Abstract: A fuel fume generator kit with a fuel tank having a fuel entry chamber and a vacuum chamber separated by a baffle, said baffle having apertures defined at the bottom thereof to allow the fuel to pass from the entry chamber to the vacuum chamber; means to heat the fuel in said tank; means to provide vacuum to the vacuum chamber to cause the fuel therein to create fumes; means to carry the fuel fumes to pressure means to be then pressurized in a line extending to the device in which the vaporized fuel is to be burned having on the pressure line a reserve tank to build up and contain a pressure therein to help maintain a constant pressure at the device where the fuel is to be burned; and a pressure switch controlling the pressure in the pressure line interconnected to the pressure means with a pressure relief valve operated at a set pressure level on the pressure line near the device to be operated.

Abstract: A heating system comprising the combination of storage vessels (10, 12) for conventional heating oil and waste oil, respectively, and in which the two storage vessels (10, 12) are effectively sealed apart, one from the other. At the initial stage of heating, conventional heating oil generates temperature of a predetermined amount and the waste oil from vessel (12) is thereafter utilized after having been heated either from a feedback of heat (26, 28) developed by the conventional heating oil from vessel (10) or by a separate electrical resistor element (133), such heating making the waste oil effective as a heating medium. The flows from the two storage vessels (10, 12) containing the waste oil and conventional oil, are pressure controlled (64, 84) so that relief pressure feedback (70, 82) is provided in each distribution network (14, 30).

Abstract: An oil burner system includes a burner nozzle connected to a supply of fuel oil by a nozzle assembly having integrated therein an electric heater for prewarming the oil fed to the nozzle. The nozzle assembly has first connector at one end directly connected to the burner nozzle and a second connector at its other end directly connected to an oil supply conduit. The preheater comprises an elongated rectangular PTC heating resistor having a pair of parallel sides of greater width than the thickness of the resistor and coextensive electrical contacts extending longitudinally and transversely in electrical engagement with the parallel sides. A pair of parallel flattened thin wall metal conduit sections extend coextensively between the first and second connectors and define thin unimpeded generally rectangular cross section flow path for the oil to be heated.

Abstract: A pressure atomizing liquid fuel burner having an improved turndown ratio is disclosed along with a method of increasing the turndown ratio in such burners. The burner includes means for adding an amount of gas to the liquid fuel prior to the injection of the fuel which causes the liquid fuel to foam such that a liquid-gas foamed mixture is injected. The relative amounts of the aeration gas and the liquid fuel are controlled such that the injection velocity is maintained relatively constant over a wide turndown ratio in the liquid fuel. The aeration gas to be added to the liquid fuel may be preheated prior to the addition of the gas to the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A vaporizing apparatus includes a vaporizing chamber for producing vapors from a hydrocarbon fuel which are drawn into a mixing chamber by pressurized air, and the mixture is delivered to a manifold where a portion is return to the vaporizing chamber and ignited for heating and vaporization, a safety control system sensing the presence of a flame and the temperature of the vaporization chamber and interrupts flow of vapors when the flame is absent or the temperature is outside prescribed limits. A starter burner which uses the hydrocarbon fuel as a combustible material for preheating the vaporizing chamber is also automatically shut off by the control system when the vaporization chamber reaches the operating temperature. The starter burner includes a mixing valve and a combustion chamber with mixing chamber therebetween for drawing ambient air into the mixture of pressurized air and combustible material.

Abstract: A heating system comprising the combination of storage vessels (10, 12) for conventional heating oil and waste oil, respectively, and in which the two storage vessels (10, 12) are effectively sealed apart, one from the other. At the initial stage of heating, conventional heating oil generates temperature of a predetermined amount and the waste oil from vessel (12) is thereafter utilized after having been heated either from a feedback of heat (26, 28) developed by the conventional heating oil from vessel (10) or by a separate electrical resistor element (133), such heating making the waste oil effective as a heating medium. The flows from the two storage vessels (10, 12) containing the waste oil and conventional oil, are pressure controlled (64, 84) so that relief pressure feedback (70, 82) is provided in each distribution network (14, 30).

Abstract: An oil feed system for an oil burner is disclosed. The feed system includes an oil preheater through which the oil is pumped to ensure that the oil fed to the burner nozzle is warm enough to ignite easily and completely. A purge line is provided to recirculate the standing oil in the supply line which leads to the burner nozzle back through the heater so that on start up cold oil is not sprayed from the nozzle. A solenoid valve in the purge line opens for a predetermined time initially during which oil is recirculated. It is not necessary to close off the burner nozzle during this period because the nozzle presents a considerably higher resistance to the oil than the purge line which is connected through the solenoid valve to the suction side of the feed pump with the result that the cold oil flows directly to the purge line.

Abstract: To improve the overall efficiency of heat recuperation in a burner installation, an additional or auxiliary heat exchanger (25) is positioned adjacent the burner (4) immediately behind a heat exchanger recuperator (12) for combustion air, the additional heat exchanger having a heat carrier medium, such as water, pressurized water, heat transfer oil, or the like, circulated therethrough for recuperation of additional heat from the exhaust gases and utilization, for example for space heating, hot water supply, or the like, in a further heat exchanger (28). The heat transfer efficiency of the burner system can thereby be improved to provide for a burner operating at for example 1000.degree. C., of final exhaust gas temperatures in the order of 200.degree. C. which, without the additional or auxiliary heat exchanger, would be exhausted at about 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and plant for recovering heat from smoke gases in combustion plants, whereat the combustion air is compressed prior to being supplied to the combustion chamber of the plant. The compressed smoke gases from the combustion chamber are cooled, at a pressure which exceeds 1.5 atmospheres, to a temperature beneath 100.degree. C., preferably beneath 80.degree. C., and are then caused to expand in a turbine, whereat the energy released by said expansion is utilized for compressing the air of combustion.The plant comprises one or more compressors (2) which are arranged upstream of the combustion chamber (6) of the combustion plant and which compress the air of combustion; and a turbine (9) arranged downstream of the combustion chamber or chambers (6) for expanding the compressed smoke gases.

Abstract: There is provided an improved combination oil and gas nozzle comprising a housing, a forward portion of which includes an enclosed chamber adjacent at least a part of a combustion zone, a gas inlet into said housing leading to a mixing chamber within said housing, an air inlet into said housing leading to said mixing chamber, a series of passages leading from said mixing chamber to a rearward portion of said combustion zone, an oil lance and nozzle extending through the rear portion of said housing and extending essentially centrally into said combustion zone downstream of the outlet of said series of passages, an oil inlet to said essentially annular chamber and an oil passage from said chamber to said oil nozzle. There is further provided a method of utilizing oil and gas in combination in such a nozzle.

Abstract: A heating device for preheating heating oil flowing through a pipe has a heat conduction body to which a plate-shaped ceramic PTC resistance heating element is connected in heat exchange-relationship. The heating element has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 2 millimeters, a Curie temperature between 120.degree. and 220.degree. C. and a specific resistance of 430 to 5000 ohm-cm rated at a supply voltage between 110 and 220 volts such that the maximum temperature achieved by the heating element over a range of heat transfer rates is relatively constant and is determined by the resistivity and the Curie temperature of the heating element rather than by the rate of heat transfer. If designed for energization at 220 volts, the heating element has the same thickness and Curie temperature as in the first example described above, but with a specific resistance of 1700 to 20,000 ohm-cm as measured at 220 volts.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for dosing the air-fuel mixture in burners of the type which is formed with an evaporator tube (9) through which fuel and some amount of combustion air is introduced in the combustion chamber (1) and in said combustion chamber is mixed with further combustion air and is inflamed. The optimum amount of combustion air is determined for different amounts of fuel and for different reference temperatures in a predetermined point of the evaporator tube (9) adjacent the mouth (10) thereof in the combustion chamber (1), and the temperature of the air-fuel mixture is measured by means of a thermo element (41) in the said point of the evaporator tube (9).

Abstract: Fuels containing fixed-nitrogen chemical species are combusted in a multi-stage process. The process which converts substantially all of the fixed-nitrogen into molecular nitrogen (and thus avoids the formation of significant amounts of nitrogen oxides from the fixed-nitrogen) consists of four steps: (a) mixing said fuel with at least one first oxidizing agent in amounts such that the equivalence ratio of said fuel to said oxidizing agent is at least about 1.4; (b) partially combusting the mixture resulting from step (a) in at least one first stage at a first temperature of about 1850.degree. to about 2150.degree. K., with a residence time of at least 0.03 second; (c) mixing the combustion products resulting from step (b) with at least one second oxidizing agent in an amount such that the equivalence ratio of combustion products to the total amount of oxidizing agents in the mixture will be about 1.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for the vaporization of liquid fuel oils to produce a gaseous mixture suitable for burning in a burner normally designed for operation utilizing natural gas.

Abstract: The burner is provided with a hollow vaporizing body, with a combustion initiating means, with heating means for starting up and with means for applying a method of burning, comprising the distinct and successive three phases:(a) vaporization of the liquid fuel protected from the flame,(b) mixing of the vaporized fuel obtained in phase (a), with a combustion supporter such as air, in a special chamber, protected from the flame,(c) combustion of the mixture obtained from phase (b), in a suitable zone, separate from the vaporizing and mixing zones.

Abstract: A burner is connected to a fuel line and to an air supply line. A countercurrent recuperator is attached to the burner for providing heat exchange between the supply air and the exhaust gases. The recuperator has a frictional flow resistance to the exhaust gases and the supply air resulting in a pressure differential between entrance and exit of supply air, which is highly temperature dependent. This pressure differential is employed for self-controlling the relative supply air flow to the burner at different operating temperatures.

Abstract: For use as a replacement for existing gas to burners, oil having an API gravity of about 10-80 is preheated and mixed with about 0.1 to 1 pound of steam per pound of oil, at a pressure of about 30-150 pounds per square inch gauge. The resulting mixture is heated to a temperature above the condensation temperature of the mixture, the temperature being approximately in the range of 450.degree.-800.degree. F. The mixture has flow properties which are essentially equivalent to those of gas under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. The mixture is delivered to the nozzle of the gas burner and is burned therein.An apparatus is provided for burning either oil or gas, and includes a gas burner having nozzle means for mixing air and gas, a gas conduit connected thereto, and an oil supply also connected to the burner, the oil supply being fed from an oil vaporizing apparatus as just described above.

Abstract: A method for the operation of combustion devices such as burners and internal-combustion engines, in which liquid hydrocarbon such as straight-run gasoline, heating oil and diesel fuel, are mixed with gasification primary air, and the resulting mixture is conducted into a reaction chamber containing metal bodies composed of an Al-Si eutectic with a primary phase of form about 15 to about 35 weight percent of silicon distributed therein, and in which from about 5 to about 30 weight percent of the aluminum is in the form of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and in which from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the silicon is in the form of .beta.-SiC, where the liquid hydrocarbon is partially oxidized at elevated temperatures into a soot-free fuel gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons, and the fuel gas mixture is mixed with secondary air and the fuel gas/secondary air mixture is conducted into the combustion device.

Abstract: A burner body defines a combustion zone and a secondary dilution zone. A first inlet opening leads to the combustion zone to admit fuel and air while a second inlet opening leads to the secondary dilution zone. The burner body contains a tertiary dilution zone connected to a third inlet opening. The secondary dilution zone is positioned downstream from the combustion zone and the tertiary dilution zone is positioned downstream from the secondary dilution zone.The flow areas of the first inlet opening and the second inlet opening is arranged to have a constant ratio. An air passage supplies air to the first, second and third inlet openings and a flow controller is positioned to control the air flow through the third inlet opening. When the flow controller is closed, air flows from the passage through the first and second inlet openings, while, when the flow controller is open, air flows from the passage through the first, second and third inlet openings.

Abstract: A continuous process for the combustion of carbonaceous fuels under conditions such that oxides of nitrogen are not formed and oxides of sulfur and particles of ash are effectively prevented from contaminating the gaseous products released to the atmosphere. Fuel is charged as a slurry in alkaline aqueous solution and contacted with combustion air so that the catalytic properties of both water and alkali operate to permit rapid and complete combustion at unusually low temperatures. Useful heat is extracted from the heated mixture. At the low combustion temperatures, sulfur in the fuel oxidizes to the trioxide which dissolves completely in the alkaline liquid phase which also retains particles of ash and unburned fuel.

Abstract: An oil burner with a combustion chamber has a microwave energy source connected to the fuel supply line to heat the fuel and connected to the air supply line to apply an electric field at the nozzle to the fuel spray and the area of combustion in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuel wherein liquid hydrocarbon fuel is mixed with vapor to provide a vapor product which is heated. The heated vapor product is mixed with additional liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide a second vapor product comprising vaporized hydrocarbon fuel. The heating of vapor product and mixing of additional liquid hydrocarbon fuel can be done until a desired amount of liquid hydrocarbon fuel is vaporized.

Abstract: Byproducts obtained in the preparation of phthalic anhydride are treated by heating the byproducts to a temperature sufficient to maintain the byproducts in a molten state and thereafter atomizing the molten byproducts with atomizing air having a temperature of at least 60.degree. C. for combustion. The byproducts may be low boiling point and/or high boiling point fractions obtained in the purification step by distillation of crude phthalic anhydride produced by the partial oxidation of ortho-xylene or naphthalene.

Abstract: An oil burner comprising an oil/air jet nozzle has a central oil orifice and an outer air orifice; a chamber for oil connected through a control valve to the central orifice; means for supplying air under pressure through a pressure responsive switch and a control valve to the outer orifice, for atomizing oil from the central orifice; means for supplying combustion air through a conduit around the nozzle; an electrically operated ignition means adjacent the nozzle; means for detecting the absence of ignition; and control means operated by the detecting means and the pressure responsive switch for closing the valves on absence of air under pressure, for actuating the ignition means on the detection of the absence of ignition, and for closing the valves on failure of the ignition means to ignite the oil/gas mixture from the nozzle.

Abstract: Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner, which includes preparatory apparatus for the atomization of liquid fuel oil preferably by a diluent gas, and the heating of the fuel droplets and diluent gas so as to completely vaporize the liquid fuel. If atomization is by other means, diluent gas is added prior to vaporization heating. The resulting oil vapor-diluent gas mixture then goes to a burner which utilizes the central orifice of a conventional gas burner. Primary air is induced into the burner tube due to the high velocity of jets of oil vapor-diluent gas. The diluent gas permits low vapor pressure of oil vapor and thus lower operating temperature. For the use of gaseous fuel, the same burner is utilized. The diluent gas can be preferably any noncombustible and non-oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: Fuel is burned in two chambers, the first with excessive air to produce combustion gases containing oxygen and the second using cooled combustion gases from the first to constitute the oxidizing medium. Preferably the proportions of fuel in the two chambers are equal and the combustion gases are cooled to about 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the thermal after-burning of waste gases containing combustible substances capable of forming an explosive mixture with air in a specific concentration range comprises feeding the waste gas undiluted to a flame with a concentration of combustible substances which varies between the lower and the upper explosion limits, feeding the waste gas to the combustion zone at an entry speed higher than 10 m/sec, and discontinuing the supply of waste gas when a limit temperature of 80.degree. C. is exceeded in the waste gas shortly before its entry into the combustion zone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to control a process to replace natural gas with vaporized fuel oil whereby fuel oil is mixed with a gaseous diluent and partially vaporized, liquids separated out, superheated and burned in a natural gas burner without major modification to the burner is disclosed. The control system is:1. a liquid level controller sensing the liquid level in the separator to automatically control the flow of the fuel oil to the vaporizer,2. a ratio flow controller sensing the flow of the fuel oil and of the diluent to the vaporizer to automatically control the flow of the diluent to a set ratio of the flow of the fuel oil,3. a pressure controller sensing the pressure at the vaporizer outlet and downstream overhead to automatically control the heat input to the vaporizer and optionally,4. a flow control valve set to automatically control the flow of the separator overhead to the burner; also,5.

Abstract: A method to replace natural gas with vaporized fuel oil is disclosed. The method, in general, is mixing the fuel oil with a diluent, such as steam, then vaporizing a portion of the mixed fuel oil in a vaporizer, then separating the liquid from the vapor, then maintaining the vapor at from about 50.degree. to 300.degree. F. above the dew point of the mixed vapor and diluent and preferably maintaining the pressure of the mixed vapor and diluent at about 75 to 150 psig, above the pressure downstream of a valve controlling flow of the vapor mixed with diluent, and burning the vapor in a burner designed for natural gas without major modifications to the burner. The temperature and pressure can be maintained by heat from the vaporizer or by adding heat from a superheater.

Abstract: An industrial process oven is provided with a false outer skin spaced from the oven wall. A plurality of air currents are induced and estalished in a like plurality of air passages provided between the oven wall and the outer skin. As ambient air passes over the oven wall it is preheated. The preheated air from the plurality of air passages is collected in a transfer duct and conveyed to an oven heater where its temperature is further raised to a desired operating temperature.

Abstract: A powdery substance in suspension state is heated with the high-temperature combustion waste gas exhausted from a glass tank furnace, and the air for combustion is heated with the thus heated powder substance. When the powdery substance employed is a raw material for preparing glass, the raw materials for preparing glass and the air for combustion to be supplied to the glass tank furnace are both heated therewith thereby contributing to effective recovery of the heat of the combustion waste gas.

Abstract: A method of converting a combustor from hydrocarbonaceous fuel to carbonaceous fuel characterized by the following multi step process. Oxygen-enriched gas is provided and the carbonaceous fuel is burned in a primary combustor in the presence of the oxygen-enriched gas to produce a high temperature, combustible product gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and produce a molten slag in the bottom that contains materials that would normally polute the atmosphere in a low temperature combustion process. The slag is withdrawn from the primary combustion chamber. Inert gas is employed to isolate and cool the explosive product gas and transfer the heat to a second combustion-supporting gas, such as air being supplied to the combustor. The less hot product gas is passed to the combustor and burned in the heated air. The waste gases that are produced by burning the product gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen have much lower concentrations of pollutants therein.

Abstract: A simple and highly efficient fuel handling and combustion system and method are provided. The system includes preheating coils surrounding a perforated outer secondary air cylinder and a perforated inside fire control cone, in which combustion occurs. After flowing through the preheating coils, the fuel is compressed in at least one compression chamber before being released to the interior of the inside fire control cone through a spud orifice. Air mixes with the fuel only after the fuel is released from the spud. Substantially 100% combustion is achieved.

Abstract: A process for preparing a gasiform hydrocarbon fuel from a hydrocarbon fuel oil, and maintaining same in such form into a gasiform burner, which comprises:(a) partially vaporizing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil having a gravity of about 10.degree.-50.degree. A.P.I. at a temperature of 350.degree.-675.degree. F. in the presence of 5-90 percent by weight of non-oxidizing gas based on the weight of the vaporized portion of said hydrocarbon fuel oil, thereby producing a gasiform hydrocarbon fuel and a liquid residue, said gasiform hydrocarbon fuel consisting essentially of said vaporized liquid hydrocarbon and said non-oxidizing gas;(b) separating said gasiform hydrocarbon from said liquid residue; and(c) superheating said gasiform fuel to maintain said gasiform fuel in the vapor state unitl it is burned, and(d) thereafter burning said gasiform fuel in said gasiform burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fuels with air, with reduced production of NOx, involves the premixing of water vapor with the fuel prior to the burning operation. Because of the low retention of water vapor at low temperatures, means are provided for preheating the fuel and spraying water into the fuel so that water vapor will be taken up by the heated fuel in sufficient quantity to provide the desired results. Various embodiments of apparatus are illustrated.

Abstract: A film-evaporating combustion chamber with an evaporator pipe whose inner wall surfaces are wetted with a fuel film from a fuel supply installation, and in which the evaporating fuel is seized by a swirling combustion air flow sweeping along the inner diameter of the evaporator pipe so as to mix the film with the combustion air; the fuel supply installation is thereby equipped with at least one feedline which extends from the inside toward the inner wall of the evaporator pipe and whose discharge opening is located substantially in front of the inner wall.

Abstract: This invention relates to welding, brazing or the like utilizing a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen generated in substantially stoichiometric proportions in an electrolytic cell by electrical dissociation of water, the mixture so generated being passed from the generator through a flashback arrestor and thence to a burner where the gases are ignited. The invention also relates to atomic welding in which the above mentioned mixture is passed through an arc causing dissociation of both the hydrogen and oxygen into atomic hydrogen and oxygen which on recombination generate an intensely hot flame.

Abstract: This invention relates to a kerosene vapor stove with an automatic fuel feeding system. There are two ways of vaporizing the kerosene. When the stove is about to be lighted, kerosene is channelled into a preliminary preheating tube to be heated up to a high temperature within a short time. The heated kerosene under pressure passes through a nozzle and shoots through an air gap into a mixing tube, vaporizing in the process. The mixture of the kerosene vapor and air is delivered into a burner where it burns. After the stove has been lighted for about two minutes, the loop of tube above the burner will be well heated. This tube is a part of the normal path for kerosene. Kerosene is now channelled through this tube for preheating, utilizing the heat produced by the burner to effect vaporization. The automatic feeding of the kerosene is accomplished through using a steel container containing kerosene up to 80% of its volume. A tube extends from the outlet valve of the container down to its bottom.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oil burner system for burning residual type fuel oils in a high temperature combustion zone or chamber, which includes a method and apparatus for operating the system to maintain the fuel oil at a low viscosity while preventing thermal failure by destruction of the burner which protrudes into the combustion zone or chamber. The fuel oil is preheated and introduced into an oil tube extending through a high temperature furnace wall into the combustion zone or chamber, and also a heated fluid is introduced into the oil tube for passage therethrough with the fuel oil, while the outer periphery of the oil tube is cooled where it passes through the furnace wall and into the high temperature combustion zone or chamber, as well as fabricating the oil tube from a material having a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling fluency of hydrocarbon fluids having a kinematic viscosity in the range of 350 seconds Saybolt Universal to 10,000 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100.degree. F. Electromagnetic waves generated by a power source are directed through a dielectric medium towards a contained hydrocarbon fluid of the foregoing type. The electromagnetic energy is converted into thermal energy within the hydrocarbon fluid for controlling its fluency.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for liquid fuels includes atomizing the liquid fuel, withdrawing heated air from an enclosure which is to be heated by the fuel, contacting the atomized liquid fuel with the heated air which is at a temperature sufficient to instantaneously vaporize the fuel and in a quantity sufficient to form a combustible mixture with the vaporized fuel, and burning the combustible mixture to heat the enclosure. In addition, a dual fuel system is disclosed which is capable of using either the aforementioned liquid fuel system and method or a natural gas combustible mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the combustion of pulverized coal, wherein the pulverized coal is introduced into a conditioned atmosphere having an overpressure, the overpressure being used to accelerate a flame jet, and wherein the flame jet is injected into an atmosphere having a temperature below the ash melting temperature of the fired coal.

Abstract: A method for combusting nitrogen-containing fuel by: combusting a first fuel-air mixture in the presence of a catalyst in a first stage, operated fuel-rich so that the amount of air in the first stage is substantially less than the amount needed for complete combustion; adding additional air to the effluent gas from the first stage to form a second mixture with an amount of air at least sufficient to combust fully the effluent from the first stage; and then combusting the second mixture in a second stage. The first mixture is sufficiently fuel-rich, and the second mixture contains sufficient additional air, so that the combustion temperature in the first stage is below a temperature that would result in any substantial formation of oxides of nitrogen or other fixed nitrogen compounds from atmospheric nitrogen present in the mixture being combusted, and the second stage temperature also is below that for substantial nitrogen oxide formation therefrom.

Abstract: A gas combustion plant or apparatus comprising a combustion chamber, a burner for introducing the gas to the combustion chamber and a tubular heat exchanger for preheating the gas to be combusted, by heat exchange with the hot combustion gases. The burner and the tubular heat exchanger are combined in that the straight, parallel tubes are provided in a uniformly distributed pattern over the cross-section of one end portion of the combustion chamber. The end of the tubes adjacent the end of the combustion chamber are connected to an inlet for the gas to be combusted, which are accordingly introduced into the combustion chamber through the tubes at a high velocity creating a desired turbulence in the portion of the combustion chamber in front of the tube orifices.

Abstract: Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner, which includes preparatory apparatus for the atomization of liquid fuel oil preferably by steam, and the heating of the fuel droplets and steam so as to completely vaporize the liquid fuel. If atomization is by other means, steam is added prior to vaporization heating. The resulting oil vapor-steam mixture then goes to a burner which utilizes the central orifice of a conventional gas burner, plus an annular orifice concentric with the gas orifice, through which steam is supplied. Primary air is induced into the burner tube due to the high velocity jets of steam and of oil vapor-steam. The steam protects the hot vapor from the air until the combination issues from the end of the burner tube. For the use of gaseous fuel, the same burner is utilized except that the steam flow is turned off since the steam is not needed for the induction of the primary air, due to the higher velocity of the jets of gas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vaporizing and subsequently aerosolizing combustible fuel for use in a heating burner. Vaporized fuel is dispensed into a condensation area to form an aerosol fuel mixed with air. The aerosol fuel has relatively even sized particles which are generally less than 1 micron in diameter. The aerosol fuel is further mixed with air to provide a desired air-to-fuel ratio for use in the combustion area of a heating burner.

Abstract: An arrangement to produce high efficiency gas phase combustion of liquid fuels. A liquid fuel, such as conventional heating oil, is pumped through a heat exchanger immersed in a liquid bath whose temperature is maintained at a level which is sufficiently high to cause the fuel to gassify but low enough to preclude undesirable chemical decomposition. The liquid bath is contained within an element which is directly exposed to a flame produced by the combustion of the gasified liquid fuel. The liquid bath temperature is controlled by varying the amount of surface area exposed to the flame or by internal forced circulation of the bath liquid. The gasified fuel is injected into an air or oxidizing gas stream and allowed to premix prior to combustion. Combustion is initiated by a spark or pilot flame and is stabilized by a flameholder.

Abstract: An oil burner, heating system has a supplementary system for delivering enriched, flammable, vapor, under pressure, to a vapor burner tip located within the flame pattern produced by the conventional atomized fuel burner tip. The vapor is formed by diverting a portion of the liquid fuel, pressurized by the burner pump, through a coil in the combustion chamber and thence to an outlet below the level of water in a pressure tank. The heated oil bubbles up through the water, and through a layer of oil floating thereon, to the upper portion of the tank for supply to the vapor tip.

Abstract: New combustors, and methods of operating same, which produce lower emissions, particularly lower emissions of nitrogen oxide and CO, are provided. Means and methods are provided for supplying separate streams of air to first and second combustion regions of a combustor, and expanding combustion products when passing same from said first combustion region to said second combustion region. The combustors of the invention are characterized by the relatively small volume of said first combustion region as compared to the total volume of said first combustion region and said second combustion region; and methods and means provided for introducing first and second streams of air to said first and second regions, respectively. In some embodiments of the invention unheated air is used in the first combustion region. In other embodiments of the invention heated air is used in said first combustion region.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling .Iadd.the .Iaddend.fluency of hydrocarbon fluids having a kinematic viscosity in the range of 350 seconds Saybolt Universal to 10,000 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100.degree. F. Electromagnetic waves generated by a power source are directed through a dielectric medium towards a contained hydrocarbon fluid of the foregoing type. The electromagnetic energy is converted into thermal energy within the hydrocarbon fluid for controlling its fluency. .Iadd.The hydrocarbon fluid whose fluency is to be controlled may be located within a geological substrate to which the electromagnetic energy is applied. .Iaddend.