Abstract: A target mark member having a mark pattern with a plurality of marks and a controlled width of the marks provides accuracy and efficiency in electron beam shape measurement and focus of the electron beam. The target mark member for adjusting a focus of an electron beam and measuring a shape of said electron beam in an electron beam processing apparatus includes a metal mark portion having a predetermined mark pattern, said metal mark portion comprising an epitaxial metal material; and a substrate that supports said metal mark portion.

Abstract: A method of treating structures (and the structure formed thereby), so as to prevent or retard the oxidation of a metal film, and/or prevent its delamination a substrate, includes providing a structure including a refractory metal film formed on a substrate, placing the structure into a vessel having a base pressure below approximately 10−7 torr, exposing the structure to a silane gas at a sufficiently high predetermined temperature and predetermined pressure to cause formation of a metal silicide layer on the refractory metal film, and exposing the structure to a second gas at a sufficiently high temperature and pressure to nitride the metal silicide layer into a nitrided layer.

Abstract: Described is a method for producing a diffusion bonded sputtering assembly which is thermally treated to precipitation harden the backing plate without compromising the diffusion bond integrity. The method includes heat treating and quenching to alloy solution and artificially age the backing plate material after diffusion bonding to a target. Thermal treatment of the diffusion bonded sputtering target assembly includes quenching by partial-immersion in a quenchant and is performed after diffusion bonding and allows for various tempers in the backing plate.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic substrate having thereon a non-magnetic undercoat, a magnetic film and optionally a protective film. The magnetic film comprises a material containing Co as a main component. The non-magnetic undercoat comprises at least two layers including a first undercoat film and a second undercoat film provided on the first undercoat film. The first undercoat film comprises a material containing Cr as a main component, and the second undercoat film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a Cr/Nb-base alloy, a Cr/W-base alloy, a Cr/V-base alloy and a Cr/Mo-base alloy as a main component.

Abstract: A sintered electrode of high-melting metal (for example tungsten) is produced from spherical metal powder having a well defined particle size. The mean particle size is from 5 to 70 &mgr;m. The particle size distribution covers a range from at most 20% below to at most 20% above the mean particle size.

Abstract: This invention provides a covered member which possesses a high bond strength of a base material and a covering film, and has a smooth surface. The covered member comprises a base material and a covering film and the surface of the base material to be covered with the covering film is characterized by an uneven surface having projections with an average height in the range from 10 to 100 nm and an average width of not more than 300 nm. The uneven surface can be formed by ion impacting. A surface of a covering film formed on that is smooth since the unevenness of the surface is extremely fine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead frame material and a process for manufacturing a lead frame material. The process includes forming an intermediate layer on a lead frame substrate by vacuum deposition and forming a top protective layer on the intermediate layer by vacuum deposition. By using vacuum deposition, the coating material can be selected from a wider variety of materials; thus, coatings with novel compositions can be formed. The intermediate layer can be Ni, Ag, W, Zn, Cr, Mo, Cu, Sn, Al, Ta, Co, Nb, or alloys thereof, and the top protective layer can be Pt, Ir, Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Au, Ag, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: A furnace component having a tungsten-based substrate whose surface is protected by a rhenium-based layer in order to render the component less reactive to quartz, glass and other forms of silica. The layer preferably consists essentially of rhenium or rhenium with alloying additions of tungsten. The substrate may be formed of concentric layers of different tungsten-based alloys in order to tailor the physical and mechanical properties of the component. A preferred method of forming the rhenium layer is to wrap the substrate with a rhenium-based wire, and then heat the wire and substrate to sinter and bond the wire to the substrate. Alternatively, the substrate and rhenium layer can be formed by isostatic pressing. Both methods are performed so that the substrate and layer have densities of at least about 96% of their respective theoretical densities.

Abstract: A Mo—W material for the formation of wirings is discloses which, as viewed integrally, comprises 20 to 95% of tungsten and the balance of molybdenum and inevitable impurities by atomic percentage. The Mo—W material for wirings is a product obtained by compounding and integrating a Mo material and a W material as by the powder metallurgy technique or the smelting technique or a product obtained by arranging these materials in amounts calculated to account for the percentage composition mentioned above. The Mo—W material containing W in a proportion in the range of from 20 to 95% manifests low resistance and, at the same time, excels in workability and tolerance for etchants. The wiring thin film which is formed of the Mo—W alloy of this percentage composition is used as address wirings and others for liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: A furnace component having a tungsten-based substrate whose surface is protected by a rhenium-based layer in order to render the component less reactive to quartz, glass and other forms of silica. The layer preferably consists essentially of rhenium or rhenium with alloying additions of tungsten. The substrate may be formed of concentric layers of different tungsten-based alloys in order to tailor the physical and mechanical properties of the component. A preferred method of forming the rhenium layer is to wrap the substrate with a rhenium-based wire, and then heat the wire and substrate to sinter and bond the wire to the substrate. Alternatively, the substrate and rhenium layer can be formed by isostatic pressing. Both methods are performed so that the substrate and layer have densities of at least about 96% of their respective theoretical densities.

Abstract: Decoration for a garment, comprising individual elements (1) of glass or synthetic material, whose back is provided with an adhesive means (2) bounded by a flat adhesive surface (3), wherein each element (1) comprises a retroreflector (11) whose front is bounded by a transparent convex, in particular spherical, incident surface (7), whereas the curved back (4) coated with reflecting material extends essentially in the focal surface of incident light.

Abstract: An improved award medal capable of being configured to include bright attractive colors and any number of unique and/or intricate designs. The award medal of the present invention is structured to be formed of a relatively soft material which includes a weight element so as to substantially duplicate the weight of a conventional metallic award medal. The improved award medal includes a main body preferably formed to have a generally flat, plate-like configuration and appearance, with a first outer surface, a second outer surface, and a surrounding peripheral sidewall. The main body will be formed of a substantially soft, resilient, rubber material and ideally, a rubberized polyvinyl chloride material. In order to provide structural integrity to the main body, a substantially heavy weight assembly is disposed within the improved award medal. Additionally, a variety of decorative indicia are positioned on at least one of the outer surfaces of the main body.

Abstract: A decorative laminate for articles of elastomeric material in which a layer of pigments is sandwiched between an adhesive covering and a protective vering. The two coverings are produced from aqueous emulsions of at least one homopolymer or a copolymer having a base of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic and vinyl esters, and having a glass transition temperature less than 0.degree. C.

Abstract: A joined ceramic structure including a ceramic member and a metallic joining member joined to each other through a joining layer made of a brazing material wherein a metallic member is buried in the ceramic member in the state that a metal-exposed portion is formed through partial exposure of the metallic member from such a joining surface of the ceramic member as contacting said joining layer, and the ceramic member and the metal-exposed portion are also joined to the joining layer along the joining surface of the ceramic member.

Abstract: An improved substrate and stamper holder and method of forming substrates are disclosed. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a substrate for a DVD has a moat with a capillary barrier shape. Under one embodiment, the moat has a region with an abrupt outer diameter transition. One embodiment has the outer diameter transition at approximately at a right angle relative to a registering surface of the substrate. Another embodiment of the invention provides a wider moats. The improvements reduce the likelihood of resin wicking past the moats.

Abstract: A method of increasing conductivity of a refractory metal film disposed upon a substrate includes exposing the refractory metal film to an atmosphere comprising a silane of the form Si.sub.n H.sub.(2n+2), where n is a positive integer, while subjecting the refractory metal film to a temperature in excess of 700 degrees Celsius and to a base pressure not exceeding 10.sup.-8 torr for a time period which is chosen to be sufficiently long to increase the conductivity of the refractory metal film to a correspondingly sufficient degree.

Abstract: A decoration article for use on automobiles is made up of a decoration top cap, a round disc and a double-sided adhesive piece. The round disc conforming identically to the structure of the double-sided adhesive piece has a central engaging protrusion for the passage of a screw and a square hole adjacent the central protrusion for water to be discharged therethrough when mounted to a water discharge spout of a windshield system. The decoration top cap is provided with a recess on the peripheral wall thereof so as to permit water to be discharged via the recess. The double-sided adhesive piece enables the decoration piece to be attached to the engine hood or trunk lid of a vehicle and the screw or bolt permits the decoration article to be firmly fixed to an outer lid of a wheel for ornament purpose.

Abstract: A decorative display article is provided having a plate and a transparent vessel mounted thereon. The vessel defines a reservoir for retaining a liquid and a particulate material which will fall gently through the liquid upon agitation. The reservoir is mounted within the central portion of the plate and a peripheral rim on the plate extends radially outwardly therefrom. A sculpture is positioned within the reservoir and fixed proximal to the plate. Decorative artwork may be provided on the plate and/or as part of the vessel.

Abstract: A method (110) of manufacturing a bakery display (10) using the following steps: A)coating (112) a cover bottom (12B) of a cover (12) with hot melt adhesive; B) positioning (114) a cover bottom (12B) of a cover (12) over a doily top (14T) of the doily (14) until completely covered; C) utilizing (116) sufficient heat for a sufficient time period until the entire cover bottom (12B) surface affixes to the doily top (14T) forming a cover (12)/doily (14) laminate; D) cooling (118) the cover (12)/doily (14) laminate until room temperature; E)affixing (120) a doily (14) to a backing (16) by placing an adhesive between a doily bottom (14B) and a backing top (16T); and F) cutting (120) along a circumferential periphery the cover (12)/doily (14)/backing (16) laminate into a decorative cover edge (12C), a decorative doily edge (14C), and a decorative backing edge (16C) forming a bakery display (10).

Abstract: The present invention is a metallic composite which is resistant to erosion and corrosion at the high temperatures and pressures which are encountered in gun tubes, including projectile launchers. This composite comprises a ductile layer of rhenium or a rhenium alloy containing more than 20 percent rhenium, and a layer of a lower cost high strength material such as steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt, or cobalt alloy. A solid solution of the two metals is formed between the two layers making a metallurgical bond. The metallurgical bond may be enhanced through the use of a bond promoter having solubility with both metallic layers.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate with no reduction in the effective usage area and mechanical strength, and non-uniformity of the resist film thickness, and method of manufacturing and using the same are obtained. A detection mark for detecting the crystal orientation of a silicon wafer having an outer perimeter entirely of a circular contour is formed at a predetermined region of the silicon wafer. The crystal orientation of the semiconductor wafer can easily be detected with the outer perimeter still taking a circular contour. Therefore, various problems encountered in a conventional semiconductor substrate having an orientation flat or notch such as reduction in mechanical strength and effective usage area, and non-uniformity of the resist film can be circumvented.

Abstract: A component of aluminum nitride metallized with a metallizing paste containing: (i) a pulverulent glass of the MnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 system as an adhesion promotor having a mean particle size of 2-15 .mu.m; (ii) a refractory metal powder having a mean particle size of 1-4 .mu.m; and (iii) an organic resin dissolved in a suitable solvent and/or a screen printing oil is disclosed. The metallizing paste preferably has a viscosity of 50-100 Pa.multidot.s when applied by screen printing, and a viscosity of <5 Pa.multidot.s when applied by dipping. The component of aluminum nitride metallized with the metallizing paste has at least one metal layer deposited on the metallizing paste, and the at least one metal layer applied has a bonding strength given by mean pull-off values of .gtoreq.3.5 kN/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A structure and method for fabricating circuits which use field effect transistors (FETs), bipolar transistors, or BiCMOS (combined Bipolar/Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon structures), uses low temperature germanium gas flow to affect metals and alloys deposited in high aspect ratio structures including lines and vias. By using a germanium gas flow, germanium (Ge) will be introduced in a surface reaction which prevents voids and side seams and which also provides a passivating layer of CuGe. If a hard cap is needed for surface passivation or a wear-resistance application, the GeH.sub.4 gas followed by WF.sub.6 can be used to produce an in-situ hard cap of W.sub.x Ge.sub.y. Further, high aspect ratio vias/lines (aspect ratio of 3 or more) can be filled by utilizing low pressures and high temperatures (i.e., below 450.degree. C.) without degrading the underlying metals.

Abstract: A magnetic recording media with a magnetic film made from at least two layers stacked via a non-magnetic intermediate layer, wherein the magnetic film is formed on a structure control underlayer situated on a non-magnetic substrate. A magnetic recording system is also disclosed which includes this magnetic recording media and a magnetic recording head for recording on and reading back from the magnetic recording media. The system further includes a disk drive system, which generates relative motion between the magnetic recording media and the magnetic recording head, and an actuator which determines an appropriate location, on the magnetic recording media, over which the head should be located.

Abstract: A decorative accessory for attachment to the grille of a vehicle having spaced bars includes a decorative portion positionable against the front surface of the grille and an attachment portion positionable against the rear surface of the grille. The decorative portion includes a first planar disc, a cushioning pad adhesively secured to one face of the first disc, and a bolt having a head which is attached to the cushioned face of the first disc. The face of the first disc opposite the cushioned face thereof bears decorative indicia, and the longitudinal axis of the threaded shank is arranged so as to be substantially normal to the plane of the first disc. The attachment portion is used with a wing nut to secure the decorative portion to the front of the vehicle grille.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a composite material such as that having high thermal conductivity and having specific application as a heat sink or heat spreader for high density integrated circuits. The composite material produced by this process has a thermal conductivity between that of diamond and copper, and basically consists of coated diamond particles dispersed in a high conductivity metal, such as copper. The composite material can be fabricated in small or relatively large sizes using inexpensive materials. The process basically consists, for example, of sputter coating diamond powder with several elements, including a carbide forming element and a brazeable material, compacting them into a porous body, and infiltrating the porous body with a suitable braze material, such as copper-silver alloy, thereby producing a dense diamond-copper composite material with a thermal conductivity comparable to synthetic diamond films at a fraction of the cost.

Abstract: A doily includes a substrate with multicolor artwork coating substantially covering the top surface. The artwork coating is applied by four color, or more, process printing. A peripheral margin defines patterned cutouts which diminish the substrate and artwork coating, thereby relatively emphasizing the artwork coating in a substantially imperforate central area. The substrate is foil/paper lamination or paper, including precoated paper. The doilies are made by printing rolls of substrate sheet material, layering sheet from plural rolls, and cutting and embossing plural doilies in aligned stacks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density magnetic recording medium (or "media" as it is sometimes called) for a recording/reproduction system (such as thosed used in computer disk drives) and, more particularly, to a magnetic recording medium having a plurality of magnetic recording layers such that the uppermost layer is comparatively thinner and more densely structured than the lower magnetic recording layers. The present magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic plated substrate, a non-magnetic underlying layer laminated on the plated substrate, a plurality of magnetic alloy layers including the uppermost layer laminated onto the underlying layer, a non-magnetic covering layer laminated onto the uppermost layer, and a lubricating layer formed onto the non-magnetic covering layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrode wiring material including at least one main element selected from the group consisting of Mo and W and an additional element selected from the group consisting of Kr and Xe in an amount of 0.0003 atomic % to 3 atomic %. The present invention further discloses an electrode wiring substrate including an electrode wiring formed on a glass substrate, wherein the electrode wiring is formed of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mo and W and the lattice constant of the electrode wiring material is almost equal to the lattice constant of the electrode wiring material in a bulk state.

Abstract: A firearm bolt prepared from an alloy of tungsten, nickel and iron having a density of about from 14.1 g/cc to 18.0 g/cc. The alloy preferably also contains at least one of molybdenum, cobalt, rhenium, tantalum and gold. The alloy is preferably manufactured by standard powder metallurgical techniques followed by a liquid phase sinter and vacuum anneal. The bolt can also be manufactured using solid state sintering. The bolt can also be manufactured by mechanically working the material after sintering, after annealing, or after both sintering and annealing.

Abstract: An article of manufacture comprises a substrate and an optically black surface on the substrate and having an absorptivity of more than about 0.89 and an emissivity more than about 0.86. The surface comprises boron particles plasma spray applied to the substrate using a powder selected from the group consisting of crystalline boron having a particle size finer than about 200 mesh and amorphous boron.

Abstract: A rocket engine component is formed as a tungsten-copper composite substrate, and a functionally-gradient material coating overlying and contacting the substrate. The functionally-gradient material coating has a composition that varies nonlinearly through a thickness of the coating so as to minimize thermal stresses through the coating, and such that the functionally-gradient material coating is tungsten adjacent to the substrate and is rhenium remote from the substrate. In a preferred form, the functionally-gradient material coating includes a tungsten sublayer overlying and contacting the substrate, a tungsten-rhenium sublayer overlying and contacting the tungsten sublayer; and a rhenium sublayer overlying and contacting the tungsten-rhenium sublayer. The functionally-gradient material coating is preferably applied by a low-temperature deposition technique such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer material useful as an anti-erosion and anti-abrasion coating, and to a process for producing the multilayer material at low temperatures. The multilayer material comprises a substrate covered with at least one metallic tungsten ductile layer and at least one hard layer of a solid solution of an additional element chosen from carbon or nitrogen or a mixture of carbon and nitrogen in tungsten or a tungsten alloy, the two types of layers ar alternating. The multilayer material is particularly useful as a coating for parts used in aeronautics.

Abstract: A method of making a coated member comprising the steps of: providing a sintered substrate that includes hard grains bonded together by metallic binder; removing material from the sintered substrate to form an as-ground substrate; reducing the residual stresses in the substrate; resintering the substrate to form a resintered substrate; and adherently depositing a coating on the resintered substrate.

Abstract: An article comprising a medallic artwork with an embedded, decorated substrate, such as a ceramic wafer, carrying a miniaturized reproduction of two-dimensional artwork. Preferably, the two-dimensional artwork is reproduced in the form of a four-color decal that is fired onto a porcelain wafer. The medallic artwork is formed by striking, hot or cold casting, molding, or by the lost wax method and includes a depression dimensioned for receiving the wafer. The medallic artwork protects and enhances the two-dimensional artwork, and its design preferably corresponds to the artwork to create a unique, collectable work of art in and of itself.

Abstract: A metallized ceramic substrate having a smooth plating layer comprises a ceramic substrate containing aluminum nitride as a main component; a tungsten- and/or molybdenum-based metallized layer formed on at least one face of the ceramic substrate; and a nickel-based plating layer formed on the metallized layer wherein the plating layer has a thickness of not greater than 2 .mu.m and a surface roughness (Ra) of not greater than 2 .mu.m. Alternatively, the plating layer on the ceramic substrate may comprise a first nickel-based plating layer having a thickness of not greater than 2 .mu.m and a second gold-based plating layer having a thickness of not greater than 1 .mu.m wherein the gold-based plating layer has a surface roughness (Ra) of 2 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A flexible medium for a scrolling color changer and method of making thereof. The medium is made by applying an ink using a Meyer Rod which has varying cell lengths along its length. This leaves varying size cells of ink at different locations along the length of the medium. The ink has special characteristics whereby its evaporation rate and viscosity are carefully controlled. The viscosity is such that an amount of levelling will occur will be equal to the distance between any cells, but that cell to cell levelling will not, in general, occur.

Abstract: A mask for transferring a pattern in which durability can be improved and a very fine circuit pattern of a light-shielding film can be formed, and a manufacturing method thereof are obtained. In the mask for transferring a pattern, a silicon monocrystalline film 2, an aluminum monocrystalline film 3 and an aluminum oxide film 4 are formed on a mask substrate 1 so as to have a prescribed pattern feature. Silicon monocrystalline film 2 and aluminum monocrystalline film 3 serve as the light-shielding film. Aluminum oxide film 4 serves as an anti reflection and protection film.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate has a five-layered thin metallic film thereon. The first layer is Ti, Zr, Cr and/or W; the second layer is Ni and/or Mo; the third layer is one or more metals of group Ib in the periodic table; the fourth layer contains the same metals as the second layer and the fifth layer contains the same metals as the third layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides inexpensive electric contact materials having higher hardness and higher melting point and being more excellent in the points of wear resistance and environmental resistance over the electric contact materials of Ag type, Au type, platinum group type, etc. having been used so far, production methods thereof and electric contacts used said contact materials.In the electric contact materials of the invention, basically, a covering layer having at least one selected from transition metals of groups IVa (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Va (V, Nb, Ta, etc.) and VIa (Cr, Mo, W, etc.) as a major ingredient is formed on the substrate as an electric contact in a thickness of 0.03 to 100 .mu.m, and, if need be, a fixed intermediate layer is formed between said covering layer of electric contact and substrate or a fixed surface layer is formed on the outside of covering layer of electric contact, thus aiming at further improvement in the characteristics of contact.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetoresistive thin-film, which a (110) oriented epitaxial buffer layer 2 made of a body-centered cubic crystalline metal or alloy is formed on a single crystalline substrate 1, thereon with layer a (110) oriented epitaxial Fe/Cr superlattice film on which Fe layers 3 and Cr layers 4 alternately are epitaxially grown, the Fe/Cr superlattice having a structure in which staircase facets which have ridge lines to the <100> direction at (110) surface and have {100} side surfaces stand side by side to the <110> direction. The dispersion of the widths of the staircase facets falls within .+-.50%. Also disclosed is a magnetoresistive device which is provided with the above magnetoresistive thin-film and a means for applying a magnetic field parallel to the ridge lines of the staircase facets to the thin-film.

Abstract: An adornment for affixing to fabric comprised of several ornaments in a series which are attached by elastic threads.

Abstract: A fluorescent foil is formed from a translucent/transparent foil material having admixed therewith coloring matter and fluorescent matter. A translucent layer substantially impermeable to ultraviolet rays is provided on one side of the foil material. A translucent adhesive layer is also applied to the fluorescent foil, preferably to the translucent ultraviolet barrier layer. A sign board is formed on translucent/transparent substrate by attaching fluorescent foils so formed to opposite sides of the substrate. The translucent foils have different colors and are cut to the form of letters, figures, logograms, emblems, etc. in a complementary manner. The sign board may be illuminated by ultraviolet light from either or both sides to provide an attention getting, multi-color display.

Abstract: A heavily thermally stressable component comprising a graphite and a metal part, e.g., copper or a copper alloy, soldered together. Between the solder and the metal part there is an intermediate layer comprising chromium or an alloy containing a substantial proportion of chromium with copper and/or nickel additives. This special intermediate layer provides a good bond between the graphite and the metal which remains stable even under the heaviest cyclic thermal stresses.

Abstract: In a ceramic multi-layer wiring board, a surface conductor layer is made of a copper-based material and an inner conductor in the ceramic multi-layer is a non-copper metal having a melting point higher than a temperature at which the ceramic multi-layer is fired, typically Ag. Cu and Ag form eutectic crystals when firing the surface conductor layer of Cu. This can be prevented by connecting the surface conductor layer and the inner conductor with Ag--Pd or a metal which is different from the materials of the surface wiring layer and the inner conductor and which does not form eutectic crystals with the material of the surface wiring layer at the temperature at which the surface wiring layer is fired.

Abstract: A composite substrate 30 is constituted by an alumina substrate 16, a metallic layer 34, and a copper sheet 26 bonded to the alumina substrate 16 via the metallic layer 34. The metallic layer 34 is constituted by a tungsten sub-layer 34a having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, a tungsten/silver-copper alloy mixture sub-layer 34b, and a silver-copper alloy sub-layer 34c having a high coefficient of thermal expansion. In the mixture sub-layer 34b, the ratio of the percentage content of the silver-copper alloy to that of the tungsten increases with distances from the alumina substrate 16.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer material more particularly intended for producing an anti-erosion and anti-abrasion coating, as well as the process for producing this multilayer material. The aim of the invention is to produce a material which has a greater resistance and which can be deposited at low temperatures. This aim is achieved with the aid of a multilayer material, which is characterized in that it comprises a substrate covered with at least one metallic tungsten ductile layer and at least one hard layer of a solid solution of an additional element chosen from among carbon or nitrogen or a mixture of carbon and nitrogen in tungsten or a tungsten alloy, the two types of layers are alternating. The invention more particularly relates to the production of a coating for parts used in aeronautics.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is constructed with a substrate made of glass, one or two underlayers, and a magnetic film. In order that the easy magnetization axis of the magnetic film is parallel to the magnetic film, an underlayer having an NaCl crystallographic structure is superposed on the substrate. A magnetic film made of a Co based alloy having a hexagonal close packed crystallographic structure is formed on this underlayer, putting an underlayer made of a material having a body centered cubic crystallographic structure therebetween at need. Magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic film is increased by forming grooves in a predetermined direction in a surface portion of the substrate. These grooves play a role also for defining the orientation of the underlayer made of the material having an NaCl crystallographic structure.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride sintered body has a metallized layer on its surface. The metallized layer contains tungsten, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide. Preferably, the metallized layer contains 40 to 96 percent by weight of a metal, 0.4 to 25 percent by weight of an aluminum oxide and 3 to 35 percent by weight of calcium oxide. In a method of forming a metallized layer on the surface of the aluminum nitride sintered body, such body is first formed by firing. Then, a metal paste of tungsten containing powder of calcium oxide and powder of aluminum oxide is provided. The metal paste is coated on the surface of the aluminum nitride sintered body which is then fired with the metal paste in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A long-life, inexpensive rotary anode for use in an X-ray tube having an X-ray generating layer formed by CVD on a graphite substrate and capable of producing high-power X-rays without the possibility of thermal cracks or delamination. When forming the X-ray generating layer of a tungsten-rhenium alloy on the graphite substrate through a rhenium intermediate layer by CVD, material gases are supplied intermittently so that the entire part or only the surface area of the X-ray generating layer will be formed of laminated structure of ultra-thin films each 0.1-5.0 microns thick. The content of rhenium in the tungsten-rhenium alloy forming the X-ray generating layer has a gradient form, i.e. increases from the interface with the rhenium intermediate layer toward the surface, so that the total amount of rhenium added can be reduced.