat resistance and gas barrier property.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition by which the state of molecular orientation of a liquid crystalline compound can be stably maintained even when no electric field is caused to effect on, and moreover the state of molecular orientation of the liquid crystalline compound can be changed, and a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal displaying method by which a displayed state can be stably retained even after the action of an electric field is ceased, and moreover the displayed state can be dissolved with ease. The liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystalline compound and a liquid crystal orientation state-regulating agent for regulating the orientated state of the liquid crystalline compound by gelling, wherein a phase transition temperature between an isotropic liquid phase and a liquid crystal phase in the liquid crystalline compound is higher than a gelling temperature by the liquid crystal orientation state-regulating agent.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display unit without occurrence of abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules and deterioration of the image quality and a method for manufacturing the same. Above and below a TFT, light shielding films are disposed and further the ruggedness generated by stacking a plurality of light shielding films is smoothed using a transparent resin not absorbing light with a wavelength of not smaller than 300 nm. As this transparent resin, acrylic resins are used. As a result, according to the present invention, no abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules occurs and a problem of reverse twist, reverse tilt or the like is less probable to take place. Since the smoothening film absorbs no light of not smaller than 300 nm, neither denaturalization nor coloration nor bubbles occur in the smoothening film even under irradiating environments of intense light of a projector or the like.

Abstract: A film welding apparatus is provided for solvent welding a first film to a second film. The apparatus has a movable backing surface adapted to support the first film, a pressing roller adapted to press the second film against the first film, and a solvent dispenser adapted to dispense a solvent between the first and second films.

Abstract: A photo-curable resin composition for sealing material, which is superior in the photo-curing performance and in the prompt curing property and is better in the adhesive property, in the resistance to moisture permeation and in the heat resistance, the photo-curable resin composition comprising (A) a compound having oxetane ring, (B) a photoinitiator for cationic polymerization and (C) a silane coupling agent, wherein the composition has a viscosity in the range from 0.01 to 300 Pa.s at 25° C.

Abstract: A functional film includes a transition layer having a first constituent having SiO as a dielectric material and at least one second constituent selected from aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), tungsten (W) and tantalum (Ta). The first and second constituents have corresponding gradual content gradients according to a thickness of the functional film.

Abstract: An n-type dopant of at least one of elements of Group III such as Ga and the like and a p-type dopant of at least one of elements of Group V such as N and the like are doped to a ZnO crystalline layer as dopants, and the n-type dopant is more than the p-type dopant and doped into the ZnO layer in an impurity concentration of 1×1018 cm−3 or more. Therefore, it is possible to lower the resistivity of the ZnO layer with a degree of the transparency high and to obtain the transparent conductive film of zinc oxide having the electrical resistivity lower than ITO.

Abstract: An inexpensive touch panel securing a predetermined active area and yet being downsized is provided. The touch panel includes an upper substrate having an upper conductive layer beneath its lower face, and a lower substrate having a lower conductive layer on its upper face opposite to the upper conductive layer at a given interval. Pressing and heating a adhesive layer made from thermoplastic resin and hardener allows bonding the upper and lower substrates together. The touch panel is thus constructed.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has, between a pair of transparent substrates with electrodes thereon, a nematic liquid crystal composition which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature. The liquid crystal composition contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture containing a liquid crystalline difluorostilbene compound, and a chiral agent. The concentration of the liquid crystalline difluorostilbene compound in the liquid crystal composition is preferably in a range from 5 wt % to 60 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cholesteric layered materials having the layer sequence A1/B/A2, where A1 and A2 are identical or different and each comprise at least one cholesteric layer, and B is at least one interlayer separating the layers A1 and A2 from one another, wherein layer B is an adhesive layer; cholesteric multilayered pigments which can be produced therefrom; a process for their production, and their use.

Abstract: Polymerizable tolanes of formula I wherein P, Sp, X, n, A1, A2, Z1, Z2, m1, m2, L1, L2, r and R have the meanings defined herein, polymerizable liquid crystal compositions comprising at least one compound of formula I, linear or crosslinked liquid crystal polymers obtainable from these compounds and compositions, are suitable for use in optical elements such as polarizers, retardation and compensation films, alignment layers, color filters or holographic elements. They are also suitable for use in liquid crystal displays such as PDLC, polymer gel or polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) displays, as well as for use in adhesives, synthetic resins with anisotropic mechanical properties, cosmetics, diagnostics or liquid crystal pigments, for decorative and security applications, and for nonlinear optics or optical information storage.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, X, Y1 and Y2 have the meanings defined herein, as well as to liquid crystalline mixtures comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I.

Abstract: An optical compensatory sheet comprises a transparent substrate and an optically anisotropic layer. The optically anisotropic layer comprises discotic liquid crystal molecules. The discotic liquid crystal molecules are oriented in essentially mono domain alignment at an average inclined angle in the range of 50° to 90°. A liquid crystal display of an STN mode having the optical compensatory sheet is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical laminate comprising, laminated in the order mentioned, a support substrate, adhesive layer, cholesteric liquid crystal layer and protection layer, characterized in that the cholesteric liquid crystal layer has in at least part thereof an area indicating a diffraction power. The optical laminate is used for a polarization diffraction element, liquid crystal display device compensation element, decorative member, and forgery prevention element.

Abstract: Provided is a light scattering resin layer providing scattering of a transmitted light by dispersion of an inorganic fine particle in a transparent resin, wherein said fine particle is a polyhedral particle having substantially no fractured surface, L/S ratio is 2.0 or less when the major axis length is represented by L and the minor axis length is represented by S, the number-average particle diameter of said fine particle is 0.1 &mgr;m or more and 20.0 &mgr;m or less, and the particle size distribution in terms of D90/D10 value is 7 or less when particle diameters at 10% cumulation and 90% cumulation from smaller particle side of cumulative particle size distribution are represented by D10 and D90, respectively. The light scattering layer has a good dispersibility of a fine particle in a transparent resin, improved forward scattering property, and excellent light transmittance and used for a color filter, a light scattering plate, a light scattering adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A film suitable for use as the light-modulating unit of an SPD light valve, the film comprising a cross-linked polymer matrix and having droplets of a liquid light valve suspension distributed in the cross-linked polymer matrix, the liquid light valve suspension comprising particles suspended in a liquid suspending medium, wherein the matrix and the droplets each have a refractive index within a range of from about 1.455 to 1.463 and wherein the refractive index of the droplet and the matrix components of the film are preferably matched as closely as possible within RI 0.005 of each other.

Abstract: There are provided a liquid crystal display device and a manufacturing method therefor both of which is arranged to eliminate display irregularity in the vicinity of the liquid crystal injecting port of a liquid crystal panel and provide good display in the entire display area. In the liquid crystal panel, a lower substrate having thin film transistors for switching for pixel selection on its inside surface and an upper substrate having color filters for plural colors on its inside surface are disposed in opposition to each other with a layer of a liquid crystal compound being interposed therebetween, and the lower substrate and the upper substrate are stuck to each other by a sealing material which is arranged to surround a display area of the upper substrate and has, in a portion, a cut which serves as a liquid crystal injecting port.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display cell spacer with improved in coloring effect and light shielding effect and optimal electrical, physical, chemical, and optical properties and a liquid crystal display cell with use thereof. A liquid crystal display cell spacer comprising surface-coated carbon black; a liquid crystal display cell spacer comprising a pigment component comprising carbon black and at least one set of organic pigments of dissimilar colors other than carbon black; and a liquid crystal display cell spacer comprising a pigment component comprising surface-coated carbon black and at least one set of organic pigments of dissimilar colors other than carbon black. A liquid crystal display cell with use any of above liquid crystal display cell spacers.

Abstract: The transparent haze-free reverse mode electrooptical solid film is made by mixing a liquid crystal and up to 60% by weight of an organic monomer to form a liquid crystal-organic monomer mixture and subsequently polymerizing the organic monomer by ultraviolet light thermal activation to form the electrooptical solid film. If the organic monomer is not a liquid crsytal, the mixture is a microemulsion and must by subjected to an applied filed during polymerization to orient the liquid crystal component. If the organic monomer is also a liquid crystal, the mixture is a homogeneous solution and no applied field is necessary during polymerization. The reverse mode electrooptical solid film is highly adhesive to glass or plastic supports.

Abstract: A sealing agent for film type liquid crystal displays including a bisphenol type epoxy resin, a non-bisphenol type epoxy resin and a crosslinking agent which includes at least one of an aromatic amine and an alicyclic amine, and a liquid crystal display using the sealing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell and at least one compensation film or a combination of polarizer and optical compensators comprising at least one compensation film, said compensation film comprising at least one layer of an isotropic polymer obtainable by polymerization of a mixture of a polymerizable mesogenic material comprising: a) compound having one or two more polymerizable functional group, in the presences b) an initiator, c) optionally a non-polymerizable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups and d) optionally a stabilizer, characterized in that said layer of an anisotropic polymer has a hometropic or tilted hometropic molecular orientation. The invention also relates to methods of manufacturing said compensation films. The invention further relates to mixtures of chiral polymerizable mesogenic material used for manufacturing of said compensation films.

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays in which the phase compensation layer comprises an amorphous optically anisotropic polymer, the optical anisotropy being written in, by irradiation with polarized light, in the pre-selected manner according to size and direction.