Abstract: A resin-filled carrier for an electrophotographic developer obtained by filling resin into voids of a porous ferrite core material, wherein the porous ferrite core material has a pore volume of 0.055 to 0.16 mL/g and a peak pore size of 0.20 to 0.7 ?m, and an electrophotographic developer using this resin-filled carrier.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image, contains a binder resin having an acid value of from approximately 10 mgKOH/g to approximately 20 mgKOH/g and carbon black having a surface carboxyl group density of from approximately 2×10?6 mol/m to approximately 8×10?6 mol/m2, and is prepared in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A decolorable electrophotographic toner, containing a color former compound, a color developing agent, a binder resin, and a release agent, wherein the toner has a pH of from 6 to 9 when dispersed in water with a pH of from 5.5 to 7 at a mass ratio of toner/water of 1/10.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles and an external additive. The toner particles have a moisture content of from 0.1 mass % to 5.0 mass %, and the external additive has a volume average particle diameter of from about 70 nm to about 400 nm and an average circularity of from 0.5 to 0.9.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner which includes a latex, a colorant, and a releasing agent, wherein characteristics of the electrophotographic toner measured by using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in an attenuated total reflection mode (FT-IR-ATR), in which an incidence angle is changeable, satisfy Inequalities 1 through 3 presented herein.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including toner particles each containing a binder resin, a colorant, and a wax, and inorganic fine particles, the toner having such a characteristic that a temperature-storage elastic modulus curve at a high frequency shows a characteristic change in its behavior in a specific temperature region with respect to a temperature-storage elastic modulus curve at a low frequency.

Abstract: A toner is provided including toner particles A having a circularity of greater than 0.93 and not greater than 1.00 and toner particles B having a circularity of from 0.85 to 0.93, wherein the following relationships are satisfied: 70?RA?95, 5?RB?30, 0.014?SD?0.025, and 0.940?ED?0.950, wherein RA (% by number) represents a ratio of a number of the toner particles A to a total number of toner particles included in the toner, RB (% by number) represents a ratio of a number of the toner particles B to the total number of toner particles included in the toner, SD represents a standard deviation of circularity of the toner particles A, and ED represents an average envelope degree of the toner particles B.

Abstract: A method for producing a carrier, including a step of periodically forming and discharging liquid droplets of a carrier core composition liquid from a plurality of nozzles formed in a thin film, using a liquid droplet forming unit having the thin film and a ring-shaped vibration generating unit disposed in a deformable area of the thin film so as to be along a circumference of the area and to vibrate the thin film, a step of forming carrier core particles by solidifying the discharged liquid droplets, and a step of coating the carrier core particles with a resin layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner, includes: a block copolymer that contains: a block A that has a glass transition temperature of about 60° C. or more; and a crystalline block B that has a melting point of about 25° C. or more derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound, wherein the block copolymer satisfies the following equations (1) to (3): 30° C.?[T(0.5 MPa)?T(30 MPa)]?80° C.??(1) 60° C.?T(0.5 MPa)??(2) T(30 MPa)?80° C.??(3) wherein T(0.5 MPa) represents a temperature at which a viscosity of the block copolymer is 104 Pa·s when a pressure applied by a flow tester is 0.5 MPa; and T(30 MPa) represents a temperature at which a viscosity of the block copolymer is 104 Pa·s when a pressure applied by a flow tester is 30 MPa.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer is provided, the electrostatic image developer including: a carrier for an electrostatic image developer, the carrier including a core particle which has a plurality of projections on a surface of the core particle; and electrostatic image developing toners, wherein the electrostatic image developer satisfies following relationships of formulae (1) and (2): 0.5t<H??(1) 21/2t<L<5t??(2) wherein t represents a volume average particle diameter (?m) of the toners; H represents an average height difference (?m) in the recesses and projections of the core particle; and L represents an average distance (?m) between the projections.

Abstract: A method of preparing a toner, including periodically discharging a toner constituent liquid from plural nozzles having the same aperture diameter with a mechanical oscillator, wherein the toner constituent liquid includes: a binder resin, a colorant, and an organic solvent, wherein the binder resin and the colorant are dissolved or dispersed in the organic solvent; forming a droplet of the toner constituent liquid in a gas phase; and solidifying the droplet, wherein the aperture diameter is from 3 to 30 ?m, and the binder resin has a ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) to a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of THF (tetrahydrofuran)-soluble components therein of from 1.5 to 15 in a molecular weight distribution measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography), and a ½ flow temperature (Tm) of from 114 to 149° C.

Abstract: There is provided in one embodiment a bio-toner having a bio-resin, a second resin, and one or more colorants. The second resin has at least one of a styrene acrylate resin or a polyester resin each having at least one molecular weight peak greater than 90,000 and at least one molecular weight peak less than 15,000. The bio-resin is a polyester polymer having one or more reacted di-acid monomer units and one or more reacted diol monomer units. At least one of the reacted di-acid monomer units or at least one of the reacted diol monomer units is a bio-monomer obtained from a plant or an animal source.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magenta toner formulation that may be used in a toner printer cartridge for an electrophotographic printer. The magenta toner may include polymer resin binder containing three polymer resins with different number average molecular weight values. The concentration of such polymer resins may be selected to provide a desired temperature versus viscosity behavior for the magenta toner that may be configured to conform to the viscosity versus temperature provide for yellow, cyan and black toner.

Abstract: In a method for coating electrophotographic carrier core surfaces with a resin composition by rotating a rotator having a plurality of agitating blades on its surface in a casing; a coating treatment material that is introduced to a space defined between the rotator and the casing is in a packing of from 50% to 98% by volume; at the time of coating treatment, the electrophotographic carrier core surfaces are coat-treated with the resin composition while being put forward and put backward; and the electrophotographic carrier cores and the resin composition are, at the time of coating treatment, temperature-controlled at a specific temperature T (° C.) or below. This method enables the electrophotographic carrier core surfaces to be more uniformly coated with a coating resin.

Abstract: A resin-coated carrier is provided. A resin-coated carrier includes a carrier core and a resin coating layer formed on a surface of the carrier core. The carrier core is composed of a porous material having surface fine pores formed on a surface thereof, and has an apparent density of 1.6 to 2.0 g/cm3. The resin coating layer contains cross-linked fine resin particles. Additionally, the resin-coated carrier is configured such that a volume average particle size of the cross-linked fine resin particles contained in the resin coating layer and an area average diameter of the surface fine pores satisfy a predetermined relational expression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polycarbonate of number average molecular weight from 500 to 10000, glass transition point from 30 to 80° C. and hydroxyl group value of 30 mg KOH/g or less and the use of said polycarbonate in a urethane modified resin used as an ingredient for the production of a toner or a developer for electronic copying purposes. The present invention also relates to a urethane modified resin obtainable by the reaction of a polymer mixture comprising a polycarbonate according to any of claims 1 to 5 and a polycondensed resin of glass transition point from 10 to 60° C. and hydroxyl group value from 20 to 100 mg KOH/g with a polyfunctional isocyanate compound wherein the ratio of polycarbonate and polycondensed resin is from 20:80 to 80:20 by weight and the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the polyisocyanate compound to hydroxyl groups in the polymer mixture is between 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to toner compositions containing: toner particles made of: binder resin; colorant; and a wax which is dispersed in the toner particles, where the toner composition satisfies relationship (2): B?394?400A? when 0.950<A??0.965 (2) where A? represents an average circularity of the toner composition, B represents a content of toner particles having a particle diameter not greater than 3 ?m expressed in % by number, and a concentration of the wax at a surface of the toner particles is larger than a concentration thereof in the center of the toner particles.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic developer carrier including a carrier core material, and a coat layer containing a binder resin and conductivity-imparted microparticles which are produced by imparting conductivity to inorganic microparticles, the coat layer being formed over the carrier core material, wherein the electrophotographic developer carrier has a static resistivity of 10 [Log (?·cm)] or higher and a dynamic resistivity of 9 [Log (?)] or lower, and is used in an electrophotographic developer together with a negatively chargeable toner having an average circularity of 0.925 to 0.970, and wherein the toner includes a resin, a colorant and an inorganic layered mineral in which at least part of interlayer ions is modified with organic ions, and is granulated by dispersing and/or emulsifying an oil phase and/or a monomer phase containing at least a toner composition and/or a toner composition precursor in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: Use of a wax in a toner, such as carnauba wax, to give an increase in charge control agent in a toner, such as a magenta toner, to give an increased glass transition temperature is disclosed. The toner may contain a resin comprising amorphous and crystalline polyesters to provide good low melt characteristics.

Abstract: A toner containing a resin binder and a colorant, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester (A) having a softening point Tm(A) of from 100° to 160° C., and a polyester (B) having a softening point Tm(B) of from 80° to 120° C., the softening point of which is lower than that of the polyester (A) by 5° C. or more, each polyester obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component, wherein the polyester (A) and/or (B) is a polyester obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component consisting essentially of an aliphatic alcohol, wherein the alcohol component contains a dihydric alcohol component containing 1,2-propanediol in an amount of 65% by mol or more, and a carboxylic acid component. The toner of the present invention is usable in the development or the like of a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, or the like.

Abstract: A toner, including a colorant; a binder resin; a release agent; and a fixing supplemental component, wherein the toner has a storage elastic modulus G? (Pa) satisfying the following conditions: 5.0×104<G?<5.0×105 at 80° C. 1.0×104<G?<1.0×105 at 90° C. 5.0×103<G?<5.0×104 at 100° C. 1.0×103<G?<1.0×104 at 120° C. 1.0×103<G?<1.0×104 at 150° C.

Abstract: There is provided a toner for electrostatic charge image development, which includes a binder resin that includes a non-crystalline polyester resin and a crystalline polyester resin, and a colorant, wherein in a measurement of an acetone-soluble fraction of the toner by gel permeation chromatography, in which W1 represents the total area of an elution curve of the acetone-soluble fraction, F(0-10) represents an eluate corresponding to from the beginning of the elution to 10% elution of W1 over time, and F(80-100) represents an eluate corresponding to from 80% elution to 100% elution of W1 over time, the amount of an aliphatic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-derived component of the resins contained in the eluate F(0-10) is in the range of from about 0 mol % to about 10 mol % relative to the total amount of the acid-derived components of the resins contained in the eluate F(0-10), and the amount of the aliphatic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-derived component of the resins contained in the eluate F(80-100) is in

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including at least an image bearer; a charger charging the image bearer; an irradiator irradiating the image bearer to form an electrostatic latent image thereon; an image developer developing the electrostatic latent image with a developer comprising a toner and a carrier to form a toner image on the image bearer; a developer feeder feeding a supplemental developer including the toner and the carrier into the image developer; and a developer collector collecting the developer in the image developer, wherein the developer feeder includes a cylindrical supplemental developer container containing the supplemental developer, including a spiral developer guide race on the inner circumferential surface thereof; and a sub-hopper configured to store the supplemental developer, and wherein the carrier includes a core material; and a layer coated on the core material, including a binder resin and non-black or a non-color inorganic particulate material.

Abstract: To provide an image forming method for obtaining excellent image quality under high humidity. The image forming method including charging a surface of a latent electrostatic image bearing member, exposing the charged surface of the latent electrostatic image bearing member so as to form a latent electrostatic image, developing the latent electrostatic image using a developer so as to form a toner image, and transferring the toner image from the latent electrostatic image bearing member to a transfer medium, wherein in the developing step, a toner is used that has an interparticle adhesion force of 500 nN to 1,200 nN when pressed at 500 nN and a volume average particle diameter of 4 ?m to 8 ?m, and in the transferring step, the transfer pressure applied to the transfer medium is 20 N/m to 60 N/m, and wherein a tandem image forming apparatus is used in the image forming method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous toner. The porous toner has a porosity of greater that 20 percent. The toner can include vinyl polymers, copolymers of styrene monomers and polyesters. In addition a method of manufacture of the toner particles is provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a toner including granulating mother toner particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a slurry containing the mother toner particles and adjusting a size distribution of the mother toner particles by screening coarse mother toner particles from the slurry with a screen to obtain the toner containing mother toner particulates.

Abstract: A resin-filled carrier for an electrophotographic developer obtained by filling resin into voids of a porous ferrite core material, wherein the porous ferrite core material has a pore volume of 0.04 to 0.16 mL/g and a peak pore size of 0.9 to 2.0 ?m, and an electrophotographic developer using this resin-filled carrier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner which can be charged at a designated level even when a lot of print is carried out with severity of charging by stirring and when the printing is carried out under the low temperature-low humidity or the high temperature-high humidity condition. A toner comprising (a) a particle comprising a resin and a colorant; and (b) a titanate compound on the surface of the particle, in which the titanate compound contains iron in an amount of from 100 ppm to 1,000 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a toner which can maintain a desired function of an external additive (a function to impart charge stability and flowability to the toner) under a severe usage environment such as high temperature and high humidity (H/H), which has an excellent initial charging speed, which has stable charging ability and flowability over time, which maintains reproducibility of thin lines and is unlikely to cause a deterioration in image quality due to fog or the like even after a large number of prints are continuously printed, and which has excellent printing durability. Also, the present invention is to provide a toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising external additives, and colored resin particles comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the external additives contain external additive A and external additive B, wherein external additive A is fatty acid metal salt particles, and a content of the fatty acid metal salt particles is in the range from 0.01 to 0.

Abstract: There is provided a toner block, which is formed by preparing a toner suspension in which toner particles are dispersed in water so that a water amount is 32.5 to 37% by mass; absorbing water contained in the toner suspension by a water absorptive material which absorbs 0.2 ml of water within 3 minutes to prepare an aggregate of the toner particles containing water of not more than 32.3% by mass; and drying the aggregate, and which has a maximum compressive stress of 80000 to 550000 N/m2 upon collapse.

Abstract: Provided is a developer for replenishment capable of forming a high-quality image even upon duration. The developer for replenishment includes at least a toner and a magnetic carrier, and in the developer for replenishment, 1 part by mass of the magnetic carrier is blended with 2 to 50 parts by mass of the toner, and the magnetic carrier contains a ferrite core and a resin component, has a true specific gravity of 2.5 to 4.2 g/cm3, has a 50% particle diameter on a volume basis (D50) of 15 to 70 ?m, and has an average circularity of 0.850 to 0.950, the average circularity having a coefficient of variation of 1.0 to 10.0%.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing toner including mixing mother toner particles containing a binder resin and a coloring agent and first particles having an average primary particle diameter of from 100 nm to 1 ?m to using a mixer including a rotary shaft member, multiple stirring members provided to the surface of the shaft member, and a casing to cover the multiple stirring members, wherein the cross section of the inner periphery of the casing relative to a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the shaft member is circular around the rotation axis with a substantially constant distance between the inner periphery and the rotation axis. The casing covers the multiple stirring members and a cooling jacket is provided to at least part of the outer periphery of the casing. The weight ratio of the particles to the mother toner particles is from 1.5% to 10%.

Abstract: A system, method and device for measuring toner performance by randomly applying a toner sample having toner particles to a substrate, and positioning the substrate such that a force may be applied to individual particles of the measuring toner. A rolling resistance or rotation of the individual particles of the measuring toner is measured. The measurements may be analyzed to determine adhesion and distribution properties of individual toner particles of the measuring toner sample.

Abstract: A toner containing: a non-crystalline polyester resin; a crystalline polyester resin; a releasing agent; a graft-modified polymer; and a colorant, wherein the graft-modified polymer is a polymer having a glass transition temperature of higher than 40° C. but lower than 80° C., and obtained by grafting an acrylic resin onto at least one of a hydrocarbon wax and a crystalline polyester resin, and wherein a SP value of the non-crystalline polyester resin is defined as SP1, a SP value of the crystalline polyester resin is defined as SP2, a SP value of the releasing agent is defined as SP3, and a SP value of the graft-modified polymer is defined as SP4, and SP1, SP2, SP3 and SP4 satisfy relations represented by Formulas (1) to (3): SP1>SP4>SP2>SP3??Formula (1), 0.1<SP1?SP4<1.0??Formula (2), and 0.1<SP4?SP2<1.0??Formula (3).

Abstract: To provide a toner, containing: a crystalline polyester resin; and a non-crystalline polyester resin, wherein the crystalline polyester resin has a melting point of 60° C. to 80° C., and wherein the toner satisfies the relationship represented by the following formula: (W1?W1?)/W1<0.50, where W1 is a temperature width at a 1/3 height of a height of an endothermic peak of the crystalline polyester resin at the time of an initial temperature elevation on a DSC curve of the toner as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and W1? is a temperature width at a 1/3 height of a height of an endothermic peak of the crystalline polyester resin after the toner has been heated at 50° C. for 24 hours.

Abstract: A two-component developer containing a yellow toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein the yellow toner has the characteristics: (i) when the concentration of the yellow toner in a solution of the yellow toner in chloroform is represented by Cy (mg/ml) and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 422 nm is represented by A422, a relationship between Cy and A422 satisfies the relationship of 6.00<A422/Cy<14.40; (ii) the lightness L* and chroma C* of the yellow toner determined in a powder state satisfy the relationships of 85.0?L*?95.0 and 100.0?C*?115.0; and (iii) the absolute value for the triboelectric charge quantity of the yellow toner measured by a two-component method using the yellow toner and the magnetic carrier is 50 mC/kg or more and 120 mC/kg or less.

Abstract: The developing agent is selected to have a distribution of adhesive force to the surface of an image carrier, which is configured such that the ratio of the developing agent having an adhesive force which is not less than 2.5 times as high as an average value of a distribution of adhesive force is 3% by weight or less based on an entire weight of the developing agent.

Abstract: A non magnetic toner comprises toner particles each containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax component. The toner further comprises an inorganic fine powder. A storage elastic modulus at 110° C. (G?110) of the non magnetic toner is in a range of 2.00×104 to 2.00×105 dN/m2. A storage elastic modulus at 150° C. (G?150) of the non magnetic toner is in a range of 3.00×103 to 2.00×104 dN/m2. The toner particles are obtained by dispersing a polymerizable monomer composition containing polymerizable monomers, the colorant, the wax component and a low-molecular weight polymer into an aqueous medium, granulating the dispersed polymerizable monomer composition, and polymerizing the polymerizable monomers in granulated particles. The low-molecular weight polymer has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in a range of 2000 to 5000.

Abstract: Toner particles are provided which may, in embodiments, include a core possessing at least one polyester resin in combination with a colorant, optional wax, and optional other additives, and a shell over the core including a high molecular weight amorphous polyester resin. The high molecular weight amorphous polyester resin in the shell may prevent any crystalline polyester resin in the core from migrating to the toner surface.

Abstract: A toner including: toner particles which include: a colorant, a releasing agent, and a binder resin. The number average particle diameter of the toner particles is in the range of from 3.5 ?m to 6.5 ?m, wherein the number average particle diameter is determined by the Coulter method, the variation coefficient of the number distribution of the toner particles is in the range of 22.0 to 35.0, wherein the variation coefficient is found by dividing the standard deviation of the number distribution by the number average particle diameter, and 40% by number to 59% by number of the toner particles are 4.0 ?m to 8.0 ?m in diameter.

Abstract: To provide a toner which can achieve both low-temperature fixing performance and dot reproducibility and further can obtain images on which any density non-uniformity has been kept from coming about, the toner has toner particles, each of the toner particles has a toner base particle containing a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an inorganic fine powder; the toner having: (1) an average circularity of 0.960 or more; (2) a number-average molecular weight Mn(25° C.) of from 500 or more to 3,000 or less in measuring a tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter at 25° C. of the toner by SEC-MALLS; and (3) a value of Mn(135° C.)/Mn(25° C.) of from 25 or more to 50 or less which is the ratio of number-average molecular weight Mn(135° C.) in measuring an o-dichlorobenzene-soluble matter at 135° C. of the toner by SEC-MALLS to number-average molecular weight Mn(25° C.) in measuring a tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter at 25° C. of the toner by SEC-MALLS.

Abstract: A toner having its surface functionalized with functional groups, and processes for producing the same, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystalline resin for toners which includes a composite resin including a polycondensation-based resin component obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing an aliphatic diol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms with a carboxylic acid component containing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and a styrene-based resin component; a resin binder containing the crystalline resin and a non-crystalline resin; and a toner for electrophotography which contains the resin binder. According to the present invention, there are provided a crystalline resin for toners which is capable of producing a toner that is excellent in not only low-temperature fixing ability but also gloss of images and anti-filming property, a resin binder, and a toner for electrophotography.

Abstract: A compound that includes an aqueous dispersion, wherein the dispersion includes a thermoplastic resin and at least one stabilizing agent, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a colorant and a magnetic pigment, wherein the dispersion has an average volume diameter particle size from about 0.05 to about 10 microns is described.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner is disclosed, meeting the requirement that G? (60)/G? (80) is from 1×102 to 1×104, where G? (60) G? (80) are each a storage modulus of the toner at 60° C. and 80° C., respectively; G? (100)/G? (130) is from 1 to 102, where G? (100) and G? (130) are each a storage modulus of the toner at 100° C. and 130° C., respectively; and G? (100-130) is from 5×102 to 1×102 dyn/cm2, where G? (100-130) is a storage modulus of the toner at a temperature of from 100 to 130° C.

Abstract: In a chart of molecular weight distribution measured of a toner, i) the toner has a main peak in the region of molecular weight of 16,000 to 60,000, and ii) where the molecular weight at the main peak is represented by M1, and where the height at the molecular weight M1 is represented by H(M1), the height at a molecular weight of 4,000 by H(4000) and the height at a molecular weight of 15,000 by H(15000), the H(4000), the H(15000) and the H(M1) satisfy a specific proportion. The toner has a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 15,000 to 80,000, and, in an endothermic chart, i) the toner has an endothermic main peak in the range of 40 to 130° C., and ii) the calorimetric integral value represented by the peak area of the endothermic main peak is 10 to 35 J per 1 g of the toner.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography is provided including a binder resin, a coloring agent, a charge controlling agent, and a releasing agent, wherein when the temperature of the toner is in the range from a temperature 40° C. lower than a fixing temperature of the toner to a temperature 10° C. lower than the fixing temperature of the toner, the D Log ?*/DT absolute value is 0.02 or more, when the temperature of the toner is in the range from a temperature 10° C. lower than the fixing temperature of the toner to a temperature 10° C. higher than the fixing temperature of the toner, the D Log ?*/DT absolute value is 0.005 or less, and the complex viscosity (?*) of the toner at a fixing temperature and an angular velocity of a fixing heat roller is in the range from about 5.0×101 Pa·s to 1.0×102 Pa·s. The toner has excellent fixing properties so that the quality of an image can be stabilized, and cause less contamination.

Abstract: To provide a pulverized toner excellent in the releasing ability and cleaning ability, and an image-forming apparatus for one-component developer, and a process cartridge using the pulverized toner. The pulverized toner contains a toner base particle containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, the mass ratio of the releasing agent to the binder resin is 3.0% to 6.0%, the adhesive force among the pulverized toners at 25° C. to 55° C. is 20 g to 80 g, and the pulverized toner is used for the image-forming apparatus for one-component developer containing the cleaning unit configured to dispose an elastic blade adjacent to the surface of the image bearing member so as to clean the surface.

Abstract: A toner that includes toner base particles including a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner base particles have a surface roughness (Ra) of 18 nm to 50 nm and a standard deviation (RMS) of the surface roughness of 0.5 nm to 9.9 nm. A developer, a developing apparatus, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method can all use a developer including the toner.

Abstract: Provided is a two-component developer with which degradation of development is inhibited even in the case of prolonged use, and thereby a high quality image exhibiting high resolution and sufficient image density can be formed for a long duration. Also disclosed is a two-component developer possessing a carrier and a toner, wherein the carrier in which magnetic material powder is dispersed in a binder resin containing a phenol formaldehyde resin has a shape coefficient SF-1 of 1.0-1.2, a shape coefficient SF-2 of 1.1-2.5 and a volume-based median particle diameter of 10-100 ?m, and the toner possesses a colored particle and an external additive particle, wherein the external additive particle comprises a titanic acid compound and iron, and the iron content is 100-1,000 ppm, based on the titanic acid compound.