Abstract: An electrodepositable photoresist composition for producing non-tacky films on an electroconductive substrate comprises an aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible photosensitive ionic polymeric material and a polyalkylene oxide-modified polysiloxane sufficient to give slip and blocking properties that enables direct placement of a photomask on the resultant dehydrated film. The composition also preferably contains a nonionic unsaturated material and a photoinitiator.

Abstract: In a method for the manufacture of a recording material containing a coated and dried gelatin containing layer on a support, the improvement wherein such layer is coated from an aqueous coating composition containing:(1) hydrophilic colloid matter consisting of at least 90% by weight of gelatin,(2) not more than 5% by weight with respect to the total gelatin content of a thickening agent increasing the viscosity of said composition, and(3) a hardening agent for gelatin that reduces its water-solubility after coating, characterized in that said gelatin is a gelatin species which as a 10% by weight aqueous solution at 36.degree. C. and pH 6 has a viscosity of at least 35 Mpa.s at a shear rate of 1000 S.sup.-1 and shows a decrease in viscosity by at least 10 Mpa.s at a shear rate of 40,000 s.sup.-1, and as a 3% by weight aqueous solution at Ph 6 and after cooling for 30 seconds at a shearing rate of 208 s.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation-polymerizable mixture which includes a polymerizable compound, a polymeric binder which has units of methacrylic acid, a methacrylic acid ester and a styrene, the latter in a proportion of 40 to 65% by weight, a finely divided mineral pigment on a silicic acid or silicate basis, a photopolymerization initiator, a compound having at least two epoxy groups in its molecule and a thermal hardener for epoxy groups. The mixture is advantageous, in particular, for producing solder masks and can be cured after exposure to an image and development by heating to about 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. to form a stencil which is resistant under soldering conditions.

Abstract: Radiation-sensitive film composed of at least one monomolecular layer of fluorine-containing amphiphiles. If a vinyl monomer containing fluoroalkyl side groups is copolymerized with a vinyl monomer containing oxirane groups, an amphiphilic polymer is obtained. To prepare a sandwich, a polymer is dissolved in a volatile organic solvent which is immiscible with water, the solution is spread on the water/air boundary surface, the resultant layer is compressed after the solvent has evaporated and transferred to a solid layer support by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The oxirane rings are cleaved and the film crosslinked by the action of high-energy radiation on the film.

Abstract: A photographic element comprising a photosensitive layer, a flexible cellulose organic ester support film, and a substantially transparent magnetic recording layer having a dried thickness of less than about 1.5 micron exhibits improved magnetic and photographic performance and is particularly valuable as a color or black and white negative or reversal film.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a transparent support containing a magnetic recording material, wherein the support is formed by co-flow-extending a dope containing the magnetic recording material and a dope not containing the magnetic recording material.

Abstract: A cationic electrodeposition negative type resist composition contains (A) 100 parts by weight of a resin obtained by reacting an unsaturated group-containing isocyanate compound with epoxidized liquid polybutadiene to which at least a secondary amine has been added, and (B) 0.3 to 20 parts by weight of a sensitizer.

Abstract: Disclosed is A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material formed by coating at least one silver halide photographic emulsion layer on a reflective support having irregularities at random on the surface, wherein the intensity of Wiener spectrum of the reflective support at a spatial frequency of f cycles/mm given by the expression f=1120/CS is less than 90% of the geometric mean of the intensity at a spatial frequency of f/2 cycles/mm and the intensity at a spatial frequency of 2f cycles/mm when the coating speed for said silver halide emulsion layer is CS (m/minute). The silver halide photographic light-sensitive material according to the invention, has a proper gross and a high capability of depicting details of an image.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fabricating integral three-dimensional objects from contiguous layers of a photosensitive composition in an imagewise manner, with an additional photogelled portion or photohardened wall, or both, surrounding the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising (A) a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing (a) acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, (b) at least one compound having an unstable group against an acid such as t-amyl acrylate, t-amyl methacrylate, etc. and (c) a copolymerizable monomer such as n-butyl acrylate and (B) a photoacid generator is effective for providing an electro-deposition bath good in water dispersion stability and an electrodeposited film having high sensitivity and high resolution.

Abstract: A diffusion transfer photographic material is disclosed, which comprises a support having thereon at least a photosensitive element comprising a photosensitive silver halide emulsion and a diffusible dye donating compound, and a dye fixing element which is placed upon the said photosensitive element at the time of image transfer, wherein a natural macromolecular polysaccharide originating from red algae is included in said photosensitive element and/or in said dye fixing element, and a process of producing a diffusion transfer photographic material is disclosed, which comprises the step of using a coating liquid which contains a water soluble polymer solution comprising a natural macromolecular polysaccharide, a hydrophilic organic solvent in which the said water soluble polymer is essentially insoluble and water.

Abstract: An apparatus and method including a droplet coating generator for generating a stream of electrically charged coating droplets within an evacuable chamber towards a substrate positioned within the evacuable chamber. A piezoelectric vibrator and orifice plate coupled thereto generate the stream of coating droplets. The coating droplets are urged to move in a sweeping motion across the substrate by at least one pair of opposing spaced apart electrodes powered by an electrical power supply. A uniform coating is thus produced while the evacuable chamber is maintained at subatmospheric pressure as required during typical semiconductor processing. Multiple applications of a photoresist coating may be applied by the coating apparatus without requiring that the evacuable chamber be repeatedly vented and pumped down to subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparation of a light-sensitive material containing microcapsules is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a light-sensitive layer provided on a support. The microcapsules are dispersed in the light-sensitive layer. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of: (1) mixing a silver halide emulsion and the reducing agent or the photopolymerization initiator with the polymerizable compound to prepare a light-sensitive composition; (2) emulsifying the composition in an aqueous medium to prepare an aqueous emulsion; (3) forming a shell around the droplets of the composition contained in the aqueous emulsion to prepare a microcapsule dispersion; (4) coagulating the aqueous medium to set the microcapsule dispersion; (5) storing the set microcapsule dispersion; (6) melting the aqueous medium to prepare a coating solution of the light-sensitive layer; and (7) coating the solution on the support.

Abstract: A method of producing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a support, provided thereon, a photographic layer including a silver halide emulsion layer and the photographic layer contains a hydrazine compound for forming an extremely high contrast image even when developed with a developer having a pH value of not higher than 11. The light-sensitive material is produced by the method comprising steps ofcoating a coating solution to form the photographic layer on the support,drying the coated layer, andpacking the light-sensitive material after the drying step,wherein the drying of the coated layer is carried out with air having relative humidity of not more than 50% after the time when water amount contained in the coated layer reaches 300% of the dry-weight of binder contained in the coated layer. The light-sensitive material has inhibited in formation of pepper spots and gives high contrast image even after prolonged storage.

Abstract: A direct pigment photographic printing process and composition based on a two-step coating process comprising a first coating applied to a sealed substrate containing between 2 to 8 and 8 to 2 weight parts of gum arabic to gelatin, and then applying a second top coating containing preferred ratios of gum arabic to gelatin. The process is based on heating the first and second coating compositions sufficiently above about 105.degree. F. prior to application to the substrate to assure homogeneous mixtures of each coating at the time of application.

Abstract: A light sensitive composition and process for using said composition. The light sensitive composition comprises a phenolic resin, a multifunctional epoxy or vinyl compound, a photoinitiator and a thermal crosslinking agent. The process for using the same comprises application of the light sensitive composition to a substrate, drying of the same, exposing the dried coating to activating radiation, partially heat curing the coating, developing the coating and thermally curing the developed image. The composition is especially useful as a solder mask.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithographic printing plate material for silver complex diffusion transfer process by scanning type exposure which comprises a film support and, provided thereon, at least a silver halide emulsion layer and a surface physical development nuclei layer, wherein water content in the whole lithographic printing plate material including the support is 1.5% or less. Preferably, the silver halide emulsion comprises about 95 mol % or more of silver chloride, 90% by weight or more of the silver halide grains have a size within .+-.40% of average grain size, the silver halide grains have an average grain size of about 0.3.mu.-about 1.0.mu., and the surface of the grains is replaced with about 0.1 mol %-about 3.0 mol % of an iodide per 1 mol of the silver halide.

Abstract: A process of simultaneously applying multiple layers of hydrophilic colloidal aqueous coating compositions to a moving support with a multilayer bead coating apparatus, which comprises applying as the first layer next to the support an hydrophilic colloidal aqueous composition comprising a high molecular weight, highly deionized gelatin in which there are dispersed fine droplets of a high temperature boiling water immiscible organic solvent, and a multilayer silver halide photographic material comprising a support on which there are spread at least one silver halide photosensitive layer and at least one auxiliary layer, and said material further comprising, spread over said support under said layers, a hydrophilic colloidal layer comprising high molecular weight, highly deionized gelatin in which there are dispersed fine droplets of a high temperature boiling water immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a silver halide photographic composition for a coating layer. The method consists in individually preparing the various components of the desired layer, comprising at least one silver halide emulsion, and solutions or dispersions containing one or more finishing addenda and/or gelatin, chilling these components to solidify each of them, cutting them into chunks, cold-blending, in a solid state, the components selected according to the formulation of the desired layer, and liquefying the resulting solid composition just before its introduction into the coating station. The method can be applied to all types of silver halide photographic products, for black and white or color photography.

Abstract: A process for improving the method by which a powder such as a dye is added to a gelatino silver halide element is described. This process involves encapsulating the powder within a gelatin capsule. This process avoids cross-contamination and dusting when powder is added to solvent and also reduces the use of extra solvent in the manufacture of the element.

Abstract: A method for forming a photographic element includes steps of heating an emulsion containing grains of a radiation sensitive silver haloiodide to form a first melt, heating an emulsion containing grains of a silver salt effective to enhance the photographic properties of the silver haloiodide emulsion to form a second melt, and coating the first and second melts onto a photographic support to form an image recording layer. The silver salt grains are substantially insensitive to radiation at wavelengths at which said silver haloiodide grains are sensitive. The coating step is preferably carried out by blending the first and second melts together, then immediately coating the silver haloiodide emulsion onto the support. In a preferred embodiment, the silver salt is essentially silver chloride in the form of relatively fine cubic grains, and the silver haloiodide is in the form of tabular grains larger than the cubic grains.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous electrodeposition coating composition for a positive working resist and an image-forming method using the same. The coating composition is very stable under storage conditions and is capable of resulting in a positive working resist which is specifically useful in the preparation of a printed circuit board with mini-via-holes.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive device is provided with a discontinuous covering layer to improve vacuum draw down. The covering layer is produced by forming a solution or dispersion of the layer-forming material in a liquid hydrocarbon. Drops of the solution or dispersion are then sprayed onto the radiation sensitive device to form the discontinuous covering layer.

Abstract: A process for preparing a silver halide emulsion is disclosed, which comprises dissolving one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives in a solution of an organic solvent containing a surface active agent having a hydrophilic -SO.sub.3 or --OSO.sub.3 group wherein said organic solvent is an alcohol, and then adding the resulting solution to a silver halide emulsion. A small amount of a base, or small amounts of a base and an acid may optionally be present in the mixed solution of the organic solvent and the surface active agent prior to adding the one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of photopolymer plates having a precise and constant thickness in which the components of the photopolymer layer are melted in a screw extruder, the melt is conveyed to the sheet die by means of a gear pump and then into a roll gap of a calender, wherein the melt leaving the sheet die does not form a rotating bead in the calender gap downstream therefrom. The photopolymer plates prepared in this manner have high homogeneity of the components of the photopolymerizable mixture, have a highly precise and constant thickness, are transparent, do not tend to form specks and guarantee a long shelf life.

Abstract: A photographic, silver halide element that can be dried under rapid conditions during coating without deleterious effects on fog, kinks and other surface conditions, is described. This process can function with the addition of a small amount of a high boiling, aromatic alcohol to the emulsion prior to coating. Further improvements are noted with the addition of small amounts of a humectant and a plasticizer. The films resulting from this novel process can be handled without problems in the modern, automatic changing devices, for example.

Abstract: A photosensitive material includes a support having microcapsules and a color correction dye on its surface. The microcapsules include first, second and third sets of microcapsules, each set containing an internal phase. The first set of microcapsules is sensitive to red light and is associated with a cyan image-forming agent, the second set of microcapsules is sensitive to green light and is associated with a magenta image-forming agent, and the third set of microcapsules is sensitive to blue light and is associated with a yellow image-forming agent. The cyan, magenta and yellow image forming agents are respectively soluble in the internal phases of the first, second and third sets of microcapsules whereas the color correction dye is insoluble in the internal phase. The first, second and third sets of microcapsules are present in one or more layers containing a binder on the surface of the support. The color correction dye absorbs at least one of red, green, and blue light.

Abstract: A composition for visible light sensitive electrodeposition coating which comprises (A) a photocurable resin having light sensitive groups capable of being crosslinked or polymerized by light irradiation and ionic groups, (B) a sensitizer which is excited by absorption of visible light and has a property to interact with the resin (A), (C) a water-insoluble polymerization initiator, and optionally, (D) at least one specific nitrogen-containing compound; and an image-forming method which comprises (i) coating the surface of a conductor by electrodeposition with the aforesaid composition, (ii) exposing the resulting film by electrodeposition by partially irradiating the film with visible light, and then (iii) contacting the resulting film with a developing solution to remove the unexposed areas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a photosensitive material for silver complex diffusion transfer process containing a hydroxybenzene developing agent which comprises coating at least one gelatin-containing coating solution on a support to form photographic layers including a photosensitive layer and drying the coat, said drying being carried out by raising surface wet-bulb temperature of the coat to 14.degree. C. or higher before gelatin concentration in the coat reaches at most about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A method for producing a silver halide photographic material which comprises the steps of:(a) coating hydrophilic colloid coating liquid on a polyester support;(b) forming a hydrophilic colloid layer by drying said hydrophilic coating liquid, when A is not more than 300, in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of not more than 50% and such that the ratio A/B is at least 18whereinA is determined by the following formula:A=(M/S).times.100wherein M represents the moisture content by weight of said hydrophilic colloid layer on said support and S represents the solid weight of said hydrophilic colloid layer on said support, andB is the drying time until A is not more than 8 expressed in seconds; and(C) heat treating said coated supported from step (b) at a temperature of at least 30.degree. C. in a atmosphere having an absolute humidity of not more than 1%.The method of the present invention provides silver halide photographic materials which have improved dimensional stability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a liquid emulsion to a screen. The apparatus includes a rotatable trough holding a liquid emulsion, which is mounted to allow the trough to rotate and coat the screen with the emulsion as the screen is moved over the trough.

Abstract: A method of making a pattern of an electrically conductive material which comprises(i) electrodepositing on an electrically conductive surface a film comprising a photocurable organic resin,(ii) forming on the electrodeposited film a predetermined pattern of a resist co-cured with with underlying areas of the electrodeposited film by exposure to actinic radiation, thereby leaving predetermined areas of the electrodeposited film uncovered, and(iii) removing the uncovered areas of the electrodeposited film by treatment with a solvent therefor, thereby forming a surface comprising bare conductive material in predetermined areas and, in other predetermined areas, photocured resist securely bonded to the electrically conductive surface through the cured areas of the electrodeposited film covered by the resist.The method is useful in the production of printed circuits.

Abstract: A method of preparing a light sensitive silver halide phtographic material is disclosed. The photographic material comprises a polyester support having a hydrophobic polymer layer containing a vinylidene chloride copolymer and at least one hydrophilic polymer layer. The method comprises steps of coating a hydrophilic polymer layer onto the polyester support, drying the layer until a water content of the layer reaches 60 wt %, and contacting the layer with air having a relative humidity of 5 to 25% for a period 5 seconds to 10 minutes. The photographic material according to the method has such a physical characteristics as dimensional stability for long time storage or anti-cracking of the photographic layer at the preparation period. It is suitable for printing use.

Abstract: A visible radiation sensitive composition comprising:(A) a photosetting resin containing a photosensitive group capable of crosslinking or polymerizing by photoirradiation,(B) a sensitizer represented by the formula (i): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different lower alkyl, and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group, alkoxyalkyl group, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl group or alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, and(C) a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A process for the in-line preparation of gelatin solutions comprising(a) mixing gelatin particles with an aqueous solution to wet the gelatin forming a gelatin-aqueous solution mixture,(b) heating rapidly said mixture to a temperature capable of digesting gelatin in said mixture, and(c) maintaining the digested gelatin at said temperature for a period to dissolve the gelatin particles into the aqueous solution.The process provides gelatin solutions for photographic uses in an improved manner without the general dissolution problems. The process is quick and is accomplished in-line, preferably continuously.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer 11 is mounted on an elongated member 18, one end of which is rotatable about a transverse axis (14), thereby to distribute a liquid on the upper surface of the wafer more evenly. In order to stabilize the rotation of the elongated member, a second elongated member is preferably attached end-to-end to the elongated member (18) and rotates with it. A counterweight (26) in the second elongated member moves during the rotation such that the distance between the wafer and the central axis and the distance between the center of the counterweight and the axis are substantially equal. The weight distribution is approximately symmetrical about the axis and the structure is dynamically stabilized. The counterweight and the wafer assembly may be moved during rotation by applying air pressure from the source (23) to pistons (13,26) in the two elongated members.

Abstract: The invention is accomplished by providing an aqueous dispersion of a photographic coupler by precipitation from a solvent solution by solvent and/or pH shift. A second aqueous dispersion of an activating permanent solvent for the photographic coupler is also provided. The dispersion of activating permanent solvent and photographic coupler are combined to form a combined dispersion which is mixed with a gelatin dispersion of silver halide particles to form a photographic emulsion suitable for casting as a photographic element. In a preferred method of the invention, the activating solvent is incorporated into a dispersion of latex particles prior to being combined with the dispersion of photographic coupler.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive plate is provided with a discontinuous covering layer to improve vacuum drawdown. The covering layer is produced by dissolving the material which is to form the covering layer in a solvent so as to form a solution having a conductivity of from 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.9 pSm.sup.-1. The solution is then directed towards the plate while providing a potential of at least 5 kV between the solution and the plate. The potential is the sole disruptive force in the liquid and draws the liquid into ligaments and disrupts the ligaments to form drops of substantially equal size which are then deposited on the plate.

Abstract: A shadow mask is formed by forming two photosensitive resin layers respectively on both major surfaces of a band-like metal sheet. The first resin layer is formed by coating a resin solution on the first major surface with the first major surface directed upward, and drying the solution while maintaining the metal sheet horizontal. Likewise, the second resin layer is formed by coating a resin solution of the second major surface with the second major surface directed upward, and drying the solution while maintaining the metal sheet horizontal. Predetermined openings are made in the first and second resin layers by exposing and developing. Then, the bared portions of metal sheet are etched to form apertures therein.

Abstract: A process for the formation of an image comprises(i) electrodepositing on a conductive surface a layer of a quinone diazide positive photoresist,(ii) subjecting the layer to radiation in a predetermined pattern,(iii) heating the layer such that areas thereof exposed in stage (ii) are rendered insoluble in an aqueous base developer,(iv) subjecting the layer to radiation such that the areas not exposed in stage (ii) are rendered more soluble in an aqueous base developer than the areas rendered insoluble in stage (iii) and(v) removing the areas not exposed in stage (ii) by treatment with an aqueous base developer.The process is useful in the production of printing plates and printed circuits.

Abstract: A process for preparing a silver halide emulsion is disclosed, which comprises dissolving one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives in a solution of an organic solvent containing a surface active agent having a hydrophilic --SO.sub.3 or --OSO.sub.3 group wherein said organic solvent is an alcohol, and then adding the resulting solution to a silver halide emulsion. A small amount of a base, or small amounts of a base and an acid may optionally be present in the mixed solution of the organic solvent and the surface active agent prior to adding the one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives.

Abstract: A method and structure which will prevent wet etchant penetration at the interface region of a masked metal layer during etching of an exposed portion of the metal adjacent thereto is provided. The metal is provided with a matte finish of 0.1 and 0.5 mils peak to valley. The metal is covered with a dry film photoresist material which has been plasticized to have a surface deflection of at least 0.5 mils without losing its plasticity and conforms to the surface pattern of the metal. The photoresist is imagewise patterned and developed, and the exposed or revealed regions of the metal are subject to a wet etching process. The conformed coating of the resist prevents wet etchant penetration.

Abstract: In forming integrated circuits on a wafer, diffuser features are provided adjacent to topographic features so that when a film is formed by spin-coating a liquid precursor over the integrated circuits, the action of the spreading liquid relative to the diffuser features in proximity to topographic features minimizes radial streaks which would have been caused by the topographic features.

Abstract: The invention is a modified organic photoresist which is resistant to etching in oxygen-containing plasmas and therefore particularly useful for masking and etching organic polymer materials in VLSI and advanced packaging applications. The invention comprises adding a phosphorous-containing compound to a conventional photoresist. The phosphorous-containing compound is of a type and in an amount effective to substantially prevent etching of the modified photoresist in an oxygen-containing plasma without substantially adversely affecting the photosensitivity of the photoresist or the elasticity or the adhesion of the etch resistant film formed during oxygen-containing plasma exposure to an underlying material to be patterned and etched.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous coating composition containing a N-alkyl lactam dispersing aid and a water soluble metal salt having an atomic number greater than 50 dispersed in between about 4 and about 50 wt. % of an aqueous binder solution compatible with a binder employed for crystalline polyacetylenic crystals used in an imaging process.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, and a method of preparing the same and a method of image forming using the same photographic material. The photographic material comprises a support bearing, on one side thereof, a layer containing a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion comprised of silver halide grains having an average size of from 0.05 .mu.m to 0.3 .mu.m and gelatin and, on the other side thereof, a non-light-sensitive layer containing gelatin and at least one of the emulsion layer and the non-light-sensitive layer is brought into contact with air having a temperature of from 35.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. or relative humidity of from 5% to 25% for a period not shorter than 5 seconds to not longer than one minute, within 5 minutes from the point of time when the average surface temperature of said layer is raised up to a temperature 1.degree. C.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, having at least one hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a polyester support and having a polymer latex on at least one side of said polyester support, wherein both surfaces of said support are coated with a polymer layer comprising a copolymer containing from 50 to 99.5% by weight vinylidene chloride and wherein both polymer layers have a thickness of at least 0.3 .mu.m. A method for treating the silver halide photographic material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of obtaining a void free interface between a photosensitive dry film and substrate by applying uniform fluid pressure after vacuum lamination.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical memory element including the steps of disposing a resist film on a substrate, placing a photo-mask carrying a guide groove pattern on the resist film so as to position the photo-mask over a predetermined position of the substrate, forming a guide groove pattern latent image on the resist film, developing the guide groove pattern latent image formed on the resist film, conducting an etching operation through the developed guide groove pattern as to form guide grooves in the substrate, removing the resist film from the substrate, and disposing a recording medium layer on the substrate having the guide grooves formed therein.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a photographic material in which an assembly of superposed liquid photographic layers is coated onto the surface of a moving base support in such a way that the properties of the liquid photographic layers being coated are evaluated by their dynamic surface tensions.