Abstract: A process and apparatus for mixing two fluids by generating a pressure drop across a pair of surfaces each forming a wall of a mixing chamber and confronting one another while separating a respective source of fluid from the mixing chamber. The surfaces being provided with mutually aligned and opposing apertures thereby accelerating the respective gases through the apertures in opposing jets. The resulting mixture of the fluids is conducted away from the chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the surfaces.

Abstract: Formation of nitrogen oxides and/or soot is obviated by mixing recycled combustion gas with incoming comburant supplied to a burner via a distribution opening and controlling the mass flow rate of combustion gas being recycled with respect to the mass flow rate necessary for the gaseous comburant, the mixture being passed to the burner as a turbulent flow in which the ratio between the kinetic momentum flux of the mixture and the product of the radius of the said distribution opening times the axial movement quantity flux of the mixture has a value at least sufficient so that the said turbulent flow produces a recirculation of the said mixture within the combustion chamber in the form of a toroidal vortex.

Abstract: A film-evaporating combustion chamber with an evaporator pipe whose inner wall surfaces are wetted with a fuel film from a fuel supply installation, and in which the evaporating fuel is seized by a swirling combustion air flow sweeping along the inner diameter of the evaporator pipe so as to mix the film with the combustion air; the fuel supply installation is thereby equipped with at least one feedline which extends from the inside toward the inner wall of the evaporator pipe and whose discharge opening is located substantially in front of the inner wall.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for liquid fuels includes atomizing the liquid fuel, withdrawing heated air from an enclosure which is to be heated by the fuel, contacting the atomized liquid fuel with the heated air which is at a temperature sufficient to instantaneously vaporize the fuel and in a quantity sufficient to form a combustible mixture with the vaporized fuel, and burning the combustible mixture to heat the enclosure. In addition, a dual fuel system is disclosed which is capable of using either the aforementioned liquid fuel system and method or a natural gas combustible mixture.

Abstract: A heat extractor for stoves or other type heaters is disclosed. The extractor is mounted in the firebox. The extractor takes air from the room and circulates it through a closed air path in the firebox where it is heated to a high temperature and returned to the room. Air from the extractor is also supplied to the combustion chamber in a controlled manner so that the rate of fuel burning is affected. Alternative methods of supplying and controlling air to the combustion chamber are disclosed.

Abstract: A film evaporating combustion chamber, especially for vehicle gas turbines, which includes a radial guide cascade as guide wheel connected upstream of the inlet aperture of an evaporator pipe, which serves for producing a swirl of the combustion air; a pipe-shaped air guide housing encloses the evaporator pipe and an adjoining reaction chamber; the combustion air axially entering into the air guide housing is fed to the radial guide cascade from the outside by way of a deflection device inserted into the air guide housing and the air, after leaving the blade channels of the radial guide cascade, is then deflected in the axial direction.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for gas turbine engines or power plants having devices for the gaseous processing of the fuel which is introduced therein, characterized by the combination of the following features:A. The fuel ejection cone of at least one fuel nozzle arranged upstream of the flame tube back wall of the combustion chamber extends exteriorly along the flame tube backwall, the latter of which is conically shaped in conformance with the ejection cone;B. The combustion chamber has an air infeed hood essentially encompassing at least partially the flame tube backwall as well as the fuel nozzle, forming an annular or ring channel narrowing in the direction of the downstream end of the flame tube backwall and which, by means of plurality of apertures located immediately behind the flame tube backwall in the side walls of the flame tube, is in communication with the interior of the flame tube.

Abstract: A combustion means in which, when the combustion is effected, a flame is stably formed at a small distance from a fuel discharge nozzle is disclosed, which combustion means comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and an air feed cylinder and is characterized by the fact that a fuel discharge nozzle is disposed at the bottom of said outer cylinder, a path for gas circulation is constituted by the space intervening between said inner cylinder and outer cylinder, and air discharge opening from said air feed cylinder and a combustion gas suction inlet serving to establish communication between said inner cylinder and gas circulation path are disposed at one end of said gas circulation path, and a reflux opening serving to admit the gas from said gas circulation path into the inner cylinder is disposed at the other end of the gas circulation path.

Abstract: An improved burner for both liquid and gaseous fuels in which the combustion air is divided into at least two parts, comprising primary and secondary air. The primary air, which is insufficient to completely burn the fuel, creates a flame zone in which there is a deficiency of air, which produces quantities of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The combustion products are recirculated, cooled and re-entered into the combustion zone in the region of the fuel and primary air entry, resulting in a reduction in the oxides of nitrogen. The secondary air, in quantities greater than the primary air, is introduced into a second combustion zone downstream of the first combustion zone. In the second combustion zone the deficiency in air is made up by the secondary air so that complete combustion can be carried out. If desired, a third quantity of air can be introduced still farther downstream in the flame zone.

Abstract: A burner for burning a vaporizable liquid fuel comprising a cylindrical combustion chamber, the combustion chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a cylindrical vaporizing chamber, the vaporizing chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a first passage interconnecting the combustion chamber with the vaporizing chamber and serving as a mixing chamber, a second passage interconnecting the combustion chamber toward the combustion chamber outlet with the vaporizing chamber, for carrying hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber into the vaporizing chamber, a vaporizable liquid fuel inlet atomizer positioned along the axis of the vaporizing chamber to direct atomized liquid fuel thereinto, for vaporization therein of the fuel by the hot combustion gases, the atomizer being effected to support vaporization of the fuel before the same touches a wall, an air inlet at the interface of the first passage and the vaporizing chamber outlet, positioned to direct air under pressure through the first passage into the com

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally recombining gases comprising a first (heating) chamber in which the gases to be combined are initially heated to a temperature above the threshold for thermal combination or recombination, a second (reaction) chamber is formed to provide for mixing of previously reacted gases with the gases delivered from the first chamber, and a temperature control means responsive to the temperature in the second chamber for controlling the temperature to which the gases are initially heated in the first chamber.

Abstract: A recirculating burner for burning a vaporizable liquid fuel comprising a housing, a combustion chamber in the housing, with inlet and outlet, a vaporizing chamber, with inlet and outlet, an air inlet for directing air under pressure into the combustion chamber, a fuel inlet atomizer, adjacent to the vaporizing chamber inlet, for automizing vaporizable liquid fuel and directing the fuel into the vaporizing chamber, a gaseous fuel inlet for feeding gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber, a first passage interconnecting the combustion chamber toward the combustion chamber outlet with the vaporizing chamber inlet, for receiving hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber, a second passage effectively interconnecting the vaporizing chamber outlet with the combustion chamber inlet, the air inlet communicating with the second passage, and a vortex generator at the interface of the fuel inlet atomizer, the first passage, and the vaporizing chamber inlet, the generator being rotatable with respect to the housi

Abstract: A burner for burning a vaporizable liquid fuel, comprising a suction chamber, a combustion chamber, an air inlet to the suction chamber, a vaporizing chamber, a first passage interconnecting the combustion chamber with the vaporizing chamber, a second passage interconnecting the vaporizing chamber with the suction chamber, a liquid fuel inlet atomizer connected to the vaporizing chamber, and a vortex generator at the interface of the fuel inlet atomizer, first passage, and vaporizing chamber, the generator swirling hot combustion gases from the first passage into a vortex, into which vortex the fuel inlet atomizer directs atomized liquid fuel, the first passage, vortex generator, vaporizing chamber, and second passage together defining a recirculation path, the path having sufficient width to maintain blue-flame combustion, whereby the fuel will be vaporized by hot combustion gases as it passes through the vortex generator and the vaporizing chamber, the air inlet creating a suction which draws hot combustion

Abstract: A process and apparatus are described for producing hydrogen-rich product gases by mixing a spray of liquid hydrocarbon with a stream of air in a startup procedure and the mixture is ignited for partial oxidation, then the stream of air is heated by the resulting combustion to reach a temperature such that a signal is produced. The signal triggers a two way valve which directs liquid hydrocarbon from a spraying mechanism to a vaporizing mechanism with which a vaporized hydrocarbon is formed. The vaporized hydrocarbon is subsequently mixed with the heated air in the combustion chamber where partial oxidation takes place and hydrogen-rich product gases are produced.

Abstract: A burner for burning gasified liquid fuel such as oil, in which the fuel is gasified by being mixed with hot burned gases drawn from the combustion chamber, is provided in which the normal thermal stresses found in such burners due to the return of the hot burned gases for gasifying are substantially reduced and, at the same time, start-up time is reduced. Minimization of the thermal stresses is accomplished by utilizing the heat of vaporization of the oil or other fuel to cool the hot returning gases, and so limit thermal expansion, by having the gasification of the fuel commence at a pre-selected adjusted distance from the hot gas outlet of the burner, according to the particular application and ambient conditions in which the burner is installed. This permits elimination of a gasification chamber, which in some cases has been required to provide a preheating area for the oil, and so further reduces stresses.

Abstract: A combustion system with provisions to minimize undesired exhaust products including carbon monoxide, incompletely burned fuel, and oxides of nitrogen. Air entering the combustion zone of the combustion apparatus is mixed with a relatively large amount of recirculated combustion products, preferably about twice the weight of the fresh air entering the combustion zone. The combustion products which are recirculated are cooled by heat exchange with air flowing to a dilution zone of the combustion apparatus where the combustion products and air are mixed to provide the high temperature gas output of the system which is the motive fluid of a gas turbine.The recirculated combustion products are cooled to reduce temperature in the combustion zone and thereby nitrogen oxide formation and the heat extracted from the recirculated combustion products is transferred to the dilution air. The combustion products delivered from the combustion zone to the dilution zone may be diverted ahead of or after the heat exchange.

Abstract: An oil burner consists of an outer jacket surrounded and spaced from an inner burner tube to provide a surrounding counterflow chamber. Jacket and tube project horizontally inwards from the surrounding combustion chamber wall. Counterflow chamber is substantially closed at both ends. Tube projects inwardly beyond counterflow chamber and terminates in an upfacing burner head. Communication exists at opposite ends of the part of tube surrounded by counterflow chamber. At startup a tongue of flame travels through tube from an injector nozzle. Part of flame counterflows back through surrounding chamber and recirculates through tube. Another part of flame proceeds on to burner head. When parts sufficiently heated, flame in tube is caused to be extinguished and is replaced by hot clear blue flame jets from burner and a multiapertured band in tube within limits of counterflow chamber at end thereof remote from nozzle where counterflow originates.