Abstract: The present invention is a polyester film base which has a surface approximately 5 nm thick. The surface of the film base has been altered to include about 6 to 15 atomic percent nitrogen in the form of imines, secondary amines and primary amines in the ratio of about 1:1:2. The invention also includes a film base whose surface includes oxygen in the form of hydroxyl, ether, epoxy, carbonyl or carboxyl groups wherein the oxygen is about 4 to 10 atomic percent above the original surface content of the base. The polyester film base can be either polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of forming a photographic paper comprising applying to a base paper a polyvinyl alcohol solution of low molecular weight, said solution containing said polyvinyl alcohol in an amount of greater than 15 percent by weight.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material which has an excellent dimensional stability and which is easy in the register operation is disclosed. The silver halide photographic material comprises a support having provided thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the total amount of gelatin in the total hydrophilic colloid layers on the side having said emulsion layer and the total hydrophilic colloid layers on the opposite side thereto is 6 g/m.sup.2 or less, and the support is a styrene type polymer having a syndiotactic structure.

Abstract: An imaging element comprising a support, at least one hydrophilic light-sensitive layer and at least one protective overcoat layer containing a binder and permanent matte particles, the permanent matte particles having a size distribution of a first mode and a second mode, the first mode being organic particles having a median size of from 0.2 to 1.2 micrometers in a coating weight of from 10 to 200 mg/m.sup.2, the said second mode being particles having a mean particle size of from 1.5 to 10 micrometers in a coating weight of from 25 to 150 mg/m.sup.2, the total coating weight of particles of the first and second modes being greater than 100 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: An emulsion or dispersion in which the continuous phase is aqueous and comprises gelatin wherein its viscosity has been reduced by addition thereto of a water-soluble protein or a surfactant which is an ester of a polyalkoxylate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of nucleating silver halide particles wherein said nucleation is carried out in the presence of acid processed ossein (APO) gelatin or chain-extended acid processed ossein (CE-APO) gelatin and the composition formed therefrom.

Abstract: Light-sensitive silver halide photographic element comprising a support bearing at least a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least a protective layer being further away from the support than every silver halide emulsion layer, said protective layer containing a gelatin having a viscosity lower than 20 milliPascal per seconds in 10 weight % aqueous solution at 40.degree. C., said gelatin being hardened with a carbamoyl pyridinium salt compound having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together, constitute the atoms required to form a heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded,R.sub.3 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a carbamoyl group, or a ureido group, andR.sub.4 represents an alkylene group or a single chemical bond between the pyridinium nucleus and the --SO.sub.3 -- group.

Abstract: A coating method for producing a photographic light-sensitive element without unevenness of coating, even when coating is carried out with at least one coating composition containing a low boiling point solvent as an outermost layer and coating is carried out at a high speed using a multi-layer simultaneous coating method. In accordance with the invention, the following relationship is maintained:C<0.2Lwhere C (wt %) is the concentration of a low boiling point solvent in a coating composition forming an outermost one of the coating layers, and L (cc/m.sup.2) is a quantity of a wet coating per web unit area in a thickness from an inner surface of the outermost layer adjacent to the outer surface of the silver halide layer to a surface of said outermost layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a silver halide photographic material comprising a polyester support having thereon at least one light-sensitive layer and at least one undercoat layer is described, wherein the undercoat layer is provided by coating a solution containing gelatin for an undercoating binder having a calcium ion (Ca.sup.++) content of from 10 to 2,500 ppm based on dry gelatin.

Abstract: A sheet or web material being a subbed or unsubbed hydrophobic resin support or paper support coated with at least one hydrophobic resin layer and having at least on one side thereof an antistatic layer containing for at least 70% by weight colloidal silica having an average particle size not larger than 10 nm and a surface area of at least 300 m.sup.2 per gram, the colloidal silica being present in said antistatic layer at a coverage of at least 50 mg per m.sup.2, characterized in that said antistatic layer is coated with a covering layer having a smaller sticking power to a gelatin layer than said silica containing layer, said covering layer containing at least 50% by weight of a water-insoluble synthetic polymer being applied at a dry coverage in the range of 0.01 to 2 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light sensitive material comprising a support which is both side coated with a polyolefin resin is disclosed. A hydrophilic colloidal layer containing a white pigment and a silver halide emulsion layer are provided on the support and the silver halide emulsion layer contains at least one of the compounds represented by the following Formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group; R.sub.2 represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a dialkylamino group, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group; R.sub.3 represents a group substitutable to a benzene ring; n is an integer of 0 or 1; Z represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of splitting off when coupling it to the oxidized product of a developing agent; and Y represents a monovalent organic group including a ballast group.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a dispersion in a film-forming binder of very small particles of antimony-doped tin oxide having a high antimony dopant level and a small crystallite size. Use of such particles provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a reflective support comprising polyolefin resin coated paper and provided on one side thereof with photographic component layers comprising a hydrophilic colloidal layer containing a white pigment, a non-sensitive hydrophilic colloidal layer, and a silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one of said photographic component layers contains an oil-soluble dye or a colored pigment, either of which is not substantially incapable of being decolorized on a photographic-processing.

Abstract: New types of polymer latices and their use in photographic materials are disclosed. They are obtained by subjecting to radical emulsion polymerisation one or more radical-polymerisable monomers, whose emulsifier-free homopolymers or copolymers possess a glass transition temperature below 65.degree. C., preferably below 30.degree. C., in the presence of a water-soluble polymer of a particular chemical formula.These new types of latices are preferably used in graphic arts contact materials, e.g. daylight materials. They can be used in relative high amounts thus improving dimensional stability without deteriorating the scratch resistance too strongly.A preferred radical-polymerisable monomer mixture comprises n.-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid.

Abstract: A modified gelatin is disclosed wherein part of the free carboxyl groups is replaced by modifiers having more acid end-standing groups chosen from --SO.sub.3 M, --OSO.sub.3 M, --SSO.sub.3 M, --OPO(OH).sub.2, --OPO(OH)(OR.sup.2), --PO(OH).sub.2, --PO(OH)(OR.sup.2).In a preferred embodiment such a modified gelatin is incorporated in a DTR photographic material which after processing can serve as a lithographic printing plate. Thanks to the more hydrophilic character of the modified gelatin the differentiation between printing and non-printing areas is improved and toning at printing start-up is reduced.

Abstract: Hardeners for hydrophilic colloid defined by the formula: ##STR1## The hardeners are for crosslinking proteinaceous materials for use in photographic films.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a film-forming hydrophilic colloid having dispersed therein both electrically-conductive fine particles and pre-crosslinked gelatin particles. The combination of hydrophilic colloid, electrically-conductive fine particles and pre-crosslinked gelatin particles provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: A light-sensitive silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a reflective support comprising a resin layer-coated base paper and having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer , wherein a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a white pigment is provided between the resin layer and the silver halide emulsion layer; the resin layer having an uneven surface; and a Wiener spectrum of the silver halide photographic material satisfying the following relation,1.1<(WS2) / (WS1)<2.0wherein WS1 and WS2 are average intensities of the spectrum within a spatial frequency range of 2 to 3 mm.sup.-1 and 10 to 20 mm.sup.-1, respectively.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising, on a support, at least one silver halide emulsion layer, which has at least one hydrophilic colloid layer (including the silver halide emulsion layer) containing a water-soluble polymer comprising a COOH-containing monomer or a salt thereof which is water-insoluble at a pH.ltoreq.6 and water-soluble at a pH.gtoreq.10. The photographic material is well processed by ultra-rapid processing system, displaying an excellent drying property.

Abstract: New types of modified gelatins are disclosed, modified at part of the free carboxyl groups of the polypeptide chain, by the introduction of a new end-standing amino, sulphinic acid or thiol group. The modified gelatins show an enhanced reactivity towards vinylsulphonyl hardeners. The invention further includes hardened modified gelatin types and hydrophilic elements containing them. In particular, a differentially hardened multilayer element, preferably a photographic element, is disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color photographic material and a method for forming a color image using said photographic material. The silver halide color photographic material comprises photosensitive emulsion layers each containing silver halide emulsion grains having 95 mol % or more of silver chloride and a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a white pigment that is applied between the support and the photosensitive emulsion layer nearest to the support, the weight ratio of the white pigment in said hydrophilic colloid layer being 40 wt % or more, and the ratio of the total amount of the hydrophilic colloid applied on the support to the total coating amount of the photosensitive silver halide in the photographic material being in the range from 5.0 to 30.0.

Abstract: A coating composition for applying a layer to a photographic element and the resulting photographic element comprising gelatin, water and from 0.3 to 1 gm/100 gms of the composition of a surfactant mixture of 15 to 70 percent by weight of a dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt or di-fluoroalkylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt, from 35 to 75 percent by weight of a nonylphenoxy polyglycidyl alcohol, and from 3 to 14 percent by weight of perfluoro-octyl sulfonamido, N-hydrogen, N-propylene trimethylammonium iodide based on the total weight of the surfactant mixture; when a dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt is used, the minimum amount thereof is 0.15 gm/100 gm of coating composition.

Abstract: The invention describes silver halide packet emulsion grains or crystals that are conventionally precipitated using gelatin of a given isoelectric pH, surrounded by a layer of gelatin-grafted-polymer particles wherein the grafted gelatin has a different isoelectric pH and the said gelatin-grafted-polymer particles are optionally chemically bonded to the gelatin surrounding the silver halide microcrystals. Such packet emulsions can form the basis for a mixed-packet color photographic system.

Abstract: An inexpensive, ballasted optical brightener for use in photographic elements is prepared by reacting an optical brightener of the formula ##STR1## where M is a cation; X is a group capable of undergoing nucleophilic displacement; and Z is ##STR2## or --O--R.sub.3, where each of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom, or an aromatic group which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups unreactive towards X; and R3 is an aromatic group which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups unreactive towards Xwith a water soluble polymer, such as gelatin. The resulting ballasted optical brightener is stable in aqueous photographic compositions.

Abstract: A photographic element comprising a modified gelatin whereby the modification results in carbamoyl groups by forming peptide bonds using fast-acting hardener. The derivatization involves initial reaction with a carboxyl activator followed by addition of a substituted amine thereby forming an amide linkage on the polypeptide chain. The resulting gelatin and photographic elements comprising such gelatin have a decreased propensity for water absorption without the loss of sensitometric properties.

Abstract: A photosensitive photographic silver halide colour material comprising at least two dye image-forming units each separated from its neighbouring units by a layer containing a scavenger for oxidised developing agent, each unit comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one dye image-forming colour coupler, the material comprising a total silver halide coating weight of less than 300 mg/m.sup.2 (as silver) characterised in that at least one image-forming unit contains extra gelatin either in a layer adjacent to the coupler-containing layer or in the coupler-containing layer itself such that the gelatin content of the unit is more than 800 mg/m.sup.2, in order to decrease the band width of the dye formed from said coupler.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed in which a matting agent contained in a coating solution is prevented from settling in solution and peeling off during processing. The silver halide photographic material contains at least one light-sensitive emulsion and at least one surface protective layer on a support. The surface protective layer contains a polymer latex having an average particle size of up to 2 .mu.m and a perticular precipitation amount as measured in a test coating solution or a crosslinked polymer latex having a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of nucleating silver halide particles wherein said nucleation is carried out in the presence of acid processed ossein (APO) gelatin or chain-extended acid processed ossein (CE-APO) gelatin and the composition formed therefrom.

Abstract: A support material for light sensitive materials is disclosed which has an anticurl layer on the back which contains at least a hardening agent and a bone gelatin that has been degraded by enzymatic action, and the gelatin has more than 40% low molecular fractions having a molecular weight of less than 100,000 and a gel strength of 200-250 g Bloom.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains a hydrazine derivative, and at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and another hydrophilic colloid layer provided on the emulsion layer-coated side of the support contains a latex comprising polymer particles stabilized with gelatin.

Abstract: A photographic element is provided which readily absorbs aqueous solution during processing and yet readily liberates the water during drying. The photographic element comprises a support; at least one layer coated on said support wherein said layer comprises:(a) hydrophilic colloid;(b) a branched polysaccharide;(c) a polyacrylamide; andat least one of either (d) or (e):(d) a mixture of polyvinylidene chloride and polyacrylate; or(e) a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylate.

Abstract: A color photographic material having photographic constituent layers including at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on a reflective support, wherein the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprises silver chloride or silver chlorobromide containing 90 mol % or more of silver chloride is disclosed. The reflective support comprises at least one water-resistant resin layer, the water-resistant resin layer on the side of the support on which a silver halide emulsion layer is formed contains 14% by weight or more of a white pigment, and the total amount of calcium contained in the photographic constituent layers on the light-sensitive layer side of the photographic material is 10 mg/m.sup.2 or less, or the photographic material comprises at least one hydrophilic colloid layer on the support, the hydrophilic colloidal layer contains a white pigment at a coating amount of 2 g/m.sup.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The material comprises a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and containing both of a latex stabilized by gelatin and a redox compound from which a development inhibitor is released when the redox is oxidized in the emulsion layer or other non-light-sensitive hydrophilic colloidal layer. The silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is suitable for graphic arts plate-making use and is excellent in Ming-Gothic type reproduction, screen-image enlarging and screen-image reduction aptitudes, white-on-color letter quality, paste-up trace prevention, easy handling and stability.

Abstract: A coating composition suitable for use in the preparation of a photographic material comprises an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic colloid and a surface active coating aid having the formulaCF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 O(glycidyl).sub.m Hwhereinn is an integer from 4 to 7; and,m is an integer from 6 to 45.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprises a polyester film support having curling in the lateral direction, a first side of the support being curled outwardly and a second side of the support being curled inwardly, a silver halide emulsion layer provided on the first side of the support, and a backing layer provided on the second side of the support, the ratio of the total gelatin content per unit area of the backing layer to that of the silver halide emulsion layer being within the range of from 0.05 to 0.7.

Abstract: A photographic element that is useful as an imaging master in the field of graphic arts is comprised of a dimensionally-stable polyester film having a radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on one side thereof and having on the opposite side, in order, a latex subbing layer and a backing layer. The backing layer is comprised of gelatin, a matting agent, a filter dye and a blocked gelatin-hardening agent. In the manufacture of the photographic element, a high temperature heating step is employed to activate the blocked gelatin-hardening agent and thereby harden the backing layer.

Abstract: A radiographic assembly comprising:a radiographic element which comprises a support and a front and back pair of silver halide emulsion layers coated on the opposite sides of the support, anda front and back pair of intensifying screens adjacent said front and back emulsion layers, respectively,wherein at least one of said silver halide emulsion layers shows a swelling index lower than 140% and a melting time of from 45 to 120 minutes, and the contrast difference between said pair of silver halide emulsion layers is at least 0.5,wherein the X-ray stimulated light emission difference between said pair of intensifying screens is at least 0.6 IogE, andwherein the average imagewise cross-over of said radiographic element is lower than 5% at optical density of from 0.5 to 1.75 and in the range of from 5 to 15% at optical density of from 1.75 to 3.25, said imagewise cross-over being measured according to the formula described in the specificaton.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon a cyan color-forming silver halide emulsion layer, a magenta color-forming silver halide emulsion layer, a yellow color-forming silver halide emulsion layer and at least one light-insensitive hydrophilic layer disposed farther from the support than any of these silver halide emulsion layers, in which the light-insensitive hydrophilic layer contains nonglobular fine-particle powder in a dispersion in an amount of at least 25% by weight based on the whole components therein, thereby ensuring excellent tone reproduction in the images and reduced dependence of image qualities upon the positions of viewing light sources. In addition, the color photographic material can provide images well-expressing a feeling of massiveness even in rapid photographic processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic material having a hydrophilic colloid layer which contains a dispersion of solid fine grains of an oxonole dye which does not have any dissociating proton-containing substituent or salt thereof capable of dissolving the dye during development, except the enolic proton constituting a part of the chromophoric group of the dye in the compound. In the photographic material, the oxonole dye colors only the specific hydrophilic layer without having any bad effect on the photographic properties of the material. The dye may be rapidly decolored by development of the material.

Abstract: A coating of a mixture of sodium metasilicate together with a silica sol and a silane coupling agent provides antistatic protection when overcoated with a gelatin containing photographic construction.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material has provided on a support a non-light-sensitive surface layer which contains an organic polymer represented by formula (I) and having a mean grain size of 1.0 .mu.m or more, the polymer being produced by suspension polymerization: ##STR1## wherein A is a repeating unit obtained by polymerization of at least one monomer having two or more copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated groups; B is a repeating unit obtained by polymerization of at least one monomer having one copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated group; and x, y and z each represents a weight percentage, x is a number of from 1 to 40, y is a number of from 30 to 99 and z is a number of from 0 to 65. The material has good vacuum contact adhesiveness in contact exposures, and the transparency of the processed material is good.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, having provided at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support and a back coating layer on the other side thereof, wherein the support has a loss modules at 50.degree.C. of 0.03 or more, is disclosed. The back coating layer has a gelatin content of 6 g/m.sup.2 or less, and the ratio of the gelatin content of the back coating layer to that of the emulsion layer was 0.3 or more.

Abstract: A photographic element is described comprising a layer containing a hydrophilic low molecular weight compound on one surface of a support and a backing layer comprising a hydrophilic binder on the other surface of the support, wherein a gas-permeable hydrophilic layer is provided as the outermost layer of said backing layer.

Abstract: A solvent mixture of 8 to 30 weight percent of n-propyl acetate 1-methoxy-2-propanol or cyclohexane, 50 to 55 weight percent of acetone and the balance methanol is employed in a coating composition for applying a polymeric antistatic layer.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is described having a hydrophobic polymer layer which is not substantially swollen with processing solutions on one surface of a support and having at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on the other surface of the support, and the material has a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a dispersion of fine solid grains of a dye having an absorption peak wavelength of from 600 nm to 1200 nm between the support and the emulsion layer. The material is exposed with a near infrared ray. The drying property of the processed material is improved, and the material is hardly curled during storage under varying conditions.

Abstract: This invention describes the advantages associated with the use of chain-extended acid processed ossein gelatin as the makeup gelatin, with emulsion precipitated in lime-processed ossein gelatin. Such photographic elements show a definite speed-fog advantage, compared to systems where standard lime-processed ossein gelatin is used solely.

Abstract: A photographic element according to the invention includes a reflective support, one or more photosensitive silver halide emulsion layers, and a colored antihalation layer interposed between the support and the photosensitive layers. The antihalation layer comprises thin grains of silver in the form of-platelets having a thickness of up to about 20 nm. The platelets are distributed in a suitable matrix or colloidal medium such as gelatin. The thinness of the platelets allows the antihalation layer to be formed effectively at lower silver levels.

Abstract: Hydrophilic organic colloids such as collagen or gelatin are modified for use in photographic elements such as film or paper, or for use as reagents in automated dry chemical analyzers. The modification comprises reaction of some of the carboxy groups attached to the polypeptide with (i) a amide bond forming agent, e.g. 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonylpyridinium chloride, and (ii) a di- or triamine, such as piperazine, diethylenetriamine or ethylenediamine. Such modification enables that colloid to react faster with a gelatin hardener such as bis(vinylsulfonyl)methane (BVSM). When coated over an equal amount of unmodified gelatin, and both layers imbibed with BVSM, a modified gelatin layer showed an enzyme resistance greater than that of the unmodified gelatin. This demonstrates that the modified gelatin hardened preferentially.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material in roll form comprises a support, and provided thereon, a silver halide emulsion layer and, on the side of the support opposite the silver halide emulsion layer, a backing layer containing gelatin and a hardener, wherein the backing layer has a degree of swelling of 250% or less represented by the following equation:Degree of swelling=[(A-C)/(B-C)].times.100.

Abstract: A method of reducing the tendency toward formation of ripple imperfections in the coating of multilayer photographic elements is disclosed. Coating compositions are prepared for upper, middle, and lower gelatin-containing layers of a layered mass. The middle layer has a gelatin concentration within three weight percent of each of the upper and lower layers and the upper, middle, and lower layers each have a viscosity that differs from a norm by no more than 15%. A laminar flow of a layered mass including the coating compositions is formed and then received as a layered coating on a moving support. A multilayer photographic element is also disclosed.