Abstract: A thin film formation method in accordance with the present invention forms banks (110) where affinity bank layers and non-affinity bank layers are alternately layered by repeating a step of forming an affinity bank layer (111-11n) with a material having affinity for a thin film material solution (130) (such inorganic material as SiO2) and a step of forming a non-affinity bank layer (121-12n) with a material having non-affinity for the thin film material solution (130) (such organic material as resist) one or more times. Finally the thin film material solution (130) is filled between banks by an ink jet method, heat treatment is executed, and a thin film layer (131-13n) is sequentially layered. By these steps, cost required for affinity control can be decreased and forming multi-layer thin films with uniform film thickness becomes possible.

Abstract: Composites comprising porous polymeric membrane films meeting the following equation: 75 MPa<(longitudinal membrane tensile modulus+transverse membrane tensile modulus)/2, wherein at least a portion of the porosity of the membrane is imbibed with resin and methods for making the same. The composites have unusually high resistance to fracture and catastrophic failure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fluid tank for carrying hazardous materials such as a automobile gasoline tank which is non flammable and flame resistant. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a fluid tank_having an outer layer of a polyolefin containing a non halogen char forming additive to prevent flammability.

Abstract: Composites comprising porous polymeric membrane films meeting the following equation: 75 MPa<(longitudinal membrane tensile modulus+transverse membrane tensile modulus)/2, wherein at least a portion of the porosity of the membrane is imbibed with resin and methods for making the same. The composites have unusually high resistance to fracture and catastrophic failure.

Abstract: An adhesive system that allows for a strong adhesion of a member to a surface, while also allowing for easy removal of the member after a prolonged period of attachment. The member may include a structural component or a film or appliqué that is applied for other purposes. The member is affixed to a substrate with an adhesive having a releasing agent or constituent. The releasing agent allows a substantially complete removal of the member and adhesive from the substrate. Also, the adhesive may be easily removed at a desired time in the future due to the application of a particular catalyst. Thus the releasing agent permits a substantially complete removal of both the member and the adhesive which bonds the member or component to the surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and compound fabric for latent heat effect which means a compound fabric capable of undergoing heat storage (release) material for microcapsules with waterborne polyurethane shell which use interfacial condensation polymerization by waterborne polyurethane thereof, such as alkyl alkyrate (alkyric acid alkyl ester) for temperature in the range of 0° C. to 80° C.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a pre-finished, moisture resistant and durable building material that is able to diffuse stress caused by variations in temperature and climate. One preferred embodiment of the building material includes a fiber cement substrate, at least one resin impregnated paper, and a stress-relieving elastomeric film between the fiber cement substrate and the resin impregnated paper, wherein the elastomeric film acts as a stress relaxer between the fiber cement substrate and the one resin impregnated paper.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a casting article comprised of a water-curable Plaster of Paris (PP) article having a first side and a second side and having a substrate and PP material and a polyisocyanate material being applied to at least one of the first and second sides of the water-curable PP to obtain a water-curable hybrid plaster-polyisocyanate (HPP) casting article.

Abstract: A visually decorative material having bulk decorative effects which may be used as a surface covering or for creating decorative objects, and the method of manufacturing same. The material is formed of a pigmented castable liquid vehicle having dispersed therein a quantity of discrete particles of higher specific gravity than the liquid vehicle. The material is formed by pouring the vehicle-particle composite onto a suitable backing. As the liquid flows onto the backing, the particles sink and disturb the uniformity of the pigment distribution. This causes the desired bulk decorative effects in the form of “comet-tails” and other dimensionally extended streaks and curves. Thereafter, a second casting is applied using a formulation which is at an earlier stage of curing. The backing may be removed after the castable liquids solidify or may be left in place to create a laminate. As a floor-covering, the material may be poured in place onto a suitable sub-flooring.

Abstract: Clean room wipe products, methods of preparing them, and methods of using them are described. The clean room wipes are intended for use in cleaning up alkaline contaminants in clean room environments. The wipes contain impregnated acidic solutions, e.g., solutions of organic acids and optionally solvents, which are intended to reduce or eliminate the possibility of spontaneous combustion of the contaminated wipes, that is, when the wipes are used to contain spills of alkaline products such as hydroxylamine-based products and other caustic based formulations.

Abstract: A composite comprises at least one layer which includes a composite comprising (a) from 1 to 99% by weight of a solid (I) with a primary particle size of from 5 nm to 100 &mgr;m or a mixture made from at least two solids, (b) from 99 to 1% by weight of a polymeric binder (II) which includes: (IIa) from 1 to 100% by weight of a polymer or copolymer (IIa) which has, along the chain, terminally and/or laterally, reactive groups (RG) which are capable of crosslinking reactions when exposed to heat and/or UV radiation, and (IIb) from 0 to 99% by weight of at least one polymer or copolymer (IIb) which is free from reactive groups RG, where the at least one layer has been applied to at least one second layer comprising at least one conventional separator.

Abstract: Invention-wise three-dimensional net made by warp knitting has high shape retainability in three-dimensional cords defining three-dimensional mesh spaces, capability of suppressing direction dependency, superiority in structural stability and pressure resistance, capability of retaining a suitable degree of elasticity and formation of three-dimensional cords simply by imparting tension, high void content, and lightweight, which are suitable for various applications.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition giving a cured resin plate which, after 60 hour standing at 150° C. and at the saturated vapor pressure, has a water absorption of 3.5% by weight or lower; a prepreg which comprises the epoxy resin composition and reinforcing fibers; and a fiber-reinforced resin roll which is 1) a laminate comprising fiber-reinforced resin layers each comprising reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin is a resin composition giving a cured resin plate which, after 60 hour standing at 150° C. and at the saturated vapor pressure, has a water absorption of 3.5% by weight or lower; or 2) a laminate comprising (i) at least one fiber-reinforced resin layer comprising long reinforcing fibers having an elastic modulus of 600˜800 Gpa and a resin composition and (ii) at least one fiber-reinforced resin layer comprising long reinforcing fibers having an elastic modulus of 140˜300 Gpa and a resin composition.

Abstract: There is disclosed a triazine-phenol-aldehyde condensate which contains at least 15% of nitrogen, has a melt viscosity of not greater than 2,000 cps at 175° C. and a solubility of at least 80% by weight at 25° C. by the 90:10 methanol:water method. Also disclosed are methods for the manufacture of the condensate as well as its use in fire-retardant epoxy resin compositions suitable for the manufacture of laminates for electronic applications. Additionally, disclosed is a composition comprising a physical mixture of a triazine-phenol-aldehyde condensate with benzoguanamine and/or acetoguanamine wherein the mixture contains from about 0.5% to 20% of benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine and mixtures thereof based on the weight of the condensate. There is also disclosed a glycidylated triazine-phenol-aldehyde condensate of this invention.

Abstract: A partially impregnated preform employs a fiber layer partially impregnated with a resin to form a fiber reinforced resin composite. The fiber layer of the partially impregnated preform is formed of a plurality of parallel oriented tows, each tow formed of a plurality of unidirectional reinforcement fibers. The resin is partially impregnated on one or both faces of the fiber layer. A resin composition for partially impregnating a fiber layer of a preform is also provided. A stack of partially impregnated preforms utilizes a plurality of partially impregnated preforms. The stack of partially impregnated preforms may be cross-ply reinforced by cross-ply stitching the stack of partially impregnated preforms together prior to curing to form a fiber reinforced resin composite upon curing.

Abstract: An ordinary pattern and a liquid repellent pattern are formed on the base paper. The base paper is then impregnated with a thermosetting resin having a characteristic of being repelled by the liquid repellent pattern. A covering layer of the impregnated resin is formed by the thermosetting resin which has not been impregnated into the base paper and remains on the surface of the base paper. As the thermosetting resin for impregnation is repelled by the liquid repellent pattern, the covering layer of the impregnated resin is not formed on the liquid repellent pattern. The covering layer of the impregnated resin is formed so as to be thicker than the liquid repellent pattern. Due to this, a recessed portion is created at the portion where the liquid repellent pattern is formed.

Abstract: Self-repairing, fiber reinforced matrix materials include a matrix material including inorganic as well as organic matrices. Disposed within the matrix are hollow fibers having a selectively releasable modifying agent contained therein. The hollow fibers may be inorganic or organic and of any desired length, wall thickness or cross-sectional configuration. The modifying agent is selected from materials capable of beneficially modifying the matrix fiber composite after curing. The modifying agents are selectively released into the surrounding matrix in use in response to a predetermined stimulus be it internal or externally applied. The hollow fibers may be closed off or even coated to provide a way to keep the modifying agent in the fibers until the appropriate time for selective release occurs.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition comprising: a polycarbodiimide obtained from organic polyisocyanates containing at least one kind of aromatic polyisocyanate, an epoxy resin, a curing agent for epoxy resin, and a rubber component, wherein the proportions of the individual components are 100 parts by weight of the polycarbodiimide, 30 to 150 parts by weight of the epoxy resin, 1.0 equivalent or less, relative to the epoxy resin, of the curing agent for epoxy resin, and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of the rubber component which is, in a semi-cured state (a B-stage), free from resin cracking or powder detaching when bent and therefore easy to handle and, after curing, has good electrical properties and heat resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a folded fibrous material, e.g. a paper or fabric serviette, which, in the folded state, comprises microcapsules enclosed between two plies (12, 14, 16, 18) of the material, which microcapsules enclose a fragrance or an odor-neutralizing substance (26). The wall material of the microcapsules is connected non-interlockingly with the adjacent material plies (12, 14, 16, 18) optionally by a binder. Upon unfolding of the fibrous material, the microcapsules are destroyed, and a smell or an odor-neutralizing substance is released.

Abstract: A method for sealing flexible graphite sheets formed from exfoliated graphite particles is provided. A textured surface is provided onto the graphite sheet to facilitate the infusion of a sealant into the internal pores of the sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lightweight materials which contain lightweight granules, in particular mineral foam granules, and an organic binder, the volume amount of the lightweight granules in the material being at least 50%, and that the components are bound in the material in a structurally dense manner. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the production thereof by the following steps: introducing the lightweight granules into a workpiece mold, optionally heating the grain feed of lightweight granules, introducing the binder into the workpiece mold filled with the lightweight granular bulk material, solidifying the binder, and to a composite material containing a core of the lightweight material according to the invention and a surface surrounding the core completely or in part and consisting of steel, stainless steel, fiber laminates or plastics.

Abstract: A method of reducing allergenicity of latex rubber products such as latex rubber gloves. The latex rubber product is treated with first bath of an alkane hydrocarbon followed by a protein substituting material in the form of a synthetic plasticizer. A final wash is carried out using an alkaline or oxidative wash to remove surface and interstice dwelling protein.

Abstract: A fabric comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers, and a solvent, wherein the fabric is at least partially saturated with the solvent; a kit comprising a container, and a plurality of adjacent sheets disposed within the container, wherein the sheets comprise the fabric; a kit comprising a container; and a roll of the fabric disposed within the container; wherein the fabric comprises a width and a length, the lengthlwidth ratio is greater than 10:1, a series of perforations traverse the width of the fabric at evenly spaced intervals; and a method of using the fabric comprising contacting the fabric with the residue of a chemical or mechanical process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prepreg which is composed of a mixture of a polycarbodiimide resin and an epoxy resin and which has a film shape; a prepreg composed of (1) a mixture of a polycarbodiimide resin and an epoxy resin and (2) a base material; a multilayer printed wiring board obtained by alternately laminating an internal substrate and an insulating adhesive layer and adhering them to each other, wherein the above prepreg is used as the insulating adhesive; and a process for producing a multilayer printed wiring board, which comprises alternately laminating an internal substrate and the above prepreg, adhering them to each other, and allowing all the internal substrates to communicate with each other at the required portions. The above prepreg has high flexibility at room temperature, causes neither chipping nor peeling of resin, and is superior in heat resistance and electrical insulation after press molding.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode made of carbon, a process for producing an electrode and a carbonizable composite are provided. Thin, flat, porous gas diffusion electrodes made of carbon, which have a smooth surface and in which the porosity can be regulated at will, are obtained by pyrolysis of a composite of an organic polymer having a spatial globular structure (SGS polymer) and a reinforcing skeleton formed at least in part of organic material.

Abstract: A backing or an intermediate layer for a surface covering is described which comprises a fused recycled material, wherein the material comprises a thermoplastic material, for instance, a vinyl material from a vinyl backed carpet or vinyl backed carpet manufacturing waste or both. Surface coverings containing the backing or intermediate layer of the present invention are also described as well as methods of making the backing or intermediate layer and methods of making the surface coverings containing the backing or intermediate layer of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aqueous coagulating agent for a liquid crystal solution with a base of cellulose substances, characterized by the following: it contains water and at least one additive; when it is contacted with said solution, the diffusion kinetics (diffusion front D) of the coagulating agent and that of the precipitation (precipitation front P) of the cellulose substances by the action of said agent, measured under the microscope for the so-called “coagulation test” for an additive proportion of 20 wt. %, comply with the following relationship: 0.55 is <Kp/Kd≦1, Kp and Kd being respectively the factors of diffusion and precipitation (respective “Fick” straight line gradients), expressed in &mgr;ms½.

Abstract: A low dielectric constant, multiphase material which can be used as an interconnect dielectric in IC chips is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for fabricating a multiphase low dielectric constant film utilizing a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Electronic devices containing insulating layers of the multiphase low dielectric constant materials that are prepared by the method are further disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to materials that assist respiration of living cells contained in cell-containing systems. The materials form air-filled conduits or channels through which gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, can readily exchange by diffusional means between regions of different gas partial pressures. When the present invention is placed within an aqueous environment, such as cell-culture media or host tissue, the invention provides aid to cellular respiration in cell-containing systems.

Abstract: The present invention is a dielectric film, and method for making the film, suitable for use in the construction of capacitor devices, including wound capacitors. In order to overcome strength limitations associated with polymers having desirable dielectric properties, the invention includes a dielectric film featuring a polymer impregnated upon a strengthening substrate. The polymer is deposited directly upon the substrate, which substrate provides required physical strength for film processing and capacitor fabrication, without compromising dielectric performance. The inventive film is based on siloxane polymers modified with polar pendant groups to provide a significant increase in dielectric constant and dielectric strength. During film production, the polymer infiltrates the porous paper to provide an interfacial composite layer between the two materials, the interfacial layer consisting of polymer and paper.

Abstract: Self-repairing, fiber reinforced matrix materials include a matrix material including inorganic as well as organic matrices. Disposed within the matrix are hollow fibers having a selectively releasable modifying agent contained therein. The hollow fibers may be inorganic or organic and of any desired length, wall thickness or cross-sectional configuration. The modifying agent is selected from materials capable of beneficially modifying the matrix fiber composite after curing. The modifying agents are selectively released into the surrounding matrix in use in response to a predetermined stimulus be it internal or externally applied. The hollow fibers may be closed off or even coated to provide a way to keep the modifying agent in the fibers until the appropriate time for selective release occurs.

Abstract: A layered structure that includes a product mixture of numerous particles, a foamable substance, such as including a liquid binder, and a reacted dry binder is provided. The particles preferably are comprised of cellulosic, fibrous materials. The dry binder reacts with the liquid binder to create a strong bond among separated particles. The particles are separated during transport, together with the dry binder, before the dry binder is reacted with the foamed liquid binder. Upon contact with the liquid binder, the dry binder reacts to cause desired adhesion among the separated particles. The reacted dry binder is disposed relatively inwardly of the product mixture, while the liquid binder is located outwardly thereof, with at least some of the liquid binder, after curing, being disposed on outer portions of the product mixture. The layered structure also includes one or more outer members or panels that are laminated or otherwise joined to the outer surface portions of the product mixture.

Abstract: A base plate for a printed circuit board, having a conductive foil heat-bonded to at least one side of a film insulator which comprises from 65 to 35 wt % of a polyarylketone resin and from 35 to 65 wt % of a non-crystalline polyether imide resin and of which the glass transition temperature is from 150 to 230° C. and the peak temperature of crystal fusion is at least 260° C., as measured when the temperature is raised in the differential scanning calorimetry, if necessary after forming a through-hole and filling a conductive paste therein, and of which, after the heat bonding, the heat of crystal fusion &Dgr;Hm and the heat of crystallization &Dgr;Hc generated by crystallization during the temperature rise, as measured when the temperature is raised by the differential scanning calorimetry, satisfy the following relation: [(&Dgr;Hm−&Dgr;Hc)/&Dgr;Hm]≦0.5.

Abstract: An electrically conductive composite article consisting essentially of a main body composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene material and a plurality of electrically conductive particles, wherein an elastomer material is disposed within the main body.

Abstract: A process of controlling the gloss of a thermal dye transfer image comprising: (a) imagewise-heating a dye-donor element comprising a support having thereon a dye layer comprising an image dye in a binder, the dye-donor being in contact with a dye-receiving element, thereby transferring a dye image to an image-receiving layer of the dye-receiving element to form the dye transfer image; and (b) thermally transferring a protection layer on top of the transferred dye image, the protection layer being applied from an element which contains unexpanded synthetic thermoplastic polymeric microspheres, the microspheres having a particle size in the unexpanded condition of from about 5 to about 20 &mgr;m, the protection layer being transferred using a given energy level in order to expand the microspheres until a desired gloss level is obtained.

Abstract: An electrically conductive elastomer for grafting to thermoplastic and thermoset substrates is disclosed. If the substrate is a thermoset substrate, the electrically conductive elastomer comprises a mixture of an elastic material, a quantity of electrically conductive flakes, a thermoplastic elastomer material, and a thermoset material. If the substrate is a thermoplastic substrate, the electrically conductive elastomer comprises a mixture of an elastic material, a quantity of electrically conductive flakes, a thermoplastic elastomer material, and a thermoplastic material. The electrically conductive elastomer may further comprise a quantity of electrically conductive particles interspersed within the mixture. Alternatively, a quantity of electrically conductive particles may be imbedded in an outer surface of the electrically conductive elastomer. The electrically conductive elastomer is typically grafted to the substrate by a thermal process.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a low dielectric constant structural layer is produced having increased mechanical strength and having a plurality of voids that comprises a substrate layer; a low dielectric structural layer juxtaposing the substrate layer; and an infiltrating layer comprising an infiltrating material having a volatile component and a reinforcing component juxtaposing the structural layer and coating at least some of the plurality of voids. Also, methods are provided in which the mechanical strength of a structural layer having a plurality of voids is increased by a) depositing the structural layer on a substrate layer; b) providing an infiltrating material having a volatile component and a reinforcing component; c) introducing the infiltrating material into at least some of the plurality of voids; and d) treating the infiltrating material such that the structural strength is increased by a substantial amount.

Abstract: Bichromal balls have two hemispheres, typically one black and one white, each having different electrical properties. Each ball is enclosed within a spherical shell and then a space between the ball and shell is filled with a liquid to form a microsphere so that the ball is free to rotate in response to an electrical field. The microspheres can then be mixed into a substrate which can be formed into sheets or can be applied to any kind of surface. The result is a film which can form an image from an applied electrical field.