Abstract: The present invention provides a battery module which includes: a battery stack formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells on each other, each of which includes electrode tabs; a first case unit including a bottom section which surrounds one side of the battery stack and a pair of first sidewalls located on both sides of the battery stack in a direction in which battery cells are stacked; and a second case unit including a top section which surrounds the other side of the battery stack and a pair of second sidewalls located on both sides of the battery stack in the direction in which battery cells are stacked, wherein the first sidewall and the second sidewall are located on both sides of the battery stack in the direction in which battery cells are stacked, in a state in which at least portions thereof are overlapped with each other.

Abstract: The battery device includes an energy storage unit, a temperature sensing unit, a storage unit, and a processing unit. The processing unit calculates the internal resistance of the energy storage unit to obtain a first increment corresponding to the internal resistance, and detects the charging voltage that is charging the battery device to obtain a second increment that corresponds to the charging voltage. The processing unit detects the discharging current of the energy storage unit to obtain a third increment corresponding to the discharging current. The processing unit further reads the cycle count from the storage unit to obtain a fourth increment that corresponds to the cycle count, reads the temperature from the temperature sensing unit to obtain a fifth increment that corresponds to the temperature, and determines the swelling rate of the battery device according to the product value of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth increments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary battery pack including a plurality of cylindrical battery cells with improved cooling efficiency. The secondary battery pack includes a plurality of cylindrical battery cells having electrode terminals formed at both ends thereof; a pack case having an accommodation portion formed to accommodate the plurality of cylindrical battery cells therein and at least one exposing portion perforated from an inside to an outside thereof; at least one heat dissipation plate configured in the form of a metal plate and located at the exposing portion of the pack case so that at least a portion thereof is exposed out through the exposing portion of the pack case; and a heat transfer pad having a thermally conductive material in a solid state and interposed between the plurality of cylindrical battery cells and the heat dissipation plate.

Abstract: A battery module including a battery cell assembly having at least one battery cell, a module case accommodating the battery cell assembly and including a first cover plate covering a first side of the battery cell assembly and a second cover plate covering a second side of the battery cell assembly, the second side being different from the first side, and at least one bolting member integrally fastened through the first cover plate and the second cover plate of the module case, wherein each bolting member includes a first portion fastened to the first cover plate and a second portion fastened to the second cover plate, the first and second portions of each bolting member have different diameters.

Abstract: A battery case is provided. The battery case includes a first fin and a second fin, wherein the first fin is stacked substantially parallel to the second fin. The first fin is separated from the second fin by an airgap. The battery case includes one or more battery cell packs, each of the one or more battery cell packs are disposed through an orifice on each the first fin and the second fin.

Abstract: A molded housing of a conformal wearable battery (CWB) encloses an electronic component and include an electrically conductive contact component embedded within an exterior wall to conduct electricity between an interior and an exterior of the casing. A flexible printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) for a conformal wearable battery (CWB) is enclosed in a cavity within the molded housing and includes attachment sections for a plurality of battery cells that are arranged in a grid-like pattern on a same side of the flexible PCBA. A visco-elastic shock-absorbing member installed between the upper and lower portion of the flexible PCBA when configured in a folded configuration. Each battery cell is joined to the flexible PCBA via a welding process. Each battery cell has a visco-elastic shock-absorbing member attached individually to each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) for a conformal wearable battery (CBB) includes attachment sections for a plurality of battery cells that are arranged in a grid-like pattern on a same side of the flexible PCBA. The flexible PCBA is configured to fold along a bend axis so that the flexible PCBA is folded approximately in half. To reduce mechanical stresses placed on the flexible PCBA when folding the flexible PCBA along the bend axis, the flexible PCBA includes a plurality of cut-outs dispersed along the bend axis and parallel to adjacent battery cells. The CWB is configured to flex during use. The flexible PCBA includes a plurality of cut-outs disposed perpendicular to the bend axis, between adjacent rows of battery cells, and on the bend axis to relieve mechanical stresses applied to a bent portion of the flexible PCBA when the CWB is flexed during use.

Abstract: An air-zinc battery assembly includes a first air-zinc battery module that has a first coupling portion which is embossed or engraved, one or more second air-zinc battery modules that has a second coupling portion which is embossed or engraved so as to be fastened in engagement with the first coupling portion, and a third coupling portion which is embossed or engraved, and a power draw module that has a fourth coupling portion which is embossed or engraved so as to be fastened in engagement with the third coupling portion.

Abstract: An energy storage arrangement includes an energy storage receptacle which has multiple cup-shaped receiving compartments and energy storages respective positive and a negative electrode and being received in the receiving compartments, wherein one of the electrodes of each of the energy storages is in electrically conductive contact with the receiving compartment that receives the respective energy storage and the electrodes of all energy storages that are in contact with the energy storage receptacle are electrically conductively connected via the energy storage receptacle.

Abstract: The invention primarily relates to a cell (1) for storing power, which is to be integrated in an electrical module for assembling a power storage system, having a first surface (1a; 1c) and a second surface (1b; 1d), characterised in that the cell (1) comprises at least one male element (5; 5a, 5b, 5c) on one of the first (1a; 1c) and second (1b; 1d) surfaces thereof, and at least one female element (6; 6a, 6b, 6c) on the other of the first (1a; 1c) and second (1b; 1d) surfaces thereof, which elements are shaped such as to be fitted into one another such that the cell (1) is configured such as to be assembled to another cell (1) of the same type, in that at least one male element (5; 5a, 5b, 5c) comprises at least one electrical connection interface having positive polarity (8; 8a, 8b, 8c) and in that at least one female element (6; 6a, 6b, 6c) comprises at least one electrical connection interface having negative polarity (9; 9a, 9b), or conversely such that the cell (1) is configured such as to be electrica

Abstract: A battery module includes a battery module housing that defines an interior space. The battery module housing includes at least one interior wall that segregates the interior space into at least two cavities. The battery module housing and the at least one interior wall are formed of a flexible laminate material, and an electrochemical cell is disposed in one of the at least two cavities. The cell may include a housing formed of a flexible laminate material, or alternatively may be housing-free.

Abstract: A method of assembling a rechargeable battery is disclosed. The method includes inserting rechargeable energy storage cells into a battery housing, the battery housing having a base portion, a side portion extending from the base portion, and an aperture defined by the side portion, wherein the rechargeable energy storage cells are inserted into the battery housing through the aperture; installing an insulator on the rechargeable energy storage cells; and securing a housing cover to the battery housing such that the insulator and the rechargeable energy storage cells are maintained in compression between the housing cover and the housing base portion. Also disclosed is a rechargeable battery including a battery housing, a housing cover, a plurality of rechargeable energy storage cells disposed within the battery housing, and an insulator disposed between the rechargeable energy storage cells and the housing cover and maintained in compression.

Abstract: An assembled battery has a battery block configured by stacking a plurality of single batteries, and fixing components fixing the plurality of the single batteries. The fixing components include a pair of end plates disposed at both ends in a stacked direction of the plurality of the single batteries, and a metal band making the plurality of the single batteries in a compressed state by coupling end parts of the pair of the end plates each other. Each of the pair of the end plates has a peripheral part and a central part. The pair of the end plates respectively contact both end single batteries located at both ends in the stacked direction at the peripheral parts, and are respectively separated from both end single batteries at the central parts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a plate-shaped heat exchanger for batteries or converters for generating electricity, to a plate-shaped heat exchanger for batteries or converters for generating electricity, and to an assembly of plate-shaped heat exchangers and converter or battery cells. A plate-shaped heat exchanger includes two frame parts, which peripherally surround one profiled heat-conducting element each, wherein the profiles of the profiled heat-conducting elements form channels in the connected state of the frame parts, through which channels a fluid can be conducted. In the connected state, the frame parts form at least two supply channels for feeding and leading away of fluid, from which supply channels openings extend to the channels of the profiled heat-conducting elements. The frame parts have at least one connection for the feeding and leading away of fluid for each supply channel, which connection can be connected to a connection of a frame part of a further heat exchanger.

Abstract: A battery module includes a first battery stack, a second battery stack, a first bracket, and a second bracket. The first and second battery stacks each have a plurality of rechargeable batteries. The first battery stack has an end adjacent to the second battery stack, and the second battery stack has an end adjacent to the first battery stack. The first bracket is provided at the end of the first battery stack. The second bracket is provided at the end of the second battery stack and has the same shape as the first bracket. Each of the first bracket and the second bracket has insertion protrusions and receiving recesses that are alternately arranged. One of the insertion protrusions of the second bracket is inserted into the receiving recess formed between adjacent two of the insertion protrusions of the first bracket.

Abstract: A method includes: assembling a thermal-exchange tube in a module housing for an energy storage pack; assembling cells in the module housing, wherein the thermal-exchange tube runs between rows of the cells; applying an adhesive that affixes the cells and the thermal-exchange tube to the module housing; curing a first portion of the adhesive by radiation, wherein a second portion of the adhesive is shielded from the radiation by the cells or the thermal-exchange tube; and curing at least the second portion of the adhesive by a chemical cure mechanism.

Abstract: A battery has a casing holding plural cells and a mesh wrapped around the cells to contain pieces of an exploding cell within the casing. To prevent overpressurization of the casing from the gas emitted by an exploding cell, a pressure relief feature is provided that allows gas to pass through battery casing.

Abstract: A battery integration module or pack includes a first positioning plate for positioning the multiple single batteries in formation for integration at one end of the battery formation, a second positioning plate for positioning the multiple single batteries in formation for integration at the opposite end of the battery formation, the first and second plates aligned together over the formation of batteries to form a battery holder frame, a first printed circuit board (PCB) mounted to the outside surface of the first positioning plate, and a second printed circuit board (PCB) mounted to the outside surface of the second positioning plate. The first and or second printed circuit boards include conductive contact surfaces accessible to the battery terminals of the multiple single batteries in formation wherein contact between the contact surfaces of the printed circuit boards and the battery terminals is mitigated by intermediate conductive components.

Abstract: A battery comprises a carrier foil, with solid state battery elements spaced along the foil and mounted on opposite sides of the foil in pairs, with the battery elements of a pair mounted at the same position along the foil. The carrier foil is folded to define a meander pattern with battery element pairs that are adjacent each other along the foil arranged back to back.

Abstract: A battery module including a plurality of unit battery cells stacked in a first direction; a pair of end plates spaced from each other in the first direction and accommodating the unit battery cells therebetween; an elastic frame below the unit battery cells, the elastic frame extending in the first direction and the elastic frame having the capability of being elastically biased in a second direction.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium ion button cell battery having a sealed housing comprises an inner casing and an outer casing, both casings have at least one flat area as top or bottom of the battery, and a round or oval side wall vertically formed to the flat area. Said side walls are single wall not folded double walls. An insulation gasket is positioned between said side walls, and the outer casing opening is mechanically crimped to complete the seal of the battery. Inside the sealed housing the anode & cathode electrodes are spiral wound with separator to be a round or oval roll. Said roll axis is vertical to the said flat areas of the casings. The two electrodes are tapered in width and comprise current collectors of metal foils coated with lithium-intercalating active materials, leaving small area of uncoated metal foils as welding tabs for connecting to the casings.

Abstract: A battery housing is comprised of a unitary, seamless base member having a generally planar, quadrilateral bottom face with a side wall extending therefrom. The length dimension of the bottom face is at least twice the height of the side wall. The base member has an open top face. The housing includes a cover which closes the open top face and is engageable with the side wall of the base. An electrically resistive sealing gasket is configured to contact the cover member and the side wall so as to provide a fluid-tight seal. The components are mechanically interlocked by crimping or hemming. The housing is specifically configured to accommodate stacking of individual batteries into power assemblies, and the geometry of the housing optimizes thermal management. Further disclosed are batteries and battery assemblies including the housing.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of unit batteries disposed in a spacer and connected via electrode tabs in a case so as to facilitate assembly of the battery pack and to prevent movement of the unit batteries when the battery pack is used, thereby increasing performance and efficiency of manufacture of the battery pack.

Abstract: A battery matrix provided with a plurality of battery cells; each of the battery cells provided with a positive terminal and a negative terminal. A positive trace grid and a negative trace grid, each provided as a conductive mesh with an array of apertures forming a plurality of alternative conductive paths across each of the positive and negative trace grids. Each of the battery cells coupled at the positive terminal to a positive trace pad of the positive trace grid and at the negative terminal to a negative trace pad of the negative trace grid. Alternatively, an intermediate trace grid may be introduced so that successive rows of the battery cells are coupled electrically in series with one another.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery cell. The lithium ion battery cell includes a lithium-based anode, a cathode, and a solid-state electrolyte positioned between the lithium-based anode and the cathode. The cathode comprises alkylammonium cation lithium phthalocyanine anion complex. The solid-state electrolyte comprises an alkoxyalkylammonium cation lithium phthalocyanine anion complex.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of six-sided first batteries arranged so that first surfaces of neighboring ones of the first batteries contact each other, and a second battery including a surface that extends in a direction in which the first batteries are arranged, and that contacts second surfaces of the first batteries, wherein the first surfaces of the first batteries have a larger surface area than the second surfaces of the first batteries.

Abstract: Provided are a battery cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a battery module including the same. According to the present invention, first and second electrode taps are formed at both sides of a case so as to be closely adhered thereto, respectively, such that the battery cell may be easily manufactured and the battery module may be easily formed by stacking.

Abstract: There are provided a rechargeable battery pack, which, upon connecting a plurality of rechargeable battery cells, forms a strong binding force between the cells and reduces the volume of the cells, and a connection tab used for the same. A rechargeable battery pack comprises: a first unit cell and a second unit cell connected in series/parallel to form a core pack and formed as a rechargeable battery; and a connection tab connected to the case of the first unit cell to protrude to the opposite side of the case, coupled to a cap plate protruding from the second unit cell toward the first unit cell, and connected to a protection circuit.

Abstract: A valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery having a plurality of stacked, interconnected spiral-wound cells. Each cell has a length (L) less than a diameter (D) and each cell has a non-conductive case containing spiral-wound positive and negative plates, a separator between the plates, an acidic electrolyte, and a positive post and a negative post disposed through the case for electrical connection to an adjacent cell in series.

Abstract: An electric storage device includes a first connection plate, a second connection plate, a fastening member, and a plurality of storage modules. The plurality of storage modules are provided between the first connection plate and the second connection plate in a stacking direction. Each of the plurality of storage modules includes a plurality of rectangular storage cells stacked in the stacking direction to provide a stack of storage cells. The plurality of storage modules are arranged next to each other in a direction that crosses the stacking direction. The plurality of storage modules are clamped between the first connection plate and the second connection plate and fastened together by the fastening member. At least one of the first connection plate and the second connection plate is fastened to the plurality of storage modules in the stacking direction by the fastening member.

Abstract: A battery module 8 containing parallel blocks 9 connected to a protection circuit via a lead plate 2, wherein the parallel blocks 9 are welded to both sides of the lead plate without bending the lead plate 2 into a U shape. Thus it is possible to reduce the length of the lead plate 2 and suppress a voltage drop on the lead plate 2. Further, since the lead plate 2 is not bent into a U shape, the assembling accuracy of the battery module is improved and the battery module is easily packaged with a small size.

Abstract: An electrode assembly and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The electrode assembly includes an electrode stack including at least one anode, at least one cathode, and at least one separation film and a plurality of cathode tabs and a plurality of anode tabs for electrically connecting the electrode stack. In this case, the electrode tabs are arranged to allow the electrode tabs having the same polarity to be electrically connected to one another while a portion of the electrode tabs having the same polarity are arranged so as not to overlap one another on the same plane.

Abstract: An automobile cell is provided with an electric power generating element composed of a positive electrode having a positive electrode active substance layer, a negative electrode having a negative electrode active substance layer and a separator interposed between the electrodes, a cell outer sheath made of a laminate film compositely composed of polymer and metal, a positive electrode terminal lead electrically conductive with the positive electrode and extending to an outside of the cell outer sheath, and a negative electrode terminal lead electrically conductive with the negative electrode and extending to the outside of the cell outer sheath.

Abstract: A battery module is provided with a battery cell and a case. The case houses the battery cell. The case includes a first main face, a second main face, a first battery module coupling structure and a first elastically deforming structure. The first battery module coupling structure is arranged and configured to retain a first additional battery module over the first main face. The first elastically deforming structure is arranged and configured with respect to the first main face to elastically deform inward towards the second main face upon stacking the first additional battery module onto the first main face while the first additional battery module is retained to the first main face of the case by the first battery module coupling structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery module having a plurality of plate-shaped battery cells which are sequentially stacked, wherein the battery module is configured in a structure in which two or more battery cell units are connected in series to each other in a state in which the battery cell units are stacked, each of the battery cell units is configured in a structure in which two or more battery cells are connected in parallel to each other in a state in which the battery cells are in tight contact with each other, the battery cells being mounted in housings, and external input and output terminals, i.e., a module cathode terminal and a module anode terminal, of the battery module are located at the same side or opposite sides of the battery module depending upon the number of the battery cell units constituting the battery module.

Abstract: A power storage apparatus includes a plurality of power storage elements aligned in one direction; and a pair of restraint members placed at both ends of the plurality of power storage elements in an alignment direction in which the elements are aligned, the restraint members configured to give a restraint force to the plurality of power storage elements. At least one restraint member of the pair of restraint members includes, a protruding portion protruding toward the power storage element adjacent to the restraint member, an end of the protruding portion being in contact with the adjacent power storage element to form a space between the restraint member and the adjacent power storage element; and a shield portion protruding in the alignment direction and preventing a heat exchange medium for use in temperature adjustment of the power storage element from entering into the space.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a middle or large-sized battery module having secondary batteries or unit modules, each of which has two or more secondary batteries mounted therein, stacked in a state in which the secondary batteries or the unit modules are erected vertically, the battery module including a base plate on which the secondary batteries or the unit modules are stacked in a vertically erected state, a pair of end plates disposed in tight contact with outer sides of the outermost unit modules or the outermost unit modules in a state in which the bottom of each of the end plates is fixed to the base plate, and supporting bars connected between opposite sides of upper parts or side parts of the end plates so as to interconnect and support the end plates, wherein the base plate is provided at opposite sides thereof with a pair of upward protrusions extending in a longitudinal direction of the base plate to prevent the base plate from being deformed due to vertical vibration and to disperse pressure (load), and o

Abstract: A battery having a plurality of cell pairs arranged in an array is disclosed. The cells pairs are coupled longitudinally. Sense leads are provided on the ends of cell pairs to obviate providing a sense lead proximate the junction of the cell pair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an energy storage module for an apparatus for supplying voltage of a motor vehicle, wherein the energy storage module comprises a plurality of prismatic storage cells which are stacked in at least one row, are arranged one behind the other and are braced between at least two end plates by means of at least one tie rod, wherein at least one of the end plates has a layer structure comprising at least three successive layers, wherein two outer layers surround at least one inner layer, and wherein the inner layer has a wavy and/or diffuse structure.

Abstract: A car battery with waterproofness, fireproothess, shockproofness and explosion-proofness is provided, which includes a plurality of Li—Fe batteries, at least one carrier, an electrical module and a package. The Li—Fe batteries are installed in the carrier, and the electrical module is connected to each of the Li—Fe batteries. The package wraps the Li—Fe batteries, the at least one carrier and the electrical module in a vacuum environment. A method for manufacturing a car battery is also provided. As such, the package is made of thermally conductive plastic, such that the car battery can be waterproof, fireproof, shockproof, and explosion-proof, and assured to provide good safety and stability when being used.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes: a battery cell stack obtained by stacking a plurality of battery cells; and a cover case surrounding an outside of the battery cell stack, in which a resin is poured between the battery cell stack and the cover case, achieving a waterproof structure of making the battery cell stack waterproof. This allows prevention of water entering from an outside, thereby preventing unintentional electric conduction or corrosion. A gap between the battery cell stack and the cover case is also eliminated to prevent the harmful influence on the battery cell stack due to condensation inside the cover case.

Abstract: An electrochemical energy store, including, for example, a battery or a rechargeable battery, having a first electrochemical unit having a first anode, a first cathode, and a first power terminal, which is electrically conductively connected to the first cathode, a second electrochemical unit having a second anode, a second cathode, and a second power terminal, which is electrically conductively connected to the second anode, and having a housing having a first housed area, in which the first electrochemical unit is situated, a second housed area, in which the second electrochemical unit is situated, and a partition wall, which separates the first housed area from the second housed area. The anode of the first electrochemical unit is electrically conductively connected to the cathode of the second electrochemical unit.

Abstract: A battery matrix provided with a plurality of battery cells; each of the battery cells provided with a positive terminal and a negative terminal. A positive trace grid and a negative trace grid, each provided as a conductive mesh with an array of apertures forming a plurality of alternative conductive paths across each of the positive and negative trace grids. Each of the battery cells coupled at the positive terminal to a positive trace pad of the positive trace grid and at the negative terminal to a negative trace pad of the negative trace grid. Alternatively, an intermediate trace grid may be introduced so that successive rows of the battery cells are coupled electrically in series with one another.

Abstract: A battery housing is comprised of a unitary, seamless base member having a generally planar, quadrilateral bottom face with a side wall extending therefrom. The length dimension of the bottom face is at least twice the height of the side wall. The base member has an open top face. The housing includes a cover which closes the open top face and is engageable with the side wall of the base. An electrically resistive sealing gasket is configured to contact the cover member and the side wall so as to provide a fluid-tight seal. The components are mechanically interlocked by crimping or hemming. The housing is specifically configured to accommodate stacking of individual batteries into power assemblies, and the geometry of the housing optimizes thermal management. Further disclosed are batteries and battery assemblies including the housing.

Abstract: The film-covered electrical device of the present invention includes covered portion (S1) where a portion of covering film (6) is folded to cover end surface (5d) of covering film (5) through which metal layer (5b) is exposed, non-covered portion (S2) where end surface (5d) of covering film (5) is not covered with folded covering film (6), sealing portion (8) (a first sealing portion) produced by thermally fusing thermally-fusible resin layer (6c) of covering film (6) and thermally-fusible resin layer (5c) of covering film (5), and portion B (a second sealing portion) produced by thermally fusing protective layer (5a) of covering film (5) and thermally-fusible resin layer (6c) of covering film (6), wherein sealing portion (8) (the first sealing portion and non-covered portion (S2)) is provided with a safety valve for releasing internal gas when a rise in internal pressure occurs.

Abstract: A sealed rectangular battery excellent in volumetric efficiency and pressure resistance is provided. The sealed rectangular battery includes an electrode group having a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a cell casing for accommodating therein the electrode group and an electrolyte solution, which casing includes a rectangular frame member, a first lid member and a second lid member. Each of the first and second lid members includes a body portion for covering one of the openings of the frame member, and a side portion formed so as to protrude from the body portion substantially along at least one set of sides opposite to each other.

Abstract: A single cell and a power battery pack comprising the same are provided. The single cell comprises: a shell; a cover board sealing an open end of the shell; an electrode core disposed inside the shell; an electrode terminal extending through the cover board, the electrode terminal comprising a first end portion connected with the electrode core inside the shell, a second end portion protruding outside the shell, and a middle portion between the first end portion and the second end portion; and an insulating member disposed between the electrode terminal and the cover board for insulating the electrode terminal; wherein each of the first end portion and the second end portion comprises a plurality of flexible conductive members.

Abstract: A battery module comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in a stacked configuration, each of the battery cells including a first terminal disposed on a first end of the battery cell and a second terminal disposed on a second end of the battery cell, wherein the first terminal of at least one of the battery cells is in direct electrical communication with the second terminal of another non-adjacent one of the battery cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high-voltage battery with an integrated connector. The high-voltage battery includes cells, support members, a housing, the integrated connector and a BMS. A lower connection member is provided on one side of each support member and has protrusions made of electrical conductors. The protrusions come into contact with corresponding electrodes of the cells. A cell assembly formed by the arrangement of the cells and the supports is inserted into the housing. The integrated connector is connected to the lower connection members of the support members so as to mechanically and electrically connect the cells to each other.

Abstract: A casing for a lithium bipolar electrochemical battery including a bipolar element. The casing includes a composite material including a matrix and at least one porous reinforcement, the matrix of which includes at least one hardened polymer impregnating the at least one porous reinforcement, wherein the at least one porous reinforcement and the at least one hardened polymer encase the bipolar element and maintain a determined pressure on either side of the bipolar element to maintain a determined contact between its constituents.