Abstract: A tube of a muffler for an internal combustion engine includes at least two generally rectangular sheets which are joined together at one end by crimping and wound in a tubular configuration to constitute two consecutive layers. In the tubular configuration, the other end of each of the two sheets overlaps the sheet itself and welded to the latter straddling a coupling portion where the two sheets are joined. While one of the sheets which constitutes an inner layer of the tube is made of a material which is resistive to corrosion due to chemical reactions with combustion gas and others flowing through the tube, the other which constitutes an outer wall of the same is made of a material which withstands adverse ambient conditions such as briny air and high humidity.

Abstract: A composite armour comprises an outer layer of metal, an inner layer of metal, and therebetween an intermediate non-metallic layer, wherein there is provided along an edge of the intermediate layer a deflecting strip of metal, said deflecting strip presenting towards the edge of the intermediate layer a face which is inclined at an oblique angle with respect to the surface of the inner layer.

Abstract: A strand for reinforcing objects made of polymer material comprising at least one core wire and less than six outside wires arranged round it, the core wire having an outside diameter larger than the diameter of the circle tangent to each of the outside wires in the hollow space that remains free when their cross-sections have the highest packing density and smaller than the diameter of the outside wires, whereby the outside wires are made of carbon steel wire with a tensile strength of at least 2250-1130 log d N/mm.sup.2, d being the wire diameter in mm. The core wire has a tensile strength less than 2250-1130 log d N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A machine part such as a cylinder or a feeding screw of an injection molding machine and the like is produced such that a separating metallic plate is inserted in a mold adapted to mold the cylinder or the feeding screw, thereby providing two molding cavities on both sides of the separating plate, and melted metals adapted to form a main portion and a corrosion and wear resistant portion of the cylinder or feeding screw are poured into the two cavities. In this manner the two kinds of metals poured into the two cavities are metallurgically fused together with the separating plate interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A titanium-clad steel with improved bonding properties and a method for the manufacture thereof are disclosed. The titanium-clad steel is characterized by comprising a Ti-cladding, a base metal steel, and an insert between them, the insert being made of an alloy consisting essentially of, in % by weight, 0.05% or less of carbon, 3 to 20% by weight of at least one of niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V), and a balance of iron.

Abstract: A steel wear pin or shaft product utilizes three separate alloys each having opposing metallurgical properties in a core and outer layers which form a structure optimizing the desired properties of each alloy, thus providing a superior product with a substantially improved service life.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel alloy showing a high cavitation erosion resistance making it particularly useful for the manufacture and/or repair of hydraulic machine components. The alloy consists essentially of from 8 to 30% by weight of Co; from 13 to 30% by weight of Cr; from 0.03 to 2.0% by weight of C; up to 0.3% by weight of N; up to 5.0% by weight of Si; up to 1.0% by weight of Ni; up to 2.0% by weight of Mo; and up to 16% by weight of Mn, the balance being substantially Fe, with the proviso that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the amount of C is higher than 0.3%, and/or the amount of Si is higher than 3.0% and/or the amount of Mn is higher than 9.0%.

Abstract: A compound roll for rolling composed of a shell made of adamite having a carbon content of 1.4-2.5 weight % and a core made of forged or cast steel, the shell being metallurgically bonded to the core by casting an adamite melt around the already prepared core, and the shell having a large residual compressive stress. The adamite shell has a composition consisting essentially, by weight, of 1.4-2.5% of C, 0.6-0.8% of Si, 0.8-1.0% of Mn, 0.5-2.5% of Ni, 1.0-4.0% of Cr, 0.2-2.0% of Mo and the balance being essentially Fe. The residual compressive stress of the shell is desirably at least 20 kg/mm.sup.2 so that cracks are effectively prevented from penetrating into the depths of the shell, thereby preventing the breakage of the compound roll at a roll body thereof.

Abstract: Thermal protective shield to be used in connection with hot gases in engines, particularly for the combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels or in e.g. Stirling engines driven by solar energy. The thermal protective shield consists of a multi-layer material, wherein at least two layers are joined to each other over a surface corresponding to the entire surface exposed to the hot gases, and wherein the outer layer facing the hot gas consits of an alloy of the type iron-chrome-aluminium. Preferably, the layers are joined together by hot-rolling.

Abstract: A dry-operating electrostatic precipitator, especially for the cleaning of steel-making converter gases in which pyrophoric dust may deposit on electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, has these electrodes composed of structural steel clad with corrosion-resistant steel.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a layer of ferritic stainless steel of up to 0.005 inches thickness covered on both sides by a layer of austenitic stainless steel of up to 0.005 inches thickness and suitable for induction heating. A second composite material comprising the material above further bonded to an aluminum layer and another layer of austenitic stainless steel. Cookware made of both types of composite material.

Abstract: A composite compact component made of a composite compact consisting of a diamond or BN powder bonded to a hard sintered alloy base during a sintering operation, and a substrate composed of steel or a hard sintered alloy bonded to the base of the composite compact through a high strength filler metal or alloy having a melting point of at least the liquidus point of the hard sintered alloy base. A process of making set composite compact component is also disclosed as well as a drill bit containing said composite compact component and variations thereof.

Abstract: Armour-plate comprising a two layer bonded subsequently heat-treated clad steel comprising an upper layer and a base layer wherein:(a) the upper layer contains (in percent by weight)______________________________________ 0.30 to 0.80% carbon 0.10 to 0.80% silicon 0.40 to 1.20% manganese up to 0.015% phosphorus up to 0.015% sulfur 0.20 to 2.80% chromium 0.05 to 1.00% molybdenum 0.01 to 0.05% aluminum up to 0.40% nickel ______________________________________remainder iron including unavoidable impurities;(b) said base layer contains (in percent by weight) ______________________________________ 0.17 to 0.40% carbon 0.10 to 0.80% silicon 0.40 to 2.00% manganese up to 0.025% phosphorus up to 0.025% sulfur 0.10 to 1.50% chromium 0.05 to 1.50% molybdenum 0.01 to 0.05% aluminum ______________________________________remainder iron including unavoidable impurities the carbon content of said upper layer being substantially higher than the carbon content of said base material.

Abstract: A method of producing a weld overlay on a ferrous base metal surface, by applying to the surface by electric arc welding a plurality of layers of an austenitic stainless steel filler of specific composition, and providing a flux which produces a substantially fully austenitic overlay at least in the uppermost layer. The overlay has improved machinability, metal-to-metal wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the capability of work hardening.

Abstract: A centrifugally cast double-layer tube with resistance to carbon deposition, comprising an inner layer of a specific metallic material containing 1-10 wt % of Al and an outer layer of a heat resisting metallic material, can be applied to apparatuses for treating a fluid, containing hydrocarbons, their derivatives, or carbon monoxide, at elevated temperatures and to piping for transferring the fluid without carbon deposition on its inside surface, because the surface of said inner layer is oxidized to form a firm Al-containing oxide film prior to and/or during the treatment of the fluid, and also a sufficient strength and ductility of the tube are preserved by the support of the outer layer of said tube.

Abstract: An oxide thermal barrier coating comprises ZrO.sub.3 --Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 that is plasma sprayed onto a previously applied bond coating. The zirconia is partially stabilized with about 12.4 w/o ytterbia to insure cubic, monoclinic, and tetragonal phases.

Abstract: A welded structure for use at very low temperatures having structural metallic members of austenitic stainless steel welded with a welding material of austenitic stainless steel. The oxygen content of the portion of the deposited metal where there is no dilution with the material of the structural metallic member is not greater than 0.06 wt %. The structural metallic members and the deposited metal have chemical compositions consisting essentially of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of C, 0.05 to 1 wt % of Si, 1 to 10 wt % of Mn, 8 to 20 wt % of Ni, 16 to 22 wt % of Cr and the balance substantially Fe and have a fully austenite structure. The Ni equivalent of the deposited metal ranges between 17 and 22. The welded structure for use at very low temperatures can be used, for example, as the container for the magnet of a superconducting generator rotor.

Abstract: A three-layer metal laminate consists of only two different metals with different coefficients of thermal expansion. The two outer layers consist of the same metal, yet of different thicknesses so that, on heating the metal laminate there arises a cotrolled bimetal effect which is utilized in thin-based vessels for hot food, to maintain the base flat on being heated.

Abstract: A composite structure of thin films including alternating layers of relatively high conductivity metals and low conductivity metals to combine the effects of reflection and absorption and thereby maximize the attenuation of the structure. Additionally, a similar structure of layers of materials with differing magnetic permeabilities may be used for the same purpose.

Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of about 0 to about 25 atom percent cobalt, 0 to about 30 atom percent nickel, 0 to about 30 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 5 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 4 atom percent molybdenum, about 2 to about 25 atom percent boron, 0 to about 15 atom percent silicon, and 0 to about 5 atom percent carbon, the balance being iron and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total or iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, imparting superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: In a steel frog for rail crossings and rail switches, the frog point or, respectively, the surface of the frog being travelled upon by the wheels consists of an age-hardening steel having the composition______________________________________ C 0.01 to 0.05% Ti 0.1 to 1% Si 0.01 to 0.2% Cr 0 to 13% Mn 0.01 to 0.2% Al 0 to 0.2% Co 0 to 15% B 0 to 0.1% Mo 1.5 to 6% Zr 0 to 0.1% Ni 7 to 20% ______________________________________The frog is manufactured such that the surface being travelled upon by the wheels is applied by build-up welding onto a base body consisting of nominal rail steel.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to improve the performance of the rolls of roughing and finishing stands of a hot strip train or mill and in particular to retard as far as possible the banding phenomenon, namely the phenomenon of the incrusting of hard oxides or scale formed at the conventional rolling temperatures.For this purpose, the roll is made, at least in the working region thereof, from a chrome steel in which the ratio between the respective contents of chromium and carbon is between 7 and 12 and in which the content of equivalent carbon is between 1.5 and 1.7%. This content of equivalent carbon is calculated as the sum of the content of carbon and the content of chromium, the latter being given a coefficient 0.05.

Abstract: A boiler tube having a double-tube structure constituted by an inner tube and an outer tube integrated with each other. The inner tube is made of an alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 3.5% of Si, not greater than 2% of Mn, 25 to 40% of Ni, 20.5 to 27% of Cr, 0.5 to 3% of Mo, not greater than 1% of Nb and the balance Fe and having a substantially fully austenite structure. The outer tube is made of an alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.2% of C, not greater than 3.5% of Si, not greater than 2% of Mn, 33 to 45% of Ni, 30 to 40% of Cr and the balance Fe and having a substantially fully austenite structure. The inner tube made of the alloy having the composition specified above exhibits a high resistance to steam oxidation without any reduction in high-temperature strength even at elevated steam temperature, while the outer tube made of the alloy having the composition specified above exhibits a superior resistance to corrosion by coal combustion gas.

Abstract: A steam turbine rotor shaft comprising the main body of the rotor shaft made of a high Cr steel of martensite structure, and a journal having a plurality of built-up welding layers formed successively said main body, the outer surface portion of the journal being made of steel containing 0.5 to 3 wt % of Cr, and a method of producing same.

Abstract: A welded structural member adapted to be subjected to a flowing fluid and comprising a base member consisting mainly of iron and a coating layer formed by a build-up welding on the surface of the base member, the coating layer having a higher erosion resistance than the base member. The coating layer contains 0.03 to 0.4 wt % of C, 0.1 to 1 wt % of Si, 0.5 to 20 wt % of Mn, 1 to 5.5 wt %, of Ni, 1 to 12 wt % of Co, 8 to 23 wt % of Cr and the balance Fe. The structure of the coating layer is mainly unstable austenite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of metal parts whose core and surface must have different characteristics.

Abstract: This invention relates to a high temperature oxidation resistant thermal barrier coating system for a nickel-, cobalt-, or iron-base alloy substrate. An inner metal bond coating contacts the substrate, and a thermal barrier coating covers the bond coating.NiCrAlR, FeCrAlR, and CoCrAlR alloys have been satisfactory as bond coating compositions where R=Y or Yb. These alloys contain, by weight, 24.9-36.7% chromium, 5.4-18.5% aluminum, and 0.05 to 1.55% yttrium or 0.05 to 0.53% ytterbium. The coatings containing ytterbium are preferred over those containing yttrium.An outer thermal barrier coating of partially stabilized zirconium oxide (zirconia) which is between 6% and 8%, by weight, of yttrium oxide (yttria) covers the bond coating. Partial stabilization provides a material with superior durability. Partially stabilized zirconia consists of mixtures of cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases.

Abstract: A roll of which surface cracks are hardly caused under the condition of repetitive heating and cooling. A roll comprises that the alloy consisting of no more than 0.10 percent by weight of carbon, 10.about.14 percent by weight of chromium, 0.1.about.1.0 percent by weight of molybdenum, 0.5.about.2.0 percent by weight of cobalt and essentially balanced iron is coated on the surface of a roll body consisting of low alloy or carbon steel by build-up welding.Therefore, build-up welding layer of the above-mentioned compositions excel in view of resistance to corrosion, and that fact is related with a long-life of a roll.

Abstract: A method for resistance welding zinc-coated steel members is described wherein at least one member comprises a copper layer intermediate the steel and the zinc coating. The copper layer melts during welding and seals fissures within the fused steel to produce a hermetic weld. The copper layer also protects exterior surfaces where the zinc coating is disrupted by the welding operation.

Abstract: A clad steel pipe excellent in corrosion resistance and low-temperature toughness, which comprises a cladding sheet of high corrosion resistant steel and a substrate sheet of low-alloy high-strength steel, the substrate sheet consisting, as the fundamental constituents, essentially of:carbon: from 0.002 to 0.050 wt. %,silicon: from 0.05 to 0.80 wt. %,manganese: from 0.80 to 2.20 wt. %,niobium: from 0.01 to 0.10 wt. %,aluminum: from 0.01 to 0.08 wt. %,nitrogen: from 0.002 to 0.008 wt. %, and,the balance being iron and incidental impurities;or, the substrate sheet further additionally containing, as the strength-improving constituents, at least one element selected from the group consisting of:copper: from 0.05 to 1.00 wt. %,nickel: from 0.05 to 3.00 wt. %,chromium: from 0.05 to 1.00 wt. %,molybdenum: from 0.03 to 0.80 wt. %,vanadium: from 0.01 to 0.10 wt. %, and,boron: from 0.0003 to 0.0030 wt.

Abstract: A boiler tube having improved high temperature strength, improved high temperature corrosion resistance, and resistivity to embrittlement during the service thereof, comprising an outer surface layer and an inner part, the outer surface layer consisting essentially, by weight, of 0.03-0.20% carbon, 1.5-4.0% silicon, 0.1-3.0% manganese, 13-25% chromium, 13-40% nickel, 0.5-3.0% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, 0.05-0.5% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium and vanadium, and the balance iron and inevitable impurities, the inner part consisting essentially, by weight, of 0.03-0.20% carbon, 0.3-1.0% silicon, 0.1-3.0% manganese, 13-25% chromium, 13-40% nickel, 0.5-3.0% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, 0.05-0.5% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium and vanadium, and the balance iron and inevitable impurities. Boron of 0.001-0.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel characterized by superior crevice and intergranular corrosion resistance. The steel consists essentially of, by weight, up to 0.08% carbon, up to 0.06% nitrogen, from 25.00 to 35.00% chromium, from 3.60 to 5.60% molybdenum, up to 2.00% manganese, up to 2.00% nickel, up to 2.00% silicon, up to 0.5% aluminum, up to 2.00% of elements from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and columbium, balance essentially iron. The sum of carbon plus nitrogen is in excess of 0.0275%. Titanium, zirconium and columbium, are in accordance with the following equation:%Ti/6+%Zr/7+%Cb/8.gtoreq.

Abstract: The invention concerns a corrugation-free rail for track-bound vehicles. In the invention, the rail comprises a metallic material in the area of the travel and/or guide surfaces of which the stress limit or yield point is above the wheel-induced compression. Preferably, the rail in the area of the travel and/or guide surfaces is composed of a non-work-hardenable material.The preferred material composition is (by weight):______________________________________ carbon 0.2 to 0.4% chromium 13 to 18% molybdenum 0.3 to 1.5% manganese 0.5 to 1.5% silicon 0.3 to 1% remainder is iron.

Abstract: A bearing having a generally flat planer surface of pearlite, and an array of microasperities of martensite on the planer surface, each microasperity including a gently sloping front surface in relation to the direction of movement of the bearing and a sharply sloping rear surface in relation to such direction of movement. A pulsed laser beam or other heat source is focussed on the bearing to produce the array with microasperities of controlled size and shape.

Abstract: Compensation is provided in a welded structure formed from dissimilar metals e.g. carbon steel and stainless steel for knife-line corrosion occurring at the interface between the dissimilar metals by making the length of the path along which knife-line corrosion is liable to occur between the metals towards the load bearing area of the weld exceed the expected extent of knife-line corrosion over the design life of the structure. The interface exposed to the corrosive environment may be displaced from the load bearing region of the weld by providing a layer of metal e.g. the weld metal over, and fused to the surface of the one of the components with which the metal of the layer forms a knife-line corrodable combination. That surface may include the surface of an appendage integral with or welded to the component.

Abstract: A composite shaped article comprising at least one reinforcing core of a heat-resistant oxide-dispersion-hardened metal or alloy and a cladding of a heat-resistant metal or alloy which is compatible with the core material, the core being wholly encapsulated within and bonded to the cladding material.A method for making the articles is provided.

Abstract: An austenitic iron-base cryogenic alloy consisting essentially of, in weight percent,______________________________________ Carbon 0.20 max. Manganese 3.5 to 7.0 Silicon 0.75 max. Chromium 13.0 to 17.0 Nickel 14.0 min. Molybdenum 1 to 3 Iron plus unavoidable impurities Balance, ______________________________________and containing no more than 2 FN delta ferrite, said alloy displaying at least 15 mils lateral expansion when impact tested by the Charpy V-notch test at -320 F. Also, a tubular composite arc welding electrode which deposits such alloy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high chromium ferritic stainless steels having improved corrosion resistance and weldability.

Abstract: A range of weld metals is disclosed that is resistant to changes in nil-ductility transition temperatures (NDTT) caused by exposure to neutron fluences greater than 1.times.10.sup.17 neutrons per square centimeter. Designed for use in nuclear reactor pressure vessels, the weldment that exhibits this resistance to neutron-induced ductility decreases is characterized by the condition that an index is less than 0.4. That index is the ratio of the sum of the weight percentages of nickel and silicon in the metal to the sum of the weight percentages in the metal of manganese, chromium and molybdenum. This constraint on the index, when applied to a weld metal within the composition ranges given in this specification, gives a weldment resistant to neutron-induced property changes.

Abstract: Austenitic stainless steel alloys containing delta ferrite, such as are used as weld deposits, are protected against the transformation of delta ferrite to sigma phase during aging by the presence of carbon plus nitrogen in a weight percent 0.015-0.030 times the volume percent ferrite present in the alloy. The formation of chi phase upon aging is controlled by controlling the Mo content.

Abstract: A composite steel material consisting of two metallically joined steel components having different chemical compositions is disclosed. The first component is a high-speed tool steel or other high alloy tool steel having a carbon activity and a hardness and wear resistance in the same order as that of high speed tool steel. The second component is a steel consisting essentially of 0.40-0.45 weight percent carbon, 0.40-1.00 weight percent silicon, 0.40-1.00 weight percent manganese, 2.5-4.0 weight percent chromium, 0.50-1.50 weight percent molybdenum, 0.20-0.45 weight percent vanadium, balance iron and normal impurities.

Abstract: A process for joining together parent parts made from wrought austenitic stainless steel without sensitization of the parent material, and the product produced by this process. Each wrought workpiece has welded thereto an appendage made from cast (not wrought) austenitic stainless steel which is equal to or better in corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, and is compatible with the solution heat treatment requirements of the parent austenitic stainless steels. The resulting workpiece is solution heat treated at in-process stages of manufacture to dissolve the carbides which have been formed in the heat affected zone created by the welding operation. Then two of said workpieces are welded together at the abutment of the appendages, there being no formation of precipitated carbides in the parent material, because the heat affected zone does not extend into the wrought parent material, but instead is restricted to the appendage which by definition is not sensitizable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a clad steel in which an extremely low carbon steel used as a base metal is bonded together with an austenite stainless steel, nickel or nickel alloy as a cladding metal by a rolling or an explosive process, and more particularly to a clad steel having superior properties in which Ti and/or Zr are added to the base metal in order to fix carbon contained therein.

Abstract: An age hardenable iron-base alloy weld deposit consisting essentially of, in weight percent,______________________________________ Carbon 0.2 maximum Manganese 1.3 maximum Silicon 1.0 maximum Phosphorus 0.02 maximum Sulfur 0.02 maximum Chromium 3 to 10 Molybdenum 9 to 13.5 Cobalt 15 to 25 Nickel 0.3 maximum Iron Balance ______________________________________Wherein the ratio of (% chromium plus % molybdenum) to (% cobalt plus % nickel) is between about 0.75 and about 1.10.

Abstract: A stainless steel welded article with excellent corrosion resistance, formability and notch toughness, such as welded tubing and the like, made from a columbium and/or titanium stabilized substantially fully ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of, in weight percent, below 0.04 carbon, below 0.04 nitrogen, the sum of the carbon and nitrogen contents being above 0.006 and below 0.07, up to 1.0 manganese, up to 1.0 silicon, 23.0 to less than 28.0 chromium, 2.00 to 4.75 nickel, 0.75 to 3.50 molybdenum, and the balance iron and incidental impurities. When carbon plus nitrogen is in the range of 0.006 to 0.04, columbium in the amount of 0.05 to 0.70 may be used alone, but the columbium content must be at lest equal to eight times the carbon plus nitrogen content. When carbon plus nitrogen is in the range of 0.02 to 0.07, titanium in the amount of 0.12 to 0.

Abstract: A weld metal deposit which is not subject to solidification cracks and which is highly wear-resistant, also to the hot wear to which hot forming tools are subjected is disclosed. The weld metal deposit consists essentially of an air-hardening alloy steel containing 0.55% to 2.0% carbon, 0.2% to 4.0% silicon, 0.2% to 3.0% manganese, 4.0% to 6.5% chromium, 2.5% to 15.0% columbium, 0% to 3.5% strong carbide formers other than columbium, 0% to 0.5% nickel, and the remainder iron with or without incidental impurities. The contents of carbon and columbium have to be in a ratio of one to another as defined by the area indicated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.

Abstract: A welded steel product having a low sensitivity to weld cracking, produced by welding a base steel material comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal, Ca, Ba, Te and Se using a welding material comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of rare earth metals, Te and Se, and having a weld metal containing at least one rare earth metal in an amount of 0.0005 to 0.10% and at least one of Te and Se in an amount not more than 0.10%.

Abstract: A flexible, low porosity airfoil skin is described which includes multilayer flexible, annealed metallic mesh members consisting of two or three such members selected from the class consisting of nickel, Monel alloy, and stainless steel, the members having a mesh size from 60 to 100, the members interlocked mechanically, and the skin having a thickness reduction in the range from 2.5 to 3.0. Such a flexible, low porosity airfoil skin is useful as a covering structure and is particularly useful as a skin or as a substrate for a cooled non-linear airfoil-shaped body, such as a turbine or compressor blade.

Abstract: An improved drive shaft assembly of uniform high strength, and a method for producing the assembly. The method includes welding a tubular shaft of an alloy steel to an end fitting such as the yoke of a universal joint or a coupling. The welded assembly is then heat treated by bringing the assembly to the austenite phase, uniform throughout the assembly, quenching the assembly in a vertical position, and thereafter tempering the assembly at a temperature uniform throughout to the desired hardness. In this manner, the non-uniform structures in the heat affected weld zone are made homogeneous, thereby producing favorable distribution of strength characteristics and residual stresses throughout the entire assembly.

Abstract: A back material of a metal band saw high in fatigue strength which consists essentially of, by weight, 0.20 - 0.33% C, up to 1.5% Si, up to 1.5% Mn, 3.5 - 6.5% Cr, 0.05 - 0.40% V, 0.05 - 0.10% Al, 0.02 - 0.30% Nb, at least one of 1.0 - 3.0% Mo and up to 4.0% W and the balance Fe and impurities, the sum of (% Mo) + 1/2 (% W) being within the range of 1.0 - 3.0%.