Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a hole blocking layer, an optional interface adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer, the blocking layer comprising solid finely divided organic electron transporting pigment particles having a short hole range, dispersed in a film forming polymer matrix.

Abstract: A photoreceptor and method eliminate interference-fringe print defect due to interference effects caused by reflected beams from various interfaces in a multilayered photoreceptor. The substrate surface is formed with specific dimensions so as to enable the coating of the substrate with an undercoat film including, for example, an organometallic compound or an organometallic chelate compound such as any suitable hydrolyzable organozirconium, organotitanium or organoaluminum compound with a silane. Elimination of the "pepper spot" print defect is accomplished without the addition of a thickening agent to the undercoat film.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor has a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the substrate. The photosensitive layer contains one compound which is selected from the group of the compounds represented by the formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V). Therefore, the electrophotographic photoreceptor shows stable characteristics, good durability, and long span of life in repeat use.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member having a two electrically conductive ground plane layers including a layer including zirconium over a layer including titanium, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer including a polyarylate film forming resin, an intermediate layer over and in contact with the adhesive layer, the intermediate layer including a carbazole polymer, a charge generation layer comprising benzimidazole perylene particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder of poly(4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-cyclohexane carbonate), and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by an electroconductive support, an intermediate layer disposed on the electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer contains a copolymer having at least two species of a recurring unit having an amide acid structure and/or amide acid ester structure, thus resulting in good film-forming properties. The resultant photosensitive member is effective for providing a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus respectively including the photosensitive member with a stable electric potential under any environmental condition to provide excellent images free from image defects for a long period.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography includes an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate and composed of an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transfer layer laminated in this order, wherein the intermediate layer is a doped layer and is composed of a cured layer of a copolycondensate between an amino resin and a phenolic resin hat has been subjected to doping with at least one dopant.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed including a support substrate having a two layered electrically conductive ground plane layer comprising a layer comprising zirconium over a layer comprising titanium a hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer comprising a copolyester film forming resin, an intermediate layer over and in contact with the adhesive layer, the intermediate layer comprising a carbazole polymer, a charge generation layer comprising a perylene or a phthalocyanine, and a hole transport layer, said hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from said charge generation layer and transporting said holes through said charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprising a support substrate having a two layered electrically conductive ground plane layer comprising a layer comprising zirconium over a layer comprising titanium, a hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane film forming resin, a charge generation layer comprising perylene or a phthalocyanine particles dispersed in a polycarbonate film forming binder, and a hole transport layer, said hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from said charge generation layer and transporting said holes through said charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprising a support substrate having a two layered electrically conductive outer surface, a hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer comprising a copolyester resin, a charge generation layer comprising photoconductive perylene or phthalocyanine particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder blend comprising polyvinyl butyral copolymer and a copolyester selected from the group consisting of a first copolyester, a second copolyester and mixtures thereof, and a charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon. The photosensitive member is electrified by applying voltage to an electrification means brought into contact therewith, and it has higher impedance (.OMEGA..cndot.cm) at an end portion than at other portion of the area where the photosensitive member is allowed to contact with the electrification means. Also, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor having superior electrical properties and image quality which are not affected by the external environment is provided. The photoconductor includes an intermediate layer formed between a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer is a hardened film containing as its main components melamine resin, aromatic carboxylic acid and/or aromatic carboxylic anhydride, and fixed iodine. Alternatively, the intermediate layer is composed of normal-butylated melamine resin, acid and/or an acid equivalent, and fixed iodine. The film thickness of the intermediate layer according to the present invention need not be as thin as in the prior art. An intermediate layer of such a thickness can cover various defects on the surface of the conductive substrate, and a uniform photosensitive layer with few film defects can be formed on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises: an electroconductive substrate consisting of an aluminum alloy having an iron content of 0.1 percent by weight or less; an intermediate layer formed on said electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer formed on the intermediate layer; and a charge transport layer formed on the charge generation layer. The intermediate layer comprises an alcohol-soluble resin and has a thickness of 0.5 .mu.m or more.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer member includes a base layer and a top thermoplastic film forming polymer layer. The base layer can include carbon and the thermoplastic film forming polymer layer can include electrical property regulating materials. This intermediate transfer member shows improved mechanical as well as electrical properties. It can be employed in an electrophotographic imaging device having at least one photoreceptor and can print an image on a suitable substrate such as paper with improved toner image formation.

Abstract: The invention is a self-cross-linked polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder for organic photoconductors (OPC's). The non-cross-linked form of the binder is available from Monsanto Co. in the U.S.A. as Butvar.TM., and from Sekisui Chemical Co. in Japan as Slek.TM.. It was discovered that the PVB may be self-cross-linked by subjecting it to a thermal cure at between about 150.degree.-300.degree. C. for about 2 hours. Other ways of cross-linking, for example, e-beam, UV or X-ray radiation, may achieve results similar to those obtained with heat. No cross-linker, nor cross-linkable copolymer nor catalyst is required to accomplish the cross-linking. After self-cross-linking, the PVB has good mechanical durability and good anti-solvent characteristics. In addition, the self-cross-linked PVB's glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) increases from about 65.degree. C. to about 170.degree. C.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member comprising a metal ground plane layer comprising at least 50 percent by weight zirconium, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer comprising a polyacrylate film forming resin, a charge generation layer comprising benzimidazole perylene particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder of poly(4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-cyclohexane carbonate), and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, having a support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support in this order; the intermediate layer having a coated powder comprising a coating layer and barium sulfate fine particles coated with the coating layer; and the coating layer comprising tin oxide. The above intermediate layer is usable for constituting an electrophotographic apparatus providing stable potential properties and good image quality under overall environmental conditions including low-temperature and low-humidity condition to high-temperature and high-humidity condition.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an electroconductive support, an interlayer, and a photosensitive layer. The interlayer contains a resin having a polyamic acid structure or a polyamic acid ester structure. A process cartridge and electrographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has an intermediate layer formed between an electrically conductive substrate and photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer is made of a hardened film formed by hardening an amino resin with a catalyst comprising aromaticsulfonic acid, alicyclicsulfonic acid, a mixture thereof, or latent acid thereof to provide good image qualities without causing any troubles in the process of image formation.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive support, and a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer. The charge generating layer contains an acetal resin obtained from a reaction of polyvinyl alcohol, alkyl aldehyde having a structure shown in Formula (1) below, and aryl aldehyde having a structure shown in Formula (2) below:R--CHO (1)wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted, chain or cyclic alkyl group, andAr--CHO (2)wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is used in electrophotographic apparatus, device units and facsimile machines, while ensuring superior electrophotographic characteristics and an excellent image free from fog.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by an electroconductive support, an intermediate layer disposed on the electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer contains a resin having a specific recurring unit containing polyamide acid structure and/or polyamide acid ester structure. The photosensitive member is effective for providing a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus respectively including the photosensitive member with an excellent photosensitivity and a stable electric potential under any environmental condition.

Abstract: Charge transporting materials having general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen; an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group; an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a thioalkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an aryloxy group; an aralkyl group; a nitro group; an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group; a halogen; an amino group; an unsubstituted or substituted dialkylamino group; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen; an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group; an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a halogen; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen; an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a halogen; a dialkylamino group; an amino group; a thioalkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an aryloxy group; a methylenedioxy group; an aralkyl group; or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group; R.sup.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed comprising a substrate, a hole blocking, an optional interface adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer, the hole blocking layer comprising a light absorbing material selected from the group consisting of a dye, pigment and mixtures thereof dissolved or dispersed in a hole blocking matrix comprising a film forming polymer, the light absorbing material being capable of absorbing incident radiation having a wavelength between about 550 and about 950 nm. The dye or pigment may have a violet, blue, green, cyan or black color. These imaging members may be employed in an electrophotographic imaging process utilizing monochromatic activating radiation having a wavelength between a lower limit of 600 about and an upper limit of about 800 nm to form an electrostatic latent image on the imaging member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electrically conductive substrate having thereon a subbing layer and a photosensitive layer in sequence, wherein the subbing layer is a layer formed by using a hydrolyzable compound, the layer having a residual organic group content of at least 25 mol % based on the total organic group content of the hydrolyzable compound used, or (ii) by coating a solution of the hydrolyzable compound in an organic solvent in which the hydrolyzable compound has been hydrolyzed to a degree of at least 50%. The coating composition exhibits satisfactory film-forming properties to form a subbing layer without causing cracks which thereby provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent stability on repeated use.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a photoreceptor having an electroconductive support, a barrier layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, all formed on the support in this order, wherein the barrier layer consists of an alcohol-soluble copolymerized polyamide resin, the charge generation layer contains a compound represented by formula I or II, and the charge transport layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a molecular weight of not less than 100,000, ##STR1## wherein Z represents a groups of atoms necessary to form a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic ring.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is characterized by a cross-linked adhesive layer and a charge generating layer applied onto the adhesive layer by solution coating.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor composed of an electroconductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer consisting of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer successively formed on the substrate in this order, the charge transport layer containing a carbon-carbon double-bond-containing charge transporting material, and a carbon-carbon double-bond-containing monomer or polymer, which serves as a binder resin, and readily reacts with the above-mentioned charge transporting material by the application of light or heat thereto.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member containing a supporting substrate having an electrically conductive surface comprising charge injecting material, a charge blocking layer including a water insoluble high molecular weight unmodified hydroxy methacrylate polymer and at least one photoconductive layer, the charge blocking layer having a surface resistivity greater than about 10.sup.10 ohm/sq. This imaging member may be employed in an electrostatographic imaging process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a hole blocking adhesive layer, a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer, the hole blocking adhesive layer including a polyester film forming binder having dispersed therein a particulate reaction product of metal oxide particles and a hydrolyzed reactant selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen containing organo silane, an organotitanate and an organozirconate and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the electrophotographic imaging member is free of any distinct adhesive layer in contiguous contact with the hole. blocking adhesive layer. This imaging member may be utilized in an electrophotographic imaging process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate having an electrically conductive metal oxide surface, a hole blocking layer and at least one electrophotographic imaging layer, the hole blocking layer comprising a reaction product of(a) a material selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzed organozirconium compound, a hydrolyzed organotitanium compound and mixtures thereof,(b) a hydroxyalkylcellulose,(c) a hydrolyzed organoaminosilane, and(d) the metal oxide surface.

Abstract: An electrically conductive composition containing a charge transfer complex of a TCNQ salt and a donor molecule is obtained by dissolving a charge transfer complex in a solvent having a relative evaporation rate of less than about 30, and evaporating the solvent so that the charge transfer complex forms a network of fibrils, dendrites or sphericulites. Polymers may also be included in the composition.

Abstract: A photoconductor contains octa-substituted phthalocyanines in a charge generation layer. The photoconductor shows good sensitivity in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum from about 600 nm to about 900 nm.

Abstract: A photosensitive member suitable for use in an electrophotographic apparatus is constituted by an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the support. The intermediate layer comprises a reaction product of a polyol compound comprising at least one of a polyol compound [I] represented by Formula (1) shown below and a phosphated polyol compound with a polyisocyanate compound: ##STR1## wherein A denotes ##STR2## B denotes --R.sup.4 --O--, A and B may be connected at random or in blocks with each other, Z denotes an active hydrogen compound residue; R.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 1-9 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 1-10 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group or aralkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is an alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms; k is a number of 1-12 m is a number of 1-250; n is a number of 0-100; and p is a number of 0-5.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising an electrically conductive substrate having thereon a subbing layer and a photosensitive layer, wherein the subbing layer contains (a) an organic chelate compound or an organic alkoxide compound and (b) a hygroscopic compound having at least two carboxyl groups per molecule. The subbing layer does not increase its volume resistance even on repeated use in a low humidity condition so that the photoreceptor has a small residual potential to provide satisfactory images with excellent durability.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography is composed of a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate, a charge generating layer formed on the undercoat layer and a charge transporting layer formed on the charge generating layer. The undercoat layer comprises a crosslinked polyamide represented by the following formula, ##STR1## wherein m and n stand for positive integers.

Abstract: Conductivizing coating solutions prepared from cuprous iodide and ligands which are pyridine or monodentate pyridine derivatives provide excellent transparent, conductive coatings for use in electrophotographic and ground plane including articles. The coating compositions may also utilize solvents which solubilize the cuprous iodide-ligand complex formed. A method of forming transparent conductivizing coating solutions is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a double-layered electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support, a carrier generation layer provided on the conductive support, and a carrier transport layer provided on the carrier generation layer. The carrier generation layer contains a generation material, which generates carrier upon absorption of light, and a compound having an epoxy group. The carrier transport layer contains a carrier transport material which transports the generated carrier. This photoreceptor has excellent pre-exposure properties and durability for repeated use.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the support. The intermediate layer comprises a reaction product of a mixture including a polyol compound [A] and a polyisocyanate compound[B] satisfying at least one of the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) the polyol compound [A] is a high-molecular weight polyol compound, and (ii) the polyisocyanate compound is a polyoxyalkylene segmentcontaining polyisocyanate compound. The photosensitive member shows stable electrophotographic performances over wide environmental conditions from low temperature - low humidity to high temperature - high humidity due to the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a supporting substrate, a charge blocking layer, an imaging layer including at least one photoconductive layer, the blocking layer including an uncrosslinked copolymer derived from vinyl hydroxy ester or vinyl hydroxy amide repeat units chemically modified at a nucleophilic hydroxyl group by a monofunctional electrophile, the copolymer having a number average molecular weight of at least about 10,000.

Abstract: An electrophotographic sensitive medium and apparatus for use with this medium. The electrophotographic sensitive medium has an electroconductive support, a sensitive layer, and an intermediate layer interposed between the support and the sensitive layer. The intermediate layer material contains a polyamide grafted with a polymer or a copolymer, and the polymer of copolymer contains a unit component represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z is --O-- or --NH--, and A is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising a substrate having thereon at least an electric charge generating layer and an electric charge transporting layer, characterized in that the electric charge generating layer is formed from a coating solution which is prepared by dispersing an electric charge generating material and an acid in a binder resin solution. Useful acids are inorganic acids, including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid, and organic acids, including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butryric acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid and sulfonic acid. This material has an increased sensitivity and thus can be effectively used in copying machines.

Abstract: In the field of the photosensitive member for electrophotography comprising an electrically conductive substrate and at least one primer layer and a photosensitive layer, there is disclosed an improved member which is characterized in that the primer layer contains a copolyamide which contains as a constituent a diamine represented by a chemical formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 respectively and independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electro-conductive support having thereon at least one charge-generating layer and at least one charge-transporting layer, wherein said charge-generating layer contains, as a resin binder, a copolymer derived from at least one monomer represented by formula (I) and at least one monomer represented by formula (II) and a charge-generating substance, and wherein said charge-transporting layer is formed on said charge-generating layer by a coating solution containing a charge-transporting substance and a solvent not dissolving said resin binder: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R.sup.2 represents an unsubtituted or substituted alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises least a photoconductive layer and a charge-injection controlling layer, which are overlaid on an electroconductive support in any order, which charge-injection controlling layer comprises a homopolymer or copolymer of a monomer represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group which may have a substituent, and an aralkyl group which may have a substituent; and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group which may have a substituent, a halogen or a trifluoromethyl group.

Abstract: A photoconductor element of the type comprising successive layers of a support layer, a barrier layer, a charge generation layer, and an n-type charge transport layer wherein the barrier layer is less than about 1.0 micron in thickness and is comprised of (1) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride containing 4 through 8 carbon atoms per molecule, and (2) at least one vinyl monomer wherein the weight ratio of (1) to (2) is in the range of about 10:1 to 1:10.

Abstract: A photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer comprised of charge transport molecules and a resin binder mixture comprised of a polycarbonate and an elastomeric block copolymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a blocking layer formed from a maleic acid half ester copolymer which has free acid groups neutralized by an alkali metal. The imaging member may be provided with a conductive layer formed from a phenolic resin and dispersed carbon black particles in an amount which allows sufficient transparency for rear erasure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive support and provided thereon a photosensitive layer, interposing an intermediate layer between them. The intermediate layer contains a polyether polyamide.

Abstract: Charge blocking materials include a complex or salt of a film forming material containing at least one nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amino, an imino or a tertiary amine group, chelated to a metal ion or atom. The charge blocking materials may be used in a charge blocking layer of an electrophotographic imaging member. The charge blocking materials may be used with transparent conductive layers, for example, comprising cuprous iodide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed which contains a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a dried continuous adhesive layer comprising a semi-interpenetrating network derived from a coating mixture comprising a blend of a self-crosslinkable polyurethane and a non-self-crosslinkable polyurethane, a thin homogeneous charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer comprising a film forming polymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a substrate, a photosensitive layer and an intermediate layer spaced between said substrate and said photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer contains a polyamide resin grafted with a polymer or a copolymer having a unit component expressed by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom or a methyl group, each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 in combination is a residual group necessary for forming a heterocyclic compound containing N, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different from each other. Also disclosed are an electrophotographic apparatus having the photosensitive member, and a facsimile incorporating the electrophotographic apparatus.