Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising on a support a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the light-sensitive layer contains a spectral-sensitizing dye represented by formula (1-a); a developer solution contains a developing agent represented by formula (A); and the replenishing rate of a processing solution is determined based on the proportion of an exposed area per unit area of the photographic material to perform replenishment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous concentrated solution of a photographic antifoggant. This antifoggant is 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate of sodium, and the solution contains between about 50 and 150 g/l of this antifoggant.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system for developing photosensitive resin plates with an aqueous developing solution and for disposing of a waste developing solution. In the system, a fresh developing solution is added to a developing unit in a continuous manner or at intervals of a fixed period, while a part of the resin-containing developing solution is removed from the developing unit, whereby the resin content of the developing solution in the developing unit is kept substantially constant and the disposal of the waste developing solution is carried out in parallel with the development. Also disclosed herein are apparatus used in the developing system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a device for the processing of silver halide photographic materials. The method of the invention includes accurately measuring the concentration of a developing agent in a photographic developing solution to monitor the activity of the bath and/or the need to replenish it. This measurement is carried out using spectrophotometric means.

Abstract: A method for selectively extracted species from an aqueous solution which comprises contacting the aqueous solution with a membrane capable of selectively transporting species from a liquid to another, the membrane comprising a porous polymer support having an average surface pore size less than 100 nm, coated with a continuous layer of a fluorinated polymer obtained by plasma energized chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using a plasma containing at least one fluorinated compound.

Abstract: A tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (TAAH) solution recovered from a development waste through separation therefrom of impurities such as photoresist is mixed with a surface-active substance to have the surface tension thereof adjusted to a desired one, and then reused as a rejuvenated developer. Thus, the surface-active effect (wetting properties) of the rejuvenated developer recovered from the development waste is properly adjusted and controlled, whereby fine photoresist patterns can be stably and effectively developed. Usable surface-active substances include surfactants, and dissolved photoresist contained in the development waste or a photoresist-containing solution such as a photoresist-containing treated solution derived therefrom.

Abstract: This invention concerns photographic processing, and specifically the decontamination of effluents from photographic processing. This invention consists in placing the effluents in contact with a heat-reversible polymer in the form of hydrogel particles, for a long enough time for the polymer to adsorb the contaminants from the effluent, in then removing the heat-reversible polymer from the effluent, and in then cooling the heat-reversible polymer to extract the contaminants from it. This invention is useful for the elimination of tars that are formed in photographic baths during processing.

Abstract: A method of replenishing a processing solution by adding the replenisher directly to the surface of the emulsion side of the material to be processed. This accelerates the processing of the material and maintains the sensitometry of the processing solution.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating an aqueous effluent with high concentrations of silver and ferric/ferrous complexes using multiple additions of one or more water-soluble sulfur containing polymer chelating agents, with optional additions of non-polymeric sulfur containing compounds. The presence of a high concentration of both dissolved silver and ferric/ferrous complexes prevents efficient silver removal by precipitation and the achievement of a very low residual silver concentration. By using multiple additions of the chelating agent(s), a higher degree of silver removal can be achieved than would be possible with the same amount of chelating agents added in a single stage. Effluent from photo finishing operations, particularly minilabs, can be effectively treated so that there is essentially no silver remaining in the treated effluent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the treatment of photographic films. The film circulates in a series of processing baths, each of these baths comprising a washing area each comprising one or more tanks, the waste water from all the washing areas is recovered and treated in a single nanofiltration device, common to all the processing baths, the water hardness of the permeate from the nanofiltration device is adjusted, and the permeate is recycled to each of the washing areas of each of the processing baths.

Abstract: The disclosed process for rejuvenation treatment of a photoresist development waste mainly containing a photoresist and tetraalkylammonium (TAA) ions comprises at least a simple membrane separation step of treating the photoresist development waste or a treated solution derived from the photoresist development waste with a nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane) to obtain a concentrate (NF concentrate) mainly containing impurities such as the photoresist and a higher-purity permeate (NF permeate) mainly containing TAA ions. The NF concentrate and/or the NF permeate, preferably the NF permeate, is desirably subjected to a step of concentration and refining by electrodialysis or electrolysis and/or a step of refining by ion exchange treatment, for example, with an anion exchange resin and/or a cation exchange resin in one of the H form and the TAA form.

Abstract: An imagesetting system includes: an imagesetter for photographically recording an image onto media; a wet chemical processor, proximately positioned adjacent to the imagesetter, for receiving and processing the imaged media, and a light-tight control wedge box containing a test strip to be processed by the wet chemical processor, without physically separating the imagesetter and the processor, to indicate whether chemicals in the wet chemical processor are depleted below a level of effectiveness. The imagesetting system operates in a test mode to determine whether chemicals in the processor are depleted below the level of effectiveness.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of extracting halide ions contained in a photographic processing solution. The invention concerns a method for the selective extraction of halide ions using a separative membrane comprising a support covered with an active layer comprising an inorganic hydrogel material and an ion carrier, one of the faces of the support having been surface-modified. This method effectively regenerates photographic solutions.

Abstract: A method to recover the resources incorporated in a photographic material is disclosed. An exposed silver salt light-sensitive photographic material is subjected to color development processing; the obtained image information is optically read; digital image information is obtained by converting the read information to electrical signals, and the resulting image information is recorded on a recording medium, and resources incorporated in a photographic material is recovered from the processed photographic material.

Abstract: A method for processing a black-white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material by an automatic processor comprising the following steps,a step for preparing a processing solution by dissolving a solid processing composition or a condensed processing solution in a dissolving tank,a step for supplying said processing solution from said dissolving tank to a processing tank,a step for supplying part of said processing solution used for processing in said processing tank to said dissolving tank,wherein said black-white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is processed with said processing solution in said processing tank and the flow of said processing solution from said processing tank to said dissolving tank is irreversible.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for decontaminating a used photographic processing bath.This method consists of putting the processing bath in contact with a heat-reversible hydrophilic polymer which becomes hydrophobic above a temperature lower than the temperature of the processing bath.The tars and other organic contaminants present in the used photographic processing bath can be removed by cooling the heat-reversible polymer below the temperature where it becomes hydrophilic.

Abstract: Silver halide photosensitive material after exposure is processed by developing it with a developer solution and then processing it with a processing solution having bleaching function and/or a processing solution having fixing function, while placing the developer solution and/or said processing solution having fixing function in contact with the other processing solution and/or an electrolyte solution through an anion exchange membrane, placing a cathode in the developer solution and/or the processing solution having fixing function and an anode in the other processing solution and/or the electrolyte solution, and conducting electricity therebetween.

Abstract: The disclosed process for rejuvenation treatment of a photoresist development waste mainly containing a photoresist and tetraalkylammonium (TAA) ions comprises at least the step of concentration of TAA ions by electrodialysis and/or electrolysis, and the step of removal of impurities ?(residual) photoresist, other anionic components, cationic components such as Na.sup.+, etc.! by adsorption thereof on an ion exchange resin (preferably an anion exchange resin and/or a cation exchange resin in at least one of the hydrogen ion form and the TAA ion form) through contact therebetween, whereby a high-purity solution of a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide reutilizable as a photoresist developer can be simply and efficiently regenerated and recovered from the photoresist development waste. The step of concentration by evaporation and/or reverse osmosis membrane treatment may desirably be taken at least before electrodialysis and/or electrolysis from the standpoint of treatment cost reduction.

Abstract: A processing method can be used to develop sequentially both low silver and relatively high silver photographic materials in the same processor. The method includes a development step for each type of material, in any order, with a developer solution adapted for both development steps. When the lower silver photographic materials are developed, the developer solution also contains an oxidizing agent to render it a redox developer/amplifier solution. The oxidizing agent is removed or inactivated when the relatively high silver photographic materials are processed with the same developer solution.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of replenishing an ascorbic acid developer used for developing silver halide photographic products.The method of the invention comprises the treatment of the developer by means of a resin having a greater selectivity for bromide ions than for carbonate ions and the replenishment of this developer by means of a solution, the concentration of the main components of which is predetermined in accordance with the quantity of developed silver.This invention simplifies the replenishment of ascorbic acid developers.

Abstract: A photographic aqueous processing solution containing at least one solid compound that has a maximum solubility therein corresponding to a desired operating level, which solution is kept in equilibrium with the solid form of the compound, thus maintaining its concentration at the desired level without the need for a replenishing system.

Abstract: In reversal processing, washing between the first development and the reversal bath can be avoided without any loss of photographic quality if the reversal bath is operated in countercurrent over at least two stages and hydroquinone sulfonic acid is used as the first developer.

Abstract: A repeatable regeneration process for developers comprised of introducing unremarkable sulfites or their derivatives to new and partially exhausted developers for use as a formula conditioner, base and repeatable regeneration supplement for extended development of color or B&W images utilizing silver halide or silver chloride as used in photographic materials.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic sheet material comprises passing the sheet material along a sheet material path (20) through a processing apparatus comprising a plurality of processing cells (12, 12', 12"), and causing processing liquid to pass across the surface of the sheet in at least one of the cells. The cell is a closed cell the speed of liquid flow across the sheet material, as measured in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sheet material path (20), is at least 3 times the speed of the sheet material along the sheet material path (20) and the resultant liquid flow speed is at least 100 mm/sec. The consistency of reaction kinetics at the sheet material surface are improved.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising developing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer: wherein the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material contains at least one kind of hydrazine derivative represented by general formula (NB) in at least one layer of the silver halide emulsion layer(s) and other hydrophilic colloidal layers:A--(B).sub.m (NB)and wherein the development is conducted by using a developing solution having a pH of from not less than 8.5 to less than 11.0, which developing solution does not substantially contain a dihydroxybenzene developing agent, but contains a developing agent represented by general formula (1): ##STR1## The symbols used in the above formulas are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for treating photographic baths containing organic contaminants and a device for implementing this method.The process for treating a photographic bath containing contaminants comprises the step of putting the photographic bath in contact with a photographically inert material, resistant to a high pH and having a lipophilic surface.This method affords an improvement in the processing of photographic products.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for increasing the effective process life and chemical efficiency of use of aqueous-based developer solutions used for chemical development of photoresists such as are used in the printed circuit industry. The activity is maintained by regenerating some of byproducts during the process to active carbonate, by controlled additions of alkaline hydroxide instead if conventional carbonate solution. The pH and thus the development speed can automatically be controlled at any desired constant value. This invention allows simple automation of printed circuit photoresist development, with reduced chemical costs and increased chemical usage efficiency and thus reducing the industrial waste volume.

Abstract: A solid processing composition and method for processing a silver halide photographic light sensitive material is disclosed in which the solid processing composition has a sodium cation content of 60 mol % or more based on the total metal cation content, and contains a developing agent represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1##

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material having on a support at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the color photographic material contains a nondiffusing coupler represented by formula (I):Cp-O--C(.dbd.O)--N(R.sub.1)--Ar--X (I)wherein Cp represents a coupler residue capable of releasing --O--C(.dbd.O)--N(R.sub.1)--Ar--X by causing a coupling reaction with an oxidized color developing agent; Ar represents an arylene group; X represents an amino group, an alkoxy group, or a hydroxy group; and R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and a method for processing the photographic material which comprises exposing, developing and bleaching the photographic material, wherein the replenishing amount for the developer is not more than 600 ml per square meter of the photographic material.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of treating a seasoned ascorbic acid developer for developing silver halide photographic products. The method of the invention comprises the step of treating the developer through a resin having a greater selectivity for bromide ions than for carbonate ions. This method enables ascorbic acid developers to be regenerated efficaciously.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the development of an imagewise exposed photographic material having at least one silver halide layer, comprises forming an image therein in a solution that contains a developing agent, that is replenished. The process is carried out in an apparatus comprising at least one processing tank in which the ratio of the tank volume to maximum area of material accommodatable therein is less than 20 dm.sup.3 /m.sup.2. Substantially all replenishers are added as solids directly to said developer.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein a silver halide emulsion in said at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer is a high silver chloride emulsion having a silver chloride content of 95 mol % or more, said support comprises a resin coated paper, and a resin layer of the side on which the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer is provided of said resin coated paper comprises at least a titanium dioxide pigment and at least one brightening agent(s) selected from the group consisting of a bis(benzoxazolyl)naphthalene based brightening agent, a bis(benzoxazolyl)thiophene based brightening agent, a coumarin based brightening agent and a pyrazoline based brightening agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for forming a color image comprising exposing a silver halide light-sensitive material comprising at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on a base, to light, and then development-processing the light-sensitive material, to form a color image, wherein the step of development-processing the light-sensitive material that contains a dye-forming coupler, a color-forming reducing agent of formula (D-1), and an auxiliary developing agent, with an alkaline activator solution of pH 9 to 14 substantially free from any color-developing agent, comprises the step of adsorbing anionic organic substances dissolved out into the activator solution, to remove the substances:(L).sub.n --D formula (D-1)wherein, L is an electron-attracting group capable of coupling split-off during the development processing, D is a residue formed by removing n hydrogen atoms from a compound HnD having a development activity, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preventing fog formation in a silver halide photographic element, said method comprising bringing a silver halide developer solution, or a solution preceding a silver halide developer solution, into contact with a cyanide scavenger by a method other than the seasoning out of the cyanide scavenger from a sensitized silver halide photographic element.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an ultrafiltration process which maintains a constant developer strength in a printing plate developing operation. Such a process enables development of more plates than conventional processes while using less developer and generating less liquid waste. The ultrafiltration process is suitable for both batch and continuous plate development operations. By this process, used developer is filtered and the fluid portion returned to the working developer solution. The filtered out remainder mass is treated with an absorber to convert it into a solid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to recording materials characterized in that the recording materials comprise at least one of diphenyl sulfone derivatives represented by the following general formula (I); ##STR1## wherein Y represents a linear or branched (un)-saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbon group having an ether linkage, or a group represented by a general formula; ##STR2## wherein R represents methylene or ethylene; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent each independently lower alkyl or lower alkenyl; m represents 0 or an integer of 1 or 2,; and n, p, q and r represent each independently 0 or an integer of 1 to 4, provided when n, p, q and r are each 2 or above, the substituents represented by R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be each different from one another.

Abstract: A development processing method is described, which includes the steps of (a) exposing an ultrahigh-contrast silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and (b) developing the exposed silver halide photographic material with a developer while the developer is replenished with a development replenisher, wherein the developer and the development replenisher each contains a dihydroxybenzene developing agent and an auxiliary developing agent exhibiting a superadditive property to the dihydroxybenzene developing agent, and both the developer and the development replenisher have such a property that an increase of the pH is 0.25 or less when 0.1 mol of sodium hydroxide is added to 1 liter thereof; the developer has a pH from 9.5 up to but excluding 11.0; and the developer replenisher is added in an amount of 225 ml/m.sup.2 or less.

Abstract: A process for the processing of spent photographic baths from color processes, namely bleaching or fixing baths with a preponderant content of amonium-Fe-EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) as the sequestering agent, fixing baths with a preponderant content of thiosulphates, particularly ammonium thiosulphate and optionally sodium thiosulphate, and developing baths with a preponderant content of sulfate, particularly sodium sulfite is proposed, which is characterized in that, following the deposition of the silver contained in the baths, the multipart starting solution is adjusted to a pH of approximately 13.5 to 14 using NaOH and the Fe(OH).sub.3 obtained after Fe complex decomposition is separated, the remaining, first intermediate solution is adjusted to a pH of 10 by adding acid and the resulting ammonia is separated, the remaining, second intermediate solution is brought to a pH of approximately 0.

Abstract: In photographic processing apparatus, the processing solutions need to be replenished as they are used up. It is known to effect replenishment of chemicals in a paper processor by determining the amount of exposure given to the paper in the printing stage of such apparatus when copying an image on a filmstrip onto photographic paper, and using that information to calculate the amount of replenishment required to compensate exactly for the chemicals used up in processing that print. Described herein is a method of using data relating to the measured optical transmittance of an image on a filmstrip in the printing stage to control replenishment of the processing solutions in the film processing stage of the apparatus and also removal of image-dependent by-products produced in processing that filmstrip.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide photosensitive material comprising a silver halide emulsion of silver halide grains containing at least 20 mol % of AgCl, tabular grains having an aspect ratio of at least 2 accounting for at least 50% of the projected area of all silver halide grains, and having a Ag coverage of 0.5-1.5 g/m.sup.2 and a gelatin coverage of 0.7-2.1 g/m.sup.2 per one surface and a swelling factor of less than 180% is processed through an automatic processor by replenishing a developer containing an ascorbic acid type compound as a developing agent in an amount of 25-150 ml/m.sup.2 and a fixer in an amount of 13-300 ml/m.sup.2. The invention is successful in producing images of quality while reducing the amounts of replenishment and spent solutions, increasing processing stability, and eliminating silver sludging.

Abstract: A method for processing an exposed black and white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material includes the steps of: (1) developing the exposed light-sensitive material with a developing solution, (2) fixing the developed material with a fixing solution, (3) washing the fixed material with water which is replenished in an amount of from 0 to 3 liter/m.sup.2 of the exposed light-sensitive material, and (4) drying the washed material. The developing solution is replenished with a solid photographic composition. This solid photographic composition includes a developing agent selected from the group of a dihydroxybenzene developing agent represented by Formula I and a developing agent represented by Formula II (provided that the developing agent represented by Formula II may form a sodium salt, a potassium salt or a lithium salt). Formulae I and II are as follows: ##STR1## In the formulae, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a developer-circulating method and an apparatus for carrying out the method in making a flexographic printing plate which prevents dissolved chemical substance from adversely affecting human bodies and has excellent safety; capable of preventing the increase of the viscosity of developer; and capable of effectively preventing the dissolved chemical substance from adhering to the apparatus, thus preventing the life of the apparatus from being reduced and collecting the dissolved chemical substance in a short period of time and which is superior in operation efficiency, work efficiency, and treating efficiency. Solid content of liquid containing resin component which has eluted from flexographic printing plates 3, 42 and dispersed in developer is flocculated by flocculating agent, and the liquid containing the flocculated solid content is separated into the liquid and solid contents.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed photographic silver halide color material which comprises color development and bleach steps. Between these two steps is a fixing, stop or wash step, the solution for which is passed through an absorbent material that removes carryover color developing agent.

Abstract: A process for the formation of a dye image by a redox amplification process in an imagewise exposed photographic color material having at least one silver halide layer and associated therewith a dye image-forming color coupler, comprises treating the material in a color developer solution containing a color developing agent and hydroxylamine as developing agent preservative. The color developing solution is replenished directly as solids or liquid concentrates with or without additional water. The process is carried out in a tank in which the ratio of the tank volume to maximum area of material accommodatable therein is less than 11 dm.sup.3 /m.sup.2.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide element, such as a radiographic film, can be developed using a black-and-white developing solution containing an ascorbic acid developing agent. This solution is replenished with a replenisher solution of basically the same components but the amounts may be greater. Moreover, the replenisher solution pH is from 0.1 and up to 0.3 pH units higher than that of the developing solution. Both developing and replenisher solutions are free of hydroquinone. Replenishment can be carried out at relatively low rates with less impact on the environment without sacrificing sensitometric performance.

Abstract: Processing of color photographic materials can be accomplished using an aqueous redox amplifier composition comprising a color developing agent, an antioxidant therefor, hydrogen peroxide, and a stabilizing amount of nitrite ions to reduce dye loss during storage.

Abstract: This invention discloses a novel process to maintain constant developer strength in a printing plate manufacturing operation. Such a process enables development of more plates than conventional processes allow, while at the same time using less quantity of developer and generating fewer liquid waste. The process is suitable for both batch type and continuous plate development operations. The invention also describes an apparatus suitable for the above-described process.

Abstract: A method of developing an exposed black and white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material with developer using an automatic processor is disclosed, the developing comprising supplying replenisher for developer in an amount of not more than 200 ml per m.sup.2 of the material, the material containing a hydrazine derivative and an infectious development nucleation agent, and the developer having a pH value of 10.0 to 11.2 and containing a dihydroxy benzene compound, a 3-pyrazolidone compound or an aminophenol compound, a sulfite of 0.3 to 1.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a photographic material constituting layer, which is processed with a developer containing as a developing agent a reductone represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, andn represents an integer of from 1 to 4,wherein the photographic material constituting layer contains a calcium compound in an amount of not more than 10 mg/m.sup.2 of the photographic material in terms of calcium.