Abstract: A manufacturing method of a supported platinum catalyst, includes: generating a platinum group salt solution using platinum group salts and a complexing agent; mixing the platinum group salt solution and a carbon powder dispersion in which carbon powder is dispersed; and adding a reducing agent to a mixed solution of the platinum group salt solution and the carbon powder dispersion, and reducing the platinum group salts to allow the platinum group particles to be supported on the carbon powder.

Abstract: A system includes a first mating component formed from a self-passivating transition metal to supply power. The self-passivating transition metal has a property of forming a non-conductive passivation layer when immersed in water. A second mating component formed from a self-passivating transition metal provides a return path for the power and forms the non-conductive passivation layer when immersed in the water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing a nanoporous organic-inorganic hybrid film. The method includes preparing an organic sol including a compound having amino groups, a compound having isocyanate groups, and a solvent; adding an inorganic oxide precursor to the organic sol to form a mixed solution; and subjecting the mixed solution to heat treatment to form an organic molecule network structure in which the organic sol is gelled, and an inorganic molecule network structure located along a surface of the organic molecule network structure.

Abstract: An example fuel cell assembly includes a plate having channels configured to facilitate movement of a fuel cell fluid near an area of active flow of fuel cell. The channels include portions having a varying depth that extend laterally outside of the area of active flow.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive ink including a conductive material and at least one benzoxazine-based compound. The conductive ink of the present invention can be easily formed into a thin film, is highly conductive after sintering, and has superior adhesion to various substrates. In addition, the use of the conductive ink according to the present invention facilitates the formation of a glossy, mirror-like metal thin film with high reflectance.

Abstract: Provided is a sheet press molding method by which a molded product having a small plate thickness deviation is obtained. Such a sheet press molding method is provided with a process in which a molded product (30) having a recess and protrusion pattern portion (32), to which a recess and protrusion pattern (3) is transferred, is formed by pressurizing a sheet-shaped material (20) including 60 vol. % to 95 vol.

Abstract: Inorganic polymers are produced from silicate (—Si—O—) and/or phosphonate (—P—O—) bonds, commonly found in rocks and glass, to create new polymeric materials for rubbers, fibers, and plastics. These inorganic polymers have various advantages over organic counterparts including abundance on the earth's crust, and properties including nonflammability, low toxicity, recyclability, and excellent thermal and chemical resistance.

Abstract: According to an illustrative embodiment, a method of making a fuel cell component includes removing material from a first plurality of locations along at least one surface on a plate to simultaneously establish a plurality of first channels on the surface. Each first channel has a length between a first end near a first edge of the surface and a second end spaced from a second, opposite edge of the surface. Material is also removed from a second plurality of locations along the surface to simultaneously establish a plurality of second channels on the surface. Each second channel has a length beginning at a first end spaced from the first edge and a second end near the second edge. Material is also removed from the surface near the first ends of at least some of the first channels to simultaneously establish an inlet portion for directing a fluid into the corresponding first channels.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane is provided. The ion exchange membrane includes a reaction product of a polymer and a cross-linking reagent. The polymer includes a first repeat unit, and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is and, the second repeat unit is wherein R+ is A? is F?, Cl?, Br?, I?, OH?, HCO3?, HSO4?, SbF6?, BF4?, H2PO4?, H2PO3?, or H2PO2?; X is CH2iYCH2j, i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—; R1 is independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, the cross-linking reagent is a compound having at least two imide groups.

Abstract: Hydrogen energy systems for obtaining hydrogen gas from a solid storage medium using controlled photon and phonon sources. Additionally, structures of solid storage mediums, enhancements to interactions in the medium with photons and phonons, and manufacturing methods of the mediums are disclosed. Also disclosed are systems for charging/recharging magnesium with hydrogen to obtain magnesium hydride. Other relatively safe systems assisting storage, transport and use (as in vehicles) of such solid storage mediums are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel synthesis method for forming superacid functional molecules that include monomers, as well as new polymers and copolymers formed from the monomers, and uses for these superacid molecules, polymers, and copolymers. The superacid molecules have an alpha, alpha-difluorosulfonic acid functionality that can be obtained by a reaction between various Grignard reagents and an alkyl(2-fluorosulfonyl)-1,1-difluoroacetate, such as methyl (2-fluorosulfonyl-1,1-difluoroacetate. The molecules, polymers and copolymers would be expected to have enhanced ion conductivity, and would be useful in a variety of applications, including as ion-conductive materials, surfactants, and ion exchange resins.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for extracting a state machine representation of a digital logic superconductive circuit from an alphanumeric representation of the circuit. The alphanumeric representation typically specifies circuit components including inductive elements, their interconnectivity and input and output nodes. The method according to the invention comprising the steps of simulating the circuit in a suitable software environment utilizing the alphanumeric representation; identifying inductive loops in the circuit; identifying inductive loops in the circuit capable of storing one or more magnetic fluxons and discarding all others; and extracting the state machine representation, using only the inductive loops in the circuit capable of storing magnetic fluxons.

Abstract: A method is provided to fabricate an electrolyte membrane. The membrane has an asymmetric structure and is a polybenzimidazole membrane doped with phosphoric acid. The asymmetric structure comprises a dense layer and a porous layer. The content of phosphoric acid introduced into the polybenzimidazole membrane reaches 20 phosphoric acid molecules per polymer repeating unit. The proton conductivity of the polybenzimidazole membrane reaches 5×10?2 siemens per centimeter (S/cm). An electrode made with the polybenzimidazole membrane can be smoothly operated in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite or a composite membrane consisting of an ionomer and of an inorganic optionally functionalized phyllosilicate. The isomer can be: (a) a cation exchange polymer; (b) an anion exchange polymer; (c) a polymer containing both anion exchanger groupings as well as cation exchanger groupings on the polymer chain; or (d) a blend consisting of (a) and (b), whereby the mixture ratio can range from 100% (a) to 100% (b). The blend can be ionically and even covalently cross-linked. The inorganic constituents can be selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates or tectosilicates.

Abstract: Photocatalytic structures having a capillary-force based electrolyte delivery system are provided. Also provided are photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic cells incorporating the structures and methods for using the cells to generate hydrogen and/or oxygen from water. The photocatalytic structures use an electrolyte-transporting strip comprising a porous network of cellulose nanofibers to transport electrolyte from a body of the electrolyte to a porous photoelectrode or a porous photocatalytic substrate via capillary force.

Abstract: A power generator includes a housing, a chemical hydride fuel block adapted to be removably placed within the housing, an air conduit disposed about the chemical hydride fuel block in the housing. The air conduit includes a fuel cell portion and a water vapor permeable, hydrogen impermeable membrane portion. The housing has an air intake opening to draw air into the housing and through the air conduit to provide oxygen to the fuel cell portion and to carry water vapor generated by the fuel cell portion past the permeable membrane portion such that water vapor passes through the membrane and causes release of hydrogen from the fuel block.

Abstract: A process including coating a fuel cell component with an aqueous solution including a polyelectrolyte polymer.

Abstract: The gas distribution element for a fuel cell or an electrolyzing device including a first layer and a second layer, the first and second layers are disposed with a gas distribution structure forming a pattern for a fluid flow of a first reactant fluid. The second layer is a homogenizing element, which has first apertures, wherein at least some of the first apertures have a length and a width, with the length being greater than the width and the length extending in a transverse direction to the main direction of fluid flow.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon structure electrode for redox flow batteries, which includes a plurality of spherical macropores formed on a surface of a polymer-derived carbon structure and inside the polymer-derived carbon structure so as to allow electrolyte migration. The carbon structure electrode for redox flow batteries has excellent electrical conductivity and enables cost reduction through a simplified preparation process.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with enhanced current density or power density is fabricated using high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM). The MEA can be utilized in high temperature PEM fuel cell applications. More specifically, the MEA is modified with the addition of one or more of selected materials to its catalyst layer to enhance the rates of the fuel cell reactions and thus attain dramatic increases of the power output of the MEA in the fuel cell. The MEA has application to other electro-chemical devices, including an electrolyzer, a compressor, or a generator, purifier, and concentrator of hydrogen and oxygen using HT PEM MEAs.

Abstract: A fuel cell separator plate is provided. The fuel cell separator plate includes at least one groove formed in a face of the separator plate so as to feed reactant gas to a membrane electrode assembly applied against the face of the separator plate, the groove comprising an inlet section and an outlet section. The fuel cell separator plate also includes injection means configured so as to inject gas into at least one intermediate section of the groove, situated between the inlet section and the outlet section.

Abstract: A flow field plate for fuel cell applications includes a metal with a carbon layer disposed over at least a portion of the metal plate. The carbon layer is overcoated with a titanium oxide layer to form a titanium oxide/carbon bilayer. The titanium oxide/carbon bilayer may be activated to increase hydrophilicity. The flow field plate is included in a fuel cell with a minimal increase in contact resistance. Methods for forming the flow field plates are also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments include interconnects for a fuel cell stack that includes a first support frame having a first surface that is configured to be secured to a first surface of a fuel cell. A gas flow separator section is secured to a second surface of the first support frame, opposite the first surface of the first support frame. A second support frame is secured to a second surface of a second fuel cell, opposite the first surface of the first fuel cell. The first and second support frames have a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that substantially matches the CTE of the electrolyte material of the fuel cells, and the gas flow separator section has a CTE that does not substantially match a CTE of an electrolyte material of the fuel cells.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, a method of fabricating a composite membrane includes: forming a first polymer solution from a first polymer and a second polymer solution from a second polymer, respectively, where the first polymer includes a charged polymer and the second polymer includes an uncharged polymer; electrospinning, separately and simultaneously, the first and second polymer solutions to form a dual fiber mat with first polymer fibers and second polymer fibers; and processing the dual fiber mat by softening and flowing one of the first or second polymer fibers to fill in the void space between the other of the first and second polymer fibers so as to form the composite membrane. In some embodiments, the composite membrane may be a proton exchange membrane (PEM) or an anion exchange membrane (AEM).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fuel cell, more particularly a method of manufacturing a ceramic fuel cell and in particular a method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell, is described herein. The method includes forming at least one sheet of electrolyte material, depositing anode electrode and cathode material on the electrolyte material, forming apertures through the electrolyte material, arranging the electrolyte material in a stack, dividing the electrolyte material into pieces, depositing additional electrode material on the surfaces of the pieces, and depositing additional electrode material on the surface of the apertures of the pieces in order to form a fuel cell.

Abstract: An ion conducting membrane for fuel cell applications includes an ion conducting polymer and a porphyrin-containing compound at least partially dispersed within the ion conducting polymer. The ion conducting membranes exhibit improved performance over membranes not incorporating such porphyrin-containing compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic porous substrate, a reinforced composite electrolyte membrane using the same, and a membrane-electrode assembly having the same. The ceramic porous substrate comprises: a porous polymer base; and void structures formed on the surface of the porous polymer base by linking the space of the inorganic nanoparticles using a polymer binder or a silane-based inorganic binder. The ceramic porous substrate has improved mechanical properties compared to the porous polymer substrate alone, and the void structures thereof can be controlled in various ways.

Abstract: Provided are a solid electrolyte membrane useful in achieving strong electromotive force in a fuel battery, and a fuel battery cell produced with this membrane. The solid electrolyte membrane includes a substrate made of a sheet material and having a plurality of openings penetrating the substrate in its thickness direction, and a solid electrolyte layer provided on at least one of the faces of the substrate. The fuel battery cell includes a solid electrolyte membrane having the solid electrolyte layer on one of the faces of the substrate, and a catalyst layer containing a precious metal and provided on the other of the faces of the substrate, with the solid electrolyte layer and the catalyst layer being in contact with each other in the openings of the substrate.

Abstract: A fuel cell roll good subassembly is described that includes a plurality of individual electrolyte membranes. One or more first subgaskets are attached to the individual electrolyte membranes. Each of the first subgaskets has at least one aperture and the first subgaskets are arranged so the center regions of the individual electrolyte membranes are exposed through the apertures of the first subgaskets. A second subgasket comprises a web having a plurality of apertures. The second subgasket web is attached to the one or more first subgaskets so the center regions of the individual electrolyte membranes are exposed through the apertures of the second subgasket web. The second subgasket web may have little or no adhesive on the subgasket surface facing the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: Copolymers comprising at least one recurrent unit of the following formula (I) are provided: and at least one recurrent unit of the following formula (II): wherein: R1 is an alkylene group; Z is a —PO3R3R4, R3 and R4 representing independently of each other, a hydrogen atom an alkyl group, a cation; X and Y represent, independently of each other, a halogen atom, a perfluorocarbon group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells with long lifetime, comprising two electrochemically active electrodes separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane based on polybenzoxazole-polybenzimidazole block polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of low-halogen-content polybiphenyl sulfone polymers, to the resultant polybiphenyl sulfone polymers, to polybiphenyl sulfone polymers having less than 400 ppm content of polymer-bonded halogen, to thermoplastic molding compositions comprising these polybiphenyl sulfone polymers, and to their use for the production of moldings, of fibers, of films, of membranes, or of foams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of low-chlorine-content polybiphenyl sulfone polymers, to the polybiphenyl sulfone polymers obtainable in this way, to polybiphenyl sulfone polymers with less than 800 ppm content of organically bonded chlorine, to thermoplastic molding compositions and moldings, fibers, films, membranes, or foams comprising the polybiphenyl sulfone polymers mentioned, and also to their use for the production of moldings, of fibers, of films, of membranes, or of foams.

Abstract: A multilayer polyelectrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications includes a first perfluorocyclobutyl-containing layer that includes a polymer having perfluorocyclobutyl moieties. The first layer is characteristically planar having a first major side and a second major side over which additional layers are disposed. The membrane also includes a first PFSA layer disposed over the first major side of the first layer and a second PFSA layer disposed over the second major side of the first layer.

Abstract: Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cell polymer electrolyte membranes are provided comprising bound anionic functional groups and polyvalent cations, such as Mn or Ru cations, which demonstrate increased durability. Methods of making same are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a zwitterionic-bias material for blood cell selection, being a copolymer formed by zwitterionic structural units and charged structural units wherein the zwitterionic structural unit comprises at least one positively charged moiety and one negatively charged moiety, a distance between the positively charged moiety and the negatively charged moiety is a length of 1˜5 carbon-carbon bonds, and the zwitterionic structural units and charged structural units are randomly arranged to have zwitterionic-bias.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 20 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and an anionic group; (iii) 15 to 45 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is 0.1 to 1.5. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly is provided which includes an anode; a cathode; a membrane between the anode and the cathode; and a protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer having a layer of ionomer material containing a catalyst, the layer having a porosity of between 0 and 10%, an ionomer content of between 50 and 80% vol., a catalyst content of between 10 and 50% vol., and an electrical connectivity between catalyst particles of between 35 and 75%. A configuration using a precipitation layer to prevent migration of catalyst ions is also provided.

Abstract: A multilayered membrane for use with fuel cells and related applications. The multilayered membrane includes a carrier film, at least one layer of an undoped conductive polymer electrolyte material applied onto the carrier film, and at least one layer of a conductive polymer electrolyte material applied onto the adjacent layer of polymer electrolyte material. Each layer of conductive polymer electrolyte material is doped with a plurality of nanoparticles. Each layer of undoped electrolyte material and doped electrolyte material may be applied in an alternating configuration, or alternatively, adjacent layers of doped conductive polymer electrolyte material is employed.

Abstract: Provided is a composite which is comprised of one or more ion exchange resin(s) and fluorine containing polymer fiber, wherein the fiber and the film-forming resin form a triazine-ring crosslinked structure, so that the film prepared from the composite is of good airtightness and stability, as well as high ion exchange capacity and high conductivity. The preparation method of the composite, the product prepared from this composite and the use thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A method, according to one embodiment, includes acquiring a structure having an ionically-conductive, electrically-resistive electrolyte/separator layer covering an inner or outer surface of a carbon-containing electrically-conductive hollow fiber and a catalyst along one side thereof, adding an anode that extends along at least part of a length of the structure, and adding a cathode that extends along at least part of the length of the structure, the cathode being on an opposite side of the hollow fiber as the anode.

Abstract: Provided is a composite which is comprised of one or more ion exchange resin(s) and a porous fluorine containing polymer membrane (2), wherein the porous membrane and the resin form a carbon-chain crosslinked structure, so that the film prepared from the composite is of good airtightness and stability, as well as high ion exchange capacity and high conductivity. The preparation method of the composite, the product prepared from this composite and the application thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte composition of a sulfonated block copolymer (A) having a hydrophilic segment with a sulfonic acid group and a hydrophobic segment with no sulfonic acid group, each segment having an aromatic ring is its main chain, and an aromatic polymer (B) having no sulfonic acid group with a structural unit that is identical to the structural unit contained in the hydrophobic segment of the sulfonated block copolymer is provided. The ion-exchange capacity of the composition can be in a range of 0.5 mmol/g to 2.9 mmol/g. Electrolyte membranes, membrane/electrolyte assemblies, and electrolyte fuel cells utilizing the polymer electrolyte composition are also provide.

Abstract: Proton exchange membrane compositions having high proton conductivity are provided. The proton exchange membrane composition includes a hyper-branched polymer, wherein the hyper-branched polymer has a DB (degree of branching) of more than 0.5. A polymer with high ion conductivity is distributed uniformly over the hyper-branched polymer, wherein the hyper-branched polymer has a weight ratio equal to or more than 5 wt %, based on the solid content of the proton exchange membrane composition.

Abstract: This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least about 0.075M of the said polyoxometallate.

Abstract: Provided are a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells, and a membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell including the same. More specifically, provided is a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells including a hydrocarbon-based cation exchange resin having hydrogen ion conductivity and fibrous nanoparticles having a hydrophilic group. By using the fibrous nanoparticles having a hydrophilic group in conjunction with the hydrocarbon-based cation exchange resin having hydrogen ion conductivity, it is possible to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells that exhibits improved gas barrier properties and long-term resistance, without causing deterioration in performance of fuel cells, and a fuel cell including the polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: This disclosure related to polymer electrolyte member fuel cells and components thereof.

Abstract: The invention discloses general apparatus and methods for electrochemical energy conversion and storage via a membraneless laminar flow battery. In a preferred embodiment, the battery includes a flow-through porous anode for receiving a fuel and a porous electrolyte channel for transporting an electrolyte adjacent to the porous anode; a flow-through porous cathode is provided for transporting an oxidant; and a porous dispersion blocker is disposed between the electrolyte channel and the porous cathode, which inhibits convective mixing while allowing molecular diffusion and mean flow. Pore structure properties are selected for tuning convective dispersion, conductivity or other macroscopic properties. Specific materials, reactants, fabrication methods, and operation methods are disclosed to achieve stable charge/discharge cycles and to optimize power density and energy density.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane having a structure wherein fine rubber particles having substantially no ion-conducting group and having an average particle size of 20 nm to 1 ?m are uniformly dispersed in a matrix including a resin component having ion-conducting group. The electrolyte membrane has high bonding ability to electrodes and does not cause cracks and ruptures because it is kept flexible even under low humid or absolutely dried condition, in addition, shows high ion conductivity even under low humid or absolutely dried condition because the matrix having ion-conducting groups are continuous.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte having high conductivity even under high-temperature low-humidification conditions (e.g. at a temperature of 100 to 120° C. and a humidity of 20 to 50% RH) and thereby makes it possible to realize a higher performance fuel cell. The present invention is a fluoropolymer electrolyte having an equivalent weight (EW) of not less than 250 but not more than 700 and a proton conductivity of not lower than 0.10 S/cm as measured at a temperature of 110° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH and comprising a COOZ group- or SO3Z group-containing monomer unit, wherein Z represents an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, hydrogen atom or NR1R2R3R4 in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms or hydrogen atom.