Abstract: A process for rendering hazardous materials present in multi-element waste non-hazardous, and for recovering valuable components of said waste, particularly metals, comprising contacting the waste with an aqueous solution of HX, wherein X is halogen, thereby converting metals present in the waste to the corresponding halides, and subsequently separating said metal halides from other components of the reaction mixture and from each other.

Abstract: A leakage containment system for storage batteries supported on a rack. Plural, generally rectangular pans are interconnected to each other and are each provided with at least one end wall having a recessed portion so that excess liquid in one pan may spillover into an adjacent pan before spilling over onto a floor supporting the leakage containment system. The pans may be fabricated of coated carbon steel or stainless steel. The battery rack may be constructed to allow access to remove batteries therefrom intermediate the opposite ends of the rack and selected pans may be removed from the leakage containment system to permit access to the rack for insertion of and removal of batteries with respect to the rack.

Abstract: A method for recycling a battery pack is provided that enables a degraded battery pack to be replaced at a low cost while maintaining the advantages of a conventional sealed-type nickel-metal hydride secondary battery as being free from maintenance or leak of an electrolyte. The battery pack accommodates a battery module having a plurality of cells, which are a sealed-type nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, combined with each other. When the battery pack is judged as being degraded in a market, the battery pack is collected from the market as a battery to be replaced; a cell or battery module judged as being degraded is renewed by adding an electrolyte thereto; the battery module is installed in the battery pack again; and the battery pack is supplied as a replacement battery.

Abstract: A battery spill containment system and method that contain leaks and spills from batteries. The system neutralizes and absorbs leaks and spills to prevent the spills from spreading. The system may have rails that are readily removable to permit access to batteries and to allow more batteries to be stored in a given vertical space. Another system is comprised of modular pans that are connected to each other to form a larger spill containment system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for recovering lithium cobalt oxide from spent lithium batteries. The method of recovering lithium cobalt oxide comprises the steps of: separating the cathodes from spent lithium batteries by dismantling; producing lithium cobalt oxide by reacting the cathodes with a strong alkali solution under a certain hydrothermal condition; cooling the lithium cobalt oxide to crystallize; and cleansing the synthesized lithium cobalt oxide to remove foreign objects. The apparatus for recovering lithium cobalt oxide comprises a reactor main body 300 having a sealing cap 320 on the upper section and an agitator 130; an outer reaction container 200 installed inside the reactor main body 300; and an inner reaction container 100 installed inside the outer reaction container 200. The inner reaction container 100 comprises a plurality of holes on the upper section and a separating cap 240.

Abstract: A process for rebalancing the electrolyte system in a regenerative fuel cell using a sulfide/polysulfide reaction in one half of the cell and a bromine/bromide reaction in the other half of the cell comprises passing the electrolyte containing sulfide/polysulfide or bromine/bromide through the +ve chamber of an auxiliary cell and passing an electrolyte containing water and being free from polysulfide or bromine through the ?ve chamber of the auxiliary cell the auxiliary cell operating so as to oxidize sulfide ions to sulfur or bromide ions to bromine in the +ve chamber and to reduce water to hydrogen and hydroxide ions in the ?ve chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides polymeric matrices and films comprising fixation reagents that are capable of reacting with solubilized metals to form less soluble metal compounds. The fixation reagenst may include inorganic sulfides and phosphates, as well as adsorbents. The polymeric matrices may be comprised of polyvinyl alcohols and polyvinyl acetates. In some embodiments, the polymeric matrix is selected to be at least as soluble as the selected fixation reagent, particularly under the conditions in which the matrix is expected to come into contact with the solublized metal.

Abstract: The method for reusing current collectors/distributors is employed in an electrochemical generator (1, 20) comprising a multiplicity of elementary cells (2, 21) assembled in a filter-press configuration and comprising an array of conductive sheets (3) and of current collectors/distributors (7, 22). The method of the invention provides dissembling the electrochemical generator (1) once the presence of a damaged elementary cell (2, 21) is detected. Subsequently, the method of the invention provides repairing/replacing the damaged cell for later reassembling the electrochemical generator (1, 20) reusing the original current collectors/distributors (7, 22). to achieve this, while reassembling the electrochemical generator (1, 20), a mechanical means for adapting (8, 12, 13, 14, 15) is inserted between each conducting sheet (3) and the respective current collector/distributor (7, 21).

Abstract: A color-coded battery storage system (10) for conveniently storing dry-cell batteries includes two or more battery containing packs (12, 32), wherein each pack has a rigid exterior shell (14, 34), all or a portion of which is light transmitting to permit observation of a color of a resilient insert (24, 42) within the pack. A first resilient insert (24) of a first pack (14) defines first cavities (26) that are dimensioned to receive and secure first size batteries (28), and the first insert (24) is also color-coded within the battery system to be associated exclusively with the first size batteries (26). A second pack (32) defines second cavities (44) dimensioned to receive and secure second size batteries (46), and the second cavities (44) are color-coded to be exclusively associated with the second size batteries (46) to facilitate identification and protection of stored batteries.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new method for improving capacity, average operating voltage and specific energy of a secondary lithium ion cell or battery. This method is achieved by means of properly adjusting the ratio between a positive material and negative material, which is calculated by theoretical specific energy, and properly increasing charge cut-off voltage. The present method can greatly increasing specific energy and average operating voltage of a secondary lithium ion cell without influence on recycle property of the cell. The present invention also provides a secondary lithium ion cell or battery practicing the method, a protecting circuit adapted for the secondary lithium ion cell or battery, a electronic device using said protecting circuit and said secondary lithium ion cell or battery, and a charging device for the secondary lithium ion cell or battery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing molten salts and their mixings, using an extruder. The starting materials are melted and reacted and the products of the reaction are then guided via a column with alkali salt.

Abstract: The lead sulfate (PbSO4) deposited on the surface of the positive electrode 18 or negative electrode 20 is reduced owing to the flow of the pulsating direct current from the positive electrode 18 toward the negative electrode 20 in the sullation removing step 34, while at the same time the positive electrode 18 of the lead-acid storage battery 10 is activated through the electrochemical doping in which the carbon suspension obtained by the electrolytic oxidation of the carbon positive electrode is used as at least a part of the battery electrolyte of the lead-acid storage battery 10 in the electrode activating step 40.

Abstract: A device and a method for simply and accurately evaluating performance of fuel cells have been provided. Hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas are caused to flow into a sample holder where an electrode catalyst sample is laid, and the amount of carbon monoxide gas discharged therefrom is detected. The amount of carbon monoxide gas adsorbed by the electrode catalyst sample is calculated based on the amount of supplied carbon monoxide gas and the amount of detected carbon monoxide gas. The output voltage of a fuel cell is calculated based on a correlation between calculated amounts of carbon monoxide gas adsorbed by the electrode catalyst and output voltages of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A reclamation system is used for mercury-zinc and mercury-cadmium battery disassembly. The mercury-zinc/mercury-cadmium reclamation system has a cooling station, a cracking station, a disassembly station and a shredder station. The cooling station freezes the batteries to facilitate cracking of the housing by the cracking station. The cracked batteries are then disassembled and the battery cells are shredded. The shredded cells are placed in the retort oven, for recovery of mercury. In an alternative embodiment, the reclamation system is used for silver-zinc battery disassembly. The silver-zinc reclamation system has a staging and draining station, cracking station, and disassembly station. At the staging and draining station, wet batteries are separated out and drained. The batteries are then cracked, disassembled and washed. The washed cells are placed in the retort oven, for recovery of mercury.

Abstract: In a pre-replacement process, a replacement battery module is provided with a memory effect before being dispatched, by performing at least one of the process of performing a cyclic charge/discharge operation on the replacement battery module while limiting the width of SOC change to an intermediate range, and the process of setting an initial SOC and then letting the replacement battery module stand for a predetermined time in an environment of temperature above normal temperature. This pre-replacement process substantially eliminates the difference between the voltage characteristic of the replacement battery module yet to be used and the voltage characteristic of a battery module having a history of use, thereby achieving a uniform voltage characteristic of a battery pack as a whole.

Abstract: A battery which has undergone initial charging and discharging is placed inside a sealed vessel, which is evacuated by a vacuum pump. After this evacuated state has been maintained for a while, the density of hydrogen gas within the sealed vessel is measured by a hydrogen density sensor, based on which the presence or absence of a gas escape from the battery is determined. The battery may be heated instead of subjecting it to charging and discharging.

Abstract: A composition for prolonging battery life by reducing water loss and the degradation of properties due to dendritic precipitation, is refreshingly added to a battery electrolyte. By the refreshment of the composition, battery cycle life is substantially increased while degradation of the internal battery components is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A system and method of removing an electrolyte from energy storage and conversion devices using a supercritical fluid are provided. The method includes placing a selected device in a container, adding a fluid to the container, adjusting at least one of a temperature and a pressure of the fluid in the container to form the supercritical fluid from the fluid in the container, exposing the supercritical fluid to the electrolyte, and removing the supercritical fluid from the container, wherein removal of the supercritical fluid causes removal of the electrolyte from the container.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of and an arrangement for dismantling and storage of objects comprising alkali metal containing substances, in particular lithium containing batteries, in the presence of a protective atmosphere, wherein the protective atmosphere is carbon dioxide. The arrangement comprises a gas-tight chamber for bringing the objects under a protective environment, and a gas-tight chamber for dismantling the objects within the protective atmosphere of carbon dioxide gas.

Abstract: In a gas diffusion electrode the electrolyte must penetrate the pares of the electrode structure to a certain extent to establish the optimum interface between gas and liquid electrolyte, but it should not reach the gas-side of the electrodes. The best equilibrium of the so-called three phase zone (porous current collector-reaction gas-liquid electrolyte) is achieved by adequate wetproofing the porous structure with a polymeric substance as repellency agent. The polymeric substance serves also as a binder. During operation of the electrodes, the wetproofing material may lose its hydrophobicity for various reasons and the result is a penetration into the pores structures, reducing the interface between liquid and gas, notice by a loss of performance. By adding small amounts of wetproofing agents to the gases supplied to the electrodes, the original three-phase condition is maintained, or, if it is already partially degenerated, means and methods for its re-establishment are described.

Abstract: A battery recycle system includes a vending machine for vending secondary batteries. The vending machine has therein a telecommunication terminal connected to a server provided in a secondary battery for receiving information of minimum quality of a typical used secondary battery. Upon receiving a used battery from a user, the vending machine supplies a charged battery to the user at a reduced cost corresponding to the quality of the used battery. The used battery is charged and stocked for a next user.

Abstract: This invention provides a safe and efficient method of dismantling used lithium ion batteries. More specifically, the plastic cases which protect sealed battery cells are removed from the system in a stable and reliable fashion. Valuable materials such as lithium cobalt oxide, an oxide of a lithium-transition metal compound, aluminum and copper must be separated and recovered. The invention is distinguished by the fact that it entails the following processes. In the crushing process, the batteries are chilled to a temperature of −50° C. or lower. In this state they are repeatedly subjected to vibration and pressure by a number of objects whose rigidity and specific gravity are greater than those of the plastic. In this way the batteries are separated into sealed battery cells and plastic cases. In the heating process, the sealed battery cells separated in the process are heated to a temperature of at least 200° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to separate mainly the organic materials.

Abstract: A process for recycling electrode materials from spent lithium batteries in which negative-electrode materials from the lithium/transition-metal mixed oxide class of compounds from discharged, spent lithium batteries can, after comminution of the electrode constituents, be re-synthesized into chemically identical products as employed for the production of the batteries comprising mechanical and extractive processing of these constituents with the aim of removing positive-electrode constituents and other secondary constituents, such as binders and other processing auxiliaries, followed by controlled high-temperature treatment without leaving thermal decomposition products behind.

Abstract: A method for recycling a battery pack is provided that enables a degraded battery pack to be replaced at a low cost while maintaining the advantages of a conventional sealed-type nickel-metal hydride secondary battery as being free from maintenance or leak of an electrolyte. The battery pack accommodates a battery module having a plurality of cells, which are a sealed-type nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, combined with each other. When the battery pack is judged as being degraded in a market, the battery pack is collected from the market as a battery to be replaced; a cell or battery module judged as being degraded is renewed by adding an electrolyte thereto; the battery module is installed in the battery pack again; and the battery pack is supplied as a replacement battery.

Abstract: A fuel cell separator made of conductive material and resin wherein the conducive material is recycled from waste of fuel cell separators. The fuel cell separator consisting of conductive material and resin is made by using the waste of fuel cell separator consisting of conductive material and resin. The waste of fuel cell separator is pulverized to powder and is mixed with unused resin and, if necessary, supplemental conductive material, to establish powdered material. The powdered material is molded under the predetermined molding pressure and temperature. The fuel cell separators using the recycled material are comparable to fuel cell separators made solely from new material. In another aspect, a method of producing a fuel cell separator using the recycled material is disclosed.

Abstract: A dual component antiplaque oral composition having superior foaming properties in which a first component contains a cationic antibacterial agent and the second component contains a anionic surfactant normally incompatible with the cationic antibacterial agent, the first and second components are simultaneously combined for application to the teeth, the first and second components being physically segregated prior to use, the components when mixed upon application to teeth providing substantially unimpaired antiplaque effect with superior foaming properties.

Abstract: Lithium ion cells in which the cathode contains a particulate insertion material and a binder are cut open in a dry, inert atmosphere (10). The cell components are treated with a first organic solvent (12) to dissolve the electrolyte, so that this can be reused. They are then treated with a second organic solvent (16) to dissolve the binder, and the particulate material separated (18) from the solution of binder. The insertion material is then reduced (22) so that it does not contain intercalated lithium. The reduction process may be performed electrolytically.

Abstract: A process for making a positive battery electrode material using a secondary metal. The secondary metal is preferably treated using an non-electrolytic process and formed into an active, positive battery electrode material by a precipitation reaction.

Abstract: A process for making a nickel hydroxide material without the necessity of a preamine reactor. The process includes the steps of providing a metal and forming the metal into an active positive electrode material. The process for making a nickel hydroxide material may also include one or more blending steps. The step for forming may include concurrently combining the metal with ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. The step for forming may also include a continuously stirred precipitation reaction of metal ions. In a preferred aspect of the process hereof, the metal may be a secondary nickel source, such as a spent or virgin electrolyte solution from a nickel electrorefining process, nickel electroless plating process or nickel electroplating process.

Abstract: A liquid thermosetting sealing agent for a polymer electrode membrane fuel cell having separators and a membrane electrode assembly laminated, whose the viscosity at the application is from 1,000 to 9,000 Pa.S, can be used to prepare a highly durable seal for a polymer electrode membrane fuel cell, to produce a single cell having a highly durable seal and to recover the fuel cell whose seal becomes abnormality.

Abstract: A liquid thermosetting sealing agent for a polymer electrode membrane fuel cell having separators and a membrane electrode assembly laminated, whose the viscosity at the application is from 1,000 to 9,000 Pa.S, can be used to prepare a highly durable seal for a polymer electrode membrane fuel cell, to produce a single cell having a highly durable seal and to recover the fuel cell whose seal becomes abnormality.

Abstract: A spill containment system and method that contain leaks and spills from devices including but not limited to batteries. The system neutralizes and absorbs leaks and spills to prevent the leaks and spills from spreading. The system not only detects leaks, but also indicates whether a leak has occurred. The system can communicate with personnel or devices to raise an alarm or cause corrective measures to occur. The spill containment system includes a battery rack inside a battery rack cabinet having a door. To open the door and gain access to the batteries, one of the rigid containment rails is removed such that the exposed flexible corrosion-resistant liner may be flexed to permit the opening and closing of the door.

Abstract: A mechanically rechargeable air-metal source of current having one or more non-consumable gas diffusion positive electrode(s), one or more consumable negative metal electrode(s), an electrolyte based on water solutions of salts and/or bases and a housing enclosing the positive electrode(s) and the negative electrode(s), to create an inter-electrode gap, together with the electrolyte. The current source has a first unit, comprising a first body with the negative electrode(s), together with at least one first conduit for connecting to and distributing ambient air, at least one second conduit for distributing the electrolyte, and at least one third conduit for collecting reaction products in cooperation with the first conduit and the second conduit. Further, the current source has a second unit, comprising the negative metal electrode(s) and the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrically powered device includes a shell, and a battery integrated with the shell. The electrically powered device also includes a trace, and a site adapted to receive an electrically powered component, wherein the battery, the trace and the electrically powered component form a portion of a circuit. The electrically shell may be a portion of an enclosure. The battery is formed within the shell and may be comprised of one or a plurality of deposited layers.

Abstract: A recovering process for recovering the constituent components of a sealed type battery comprising at least a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte sealed in a battery housing, characterized in that said process includes a step (a) of decreasing the ionic conductivity between said cathode and anode of said sealed type battery and a step (b) of opening said battery housing of the sealed type battery after conducting said step (a). An apparatus suitable for practicing said recovering process.

Abstract: A battery which has undergone initial charging and discharging is placed inside a sealed vessel, which is evacuated by a vacuum pump. After this evacuated state has been maintained for a while, the density of hydrogen gas within the sealed vessel is measured by a hydrogen density sensor, based on which the presence or absence of a gas escape from the battery is determined. The battery may be heated instead of subjecting it to charging and discharging.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for completely discharging a LiSO2 battery which is not prone to self-activation and which does not require special tools for activation. In the present invention, as switch is formed of a switch contact (e.g,. a spring contact) biased toward a contact pad. When the contact and contact pad meet, the discharge circuit of the complete discharge device (CDD) is activated. Under normal conditions, an elongated insulative strip projects between the switch contact and the contact pad and extends through the casing of the battery. The extension allows the strip to be pulled out from the exterior of the casing. Also under normal conditions, the portion of the strip extending through the casing is folded over and covered with a peel-off label. When it is desired to activate the complete discharge device, the peel-off label is removed to expose the end of the strip, and the strip can be withdrawn from the casing. This then allows the contact and the contact pad to touch and activate the CDD.

Abstract: A recovering process for recovering the constituent components of a sealed type batter comprising at least an a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte sealed in a battery housing, characterized in that said process includes a step (a) of decreasing the ionic conductivity between said cathode and anode of said sealed type battery and a step (b) of opening said battery housing of the sealed type battery after conducting said step (a). An apparatus suitable for practicing said recovering process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reclaiming a cathodic active material of lithium ion secondary batteries. The lithium ion secondary battery is broken and the casing and the content are separated to remove the casing from the content. The content is dissolved into a mineral acid to separate remaining non-dissolved content from the mineral acid to obtain a liquid containing the cathodic active material represented by the formula: LiMO2, where M is a transition metal element: cobalt, nickel and manganese. A lithium salt is added to the liquid, and the cathodic active material is recovered from the liquid in the form of a mixture of lithium compound and the transition metal compound, which is calcined and reclaimed into the cathodic active material.

Abstract: Deficiencies in the electrolyte level of the cells of NiCd battery can be detected by measuring the internal resistance of the cells. Initially, data is collected for a battery type and capacity, correlating measured internal resistance with the amount of water that must be added to bring the cell resistance to an acceptable value. Subsequently, cells of other batteries of the same type and capacity can be measured to determine how much water must be added and the levels quickly restored. The polarization value of the cells can be used lieu of the internal resistance in the same fashion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing contaminants from the coolant supply of a fuel cell power plant, wherein coolant which has been exhausted from the fuel cell power plant is fed to an oxidant manifold. The exhausted coolant interacts with the oxidant flowing through the oxidant manifold, thereby effectuating removal of contaminants from the exhausted coolant.

Abstract: A rotary thermal oxidizer removes polymeric and other non-metal components of exhausted batteries and cells leaving value-metals, such as cadmium, nickel, and iron behind for subsequent processing. By preheating the sweep gas to a temperature above the auto-ignition temperature of the polymers, prior to their introduction into the oxidizer, and controlling the oxygen content within the oxidizer the risks of explosion and fire associated with the pyrometallurgical recycling of the cells is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A water treatment system for a fuel cell stack, wherein a degassifier provides for interaction between an oxidant and a coolant which has circulated throughout the fuel cell stack so that dissolved gases within the circulated coolant are removed.

Abstract: Methods are presented for reclaiming active material used in formation of secondary electrochemical cells and similar electrodes. Active materials such as nickel-metal hydride are removed from cell electrodes together with the binders used to secure the active materials to the electrode substrates. Because the binders and other agents are recovered without loss or degradation, the active materials may be easily and simply reconstituted and reused to form new electrodes. The methods are particularly applicable to electrodes fabricated by deposition of active material on flexible conductive substrates. The reclamation methods include mechanical separation, such as bending and ultrasonic beating, to remove the active materials without adding other chemical agents. The removed active materials are ground and sized. Solvent is added to dissolve binders and form a reconstituted active material paste.

Abstract: A System and method is disclosed for preventing dendrite formation in a fuel cell, battery or metal recovery system. Typical metal/air fuel cell stacks comprise a plurality of cells electrically coupled together in a serial fashion. Electrolyte is typically pumped through the cells on a continuous basis using an input and output manifold device having a number of channels equal to the number of cells comprising the stack. This parallel connection causes the formation of metallic dendrites in the channels, which can short circuit the fuel cell stack or battery or metal-recovery apparatus. The system and method provides one or more dendrite elimination zones to prevent the formation of dendrites. The dendrite elimination zones are constructed within each cell or within each manifold to prevent the electrochemical reaction associated with dendrites from taking place.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a method for recovering particulate material from a component of an electrochemical cell. In another aspect, a method is provided for recovering metal oxide particulate active material. The metal oxide is effectively separated from other cell components and is rendered to a form reusable as an active material for a new electrochemical cell. In still another aspect, a method is provided for recovering lithium metal oxide particulate active material and for regenerating the lithium metal oxide active material back to its initial nominal condition usable as battery grade material in an electrochemical cell. In the latter aspect, the invention provides the capability of treating lithium-deficient metal oxide active material which has become lithium-deficient from repeated cycling in a cell. The lithium-deficient active material is characterized by a lesser lithium content as compared to its nominal initial condition before cycling in a cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of recovering lithium from a battery containing lithium such as a lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium-containing member of the battery is dissolved with an acidic liquid, and an alkaline material is added to the obtained lithium solution to transform a transition metal which may be dissolved in the lithium solution into a metal hydroxide precipitation, whereby the metal hydroxide precipitate is separated from the lithium solution. The lithium solution is then dried to obtain a solid containing the lithium, and the lithium is eluted from the solid with a non-aqueous solvent. Retrieving lithium from the lithium eluate is accomplished by use of a cation exchanger.

Abstract: A method of recycling a deteriorated nickel-hydrogen battery. Concentrated sulfuric acid containing at least one of Ni ions, Co ions and La ions is poured into the deteriorated nickel-hydrogen battery and the interior thereof is cleaned with the concentrated sulfuric acid. The state of the interior of the battery is maintained at a temperature of 60.+-.10.degree. C., and an electric current is supplied in such a direction as to charge the nickel-hydrogen battery. Then, the interior of the nickel-hydrogen battery is cleaned and filled with an alkali electrolyte containing a reducing agent. Consequently, .gamma.-NiOOH changes to .beta.-NiOOH to restore the capacity of a positive electrode, and Mm(OH).sub.3, Al(OH).sub.3, Mn(OH).sub.2 and CO(OH).sub.2 dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid to activate the surface of a negative electrode. In addition, the hydrophilic property of the separator is restored.

Abstract: The battery contains at least one electrode such as graphite that intercalates a first species from the electrolyte disposed in a first compartment such as bromine to form a thermally decomposable complex during discharge. The other electrode can also be graphite which supplies another species such as lithium to the electrolyte in a second electrode compartment. The thermally decomposable complex is stable at room temperature but decomposes at elevated temperatures such as 50.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. The electrode compartments are separated by a selective ion permeable membrane that is impermeable to the first species. Charging is effected by selectively heating the first electrode.

Abstract: An electrode plate in which electrode active material powder and an electrode mixture layer mainly composed of a thermoplastic binder are held on a conductive substrate is crushed. Then, the crushed materials are mixed with organic solvent so that a coating material made of the crushed electrode is prepared. The coating material made of the crushed electrode is applied to the surface of the conductive substrate so that an electrode is manufactured. As an alternative to this, an electrode mixture coating material made of electrode active material powder, thermoplastic resin and organic solvent is dried so that a solid electrode is obtained. Crushed materials obtained by crushing the solid electrode are mixed with organic solvent so that a coating material made of the crushed electrode is prepared. The coating material made of the crushed electrode is applied to the conductive substrate so that an electrode is manufactured.