Abstract: A compact long nip fusing apparatus including (a) a frame; (b) a rotatable first member for mounting to the frame; (c) a heat source for heating the first rotatable member; and (d) a rotatable and compressable pneumatic member forming a long fusing nip against the first rotatable member for contacting and fusing a fusible image.

Abstract: A roller for use in a fuser assembly of a reproduction apparatus adapted to operate at an elevated temperature up to in the range of approximately 750° F. The roller includes a generally elongated substantially cylindrical tube. End gudgeons are provided for sealing the ends of the cylindrical tube. Each of the end gudgeons is respectively associated with an end of the cylindrical tube such that after a weld joint is formed between the cylindrical tube and the end gudgeon, the end gudgeon provides a compression joint to prevent the cylindrical tube from separating from the end gudgeon, due to material creep, at elevated operating temperatures.

Abstract: A fusing station including an externally heated deformable fuser roller and a relatively harder pressure roller, the fuser roller including a heat distribution layer. A fuser roller embodiment includes a core member, a base cushion layer around the core member, a heat storage layer around the base cushion layer, a heat distribution layer around the heat storage layer, and a thin gloss control layer around the heat distribution layer. Ratios of thermal conductivity divided by thickness for the layers are, respectively: for the base cushion layer, less than approximately 13.3 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.; for the heat storage layer, approximately between 300 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.-1400 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.; for the heat distribution layer, approximately between 600 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.-4,800 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.; and, for the gloss control layer, approximately between 600 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.-6,000 BTU/hr/ft2/°F.

Abstract: A structurally improved fusing roller assembly based on a heat pipe principle is provided. The fusing roller assembly includes a fusing roller that serves as a heat pipe, and a resistance heater and/or a halogen lamp inside the fusing roller, so that the surface of the fusing roller can be instantaneously heated up to a target fusing temperature. The fusing roller assembly can be heated up to a target fusing temperature within a shorter period of time without need for a warm-up period and a stand-by period, so that power consumption decreases.

Abstract: A fusing roller of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is provided. The fusing roller includes an internal pipe having enclosed both ends in which a vacuum state of predetermined pressure is maintained and a predetermined amount of working fluid is stored, a fusing portion installed to surround the internal pipe, and a heating portion comprised of a helical resistance heating coil which is installed between the fusing portion and the internal pipe and generates heat. The distance between windings becomes smaller at the ends of the fusing roller than at the center to compensate for the higher dissipation of heat at the ends of the fusing roller than at the center. The result is a fusing roller that can quickly heat up and that has a uniform temperature along the surface of the fusing roller from end to end.

Abstract: A fusing apparatus of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes an internal pipe having a tubular body portion and end portions integrally formed with the body portion at both ends of the body portion, a heat-generating portion installed to wrap the body portion to be in close contact with the body portion without a gap and to generate heat, and a fusing roller installed to wrap the heat-generating portion. The fusing apparatus provides a perfect contact between the heat-generating portion and the internal pipe, thereby maintaining an entire surface of the fusing roller at a uniform temperature without a temperature deviation. Therefore, an optimal efficiency in fixing a toner image on printer paper can be achieved.

Abstract: A fixing device according to the present invention includes a fixing belt and heats up a record medium having a developed image, a pressure roller pinches and conveys the record medium together with the fixing belt and fixes the developed image, a heating roller contacts the fixing belt and heats up the fixing belt at a specified temperature, and a heater that is arranged in the heating roller and displaced toward the radius direction of the contact side with the fixing belt from the rotational center of the heating roller and heats up the heating roller. Further, in the heating roller, the heater is arranged so as to be displaced toward the radius direction at the upstream side of the transfer direction of the fixing belt from the central position of the contact area of the fixing belt and the heating roller.

Abstract: A fusing device of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a tubular internal pipe sealed at its ends to maintain a predetermined internal pressure to accommodate a predetermined amount of a working fluid in its inner space, a heater installed to wrap the internal pipe to generate heat, a power supply unit electrically connected to the heater to supply an external power to the heater, a cylindrical roller installed to wrap the heater, and end caps installed at both ends of the cylindrical roller. Each of the end caps includes a large-diameter portion in which an electrode electrically connected to the power supply unit is to be installed, and a small-diameter portion fittingly fixed to the end of the cylindrical roller by a locking unit. The fusing device has the end caps at both ends of a fusing roller to supply securely electricity from the power supply unit to the heater supplying heat to the fusing roller, thereby providing a maximized durability and operating safety to the fusing roller.

Abstract: A fusing device for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes: a heat pipe having a tubular shape and containing a predetermined amount of a working fluid, the heat pipe being hermetically sealed at both of its ends; a fusing roller surrounding the heat pipe; a heater installed between the fusing roller and the heat pipe for generating heat; and a power connecting unit for transmitting external electric power to the heater. The heater includes: a resistive coil for generating heat using the electric power transmitted by the power connecting unit, the resistive coil not being covered with a protective coating layer; a first insulation layer providedon the inside of the fusing roller so as to contact the resistive coil; a second insulation layer provided on the outside of the heat pipe so as to contact the resistive coil; and leads for connecting the resistive coil to the power connecting unit at both ends of the heater.

Abstract: For fusing toner images to receiver members, a fusing station is disclosed including an externally heated deformable fuser roller, and a relatively harder pressure roller. The fuser roller includes a core member, a base cushion layer around the core member, a heat storage layer around the base cushion layer, and a thin gloss control layer around the heat storage layer, which fuser roller has an improved fusing efficiency. A ratio of thermal conductivity of the heat storage layer divided by thermal conductivity of the base cushion layer is preferably in a range of approximately between 1.5-7.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus of the present invention comprises a fixing roller arranged opposite to a heating roller in a spaced-apart relation, a fixing belt spanned between the fixing roller and the heating roller and adapted to be run in a continuous manner to transmit heat from the heating roller to the fixing roller, a pressure applying roller set in pressure contact with the fixing roller through the fixing belt to heat the to-be-fixed material, by the fixing roller under pressure, and blocking members for blocking openings at those opposite sides of a space defined by the fixing roller, heating roller and fixing belt.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fusing system for fusing toner to a recording medium. The system comprises a fuser roller, a pressure roller in contact with the fuser roller, and an external heating roller. In addition, the disclosure relates to a method for heating a fuser roller of a fusing system. The method comprises the steps of providing an external heating roller, contacting an outer surface of the fuser roller with the external heating roller, heating the external heating roller, and rotating the external heating roller and the fuser roller such that heat is transferred from the external heating roller to the fuser roller.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material that has a heat generating member, and an excitation coil for generating a magnetic field to induce an eddy current in the heat generating member, wherein a heat resistance value of the heat generating member per 1 cm2 is 0.025° C./W or greater and 5° C./w or less.

Abstract: A roller for use in a fuser assembly of a reproduction apparatus adapted to operate at an elevated temperature up to in the range of approximately 750° F. The roller includes a generally elongated substantially cylindrical tube. End gudgeons are provided for sealing the ends of the cylindrical tube. Each of the end gudgeons is respectively associated with an end of the cylindrical tube such that after a weld joint is formed between the cylindrical tube and the end gudgeon, the end gudgeon provides a compression joint to prevent the cylindrical tube from separating from the end gudgeon, due to material creep, at elevated operating temperatures.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fusing system for fusing toner to a recording medium. The fusing system comprises a fuser roller including a metal layer, a pressure roller in contact with the fuser roller, and an external induction heating element. In addition, the disclosure relates to a method for heating a fuser roller of a fusing system comprising the steps of positioning an external induction heating element in close proximity to the outer surface of the fuser roller, delivering high frequency current to a coil of the external induction heating element to create a magnetic flux, and directing the magnetic flux toward the fuser roller so as to induce eddy currents within a metal layer of the fuser roller that generate heat within the roller.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fusing system for fusing toner to a recording medium. In one embodiment, the fusing system comprises a fuser roller configured as a heat pipe including an inner tube and a coaxial outer tube that is mounted to the inner tube, the inner and outer tubes defining an interior space therebetween that is adapted to contain a liquid and to be evacuated so as be maintained in a vacuum, and a pressure roller in contact with the fuser roller. In another embodiment, the fusing system comprises a fuser roller, a pressure roller in contact with the fuser roller, and an external heating roller in contact with the fuser roller, the external heating roller being configured as a heat pipe including an inner tube and a coaxial outer tube that is mounted to the inner tube, the inner and outer tubes defining an interior space therebetween that is adapted to contain a liquid and to be evacuated so as be maintained in a vacuum.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fusing system for fusing toner to a recording medium. The fusing system comprises a fuser roller including an elastomeric layer and a heat transport layer disposed around the elastomeric layer, the heat transport layer having high thermal capacity, and a pressure roller in contact with the fuser roller. The present disclosure also relates to a fusing method that helps reduce gloss variation of printed media fused to a recording medium with a fusing system. The method comprises the steps of forming a heat transport layer having high thermal capacity at an outer surface of a fuser roller of the fusing system, heating the heat transport layer, and transferring heat from the heat transport layer to the recording medium as it passes through a nip of the fusing system.

Abstract: A fixing device is provided in the middle of a conveyance path for conveyance of a sheet on which a toner image is transferred. A fixing roller round which an endless fixing belt is put is provided on a top surface side of the sheet, i.e. on one side of the conveyance path. The fixing belt is longer than an outer periphery of the fixing belt. A pressurizing roller for pushing the sheet on the fixing belt is provided on a back surface side of the sheet, i.e. on the other side of the conveyance path. A halogen lamp is arranged on an outer side of a part of the fixing belt where the fixing belt is not put round the fixing roller. The toner image on the sheet is heated and fused, and pressurized on the sheet by the fixing belt, which is heated by the halogen lamp, and the toner image is fixed on the sheet.

Abstract: In a conductive board heater using metal as the board, since thermal expansion is large, and expansion and shrinkage are repeated in a heating apparatus, there is a defect that the electrode portion to which a power supply spring contact point on the power supply connecter side is pressurized and contacted is worn and contact inferior occurs and it is easy to break. Furthermore, since the position of the resistor pattern of the heating body varies, excessive heating, insufficient heating, uneven heating at an end portion, or uneven curl unevenness at a paper end is occurred. A heater in an image heating apparatus is provided so as to prevent a contact defect between an electrode and a connecter of image heating apparatus.

Abstract: A structurally improved fusing roller assembly based on the heat pipe principle is provided. The fusing roller assembly includes a fusing roller having a structure of heat pipe, and a resistance heater and/or a halogen lamp inside the fusing roller, so that the surface of fusing roller can be instantaneously heated up to a target fusing temperature. The fusing roller assembly can be heated up to a target fusing temperature within a shorter period of time without need for warm-up and stand-by period, so that power consumption decreases.

Abstract: A structurally improved fusing roller assembly based on the heat pipe principle is provided. The fusing roller assembly includes a fusing roller and a heat pipe coaxially mounted inside the fusing roller. A resistance heater is helically wound around the exterior cylindrical surface of the heat pipe, and rests between the inner cylindrical surface of the fusing roller and the exterior cylindrical surface of the hat pipe. The heat pipe is hermetically sealed with a quantity of a working fluid contained inside. The surface of fusing roller can be instantaneously heated up to a target fusing temperature. The fusing roller assembly can be heated up to a target fusing temperature within a shorter period of time without need for warm-up and stand-by period, so that power consumption decreases.

Abstract: A power control method and an apparatus for an instant heating roller (IHR) include the following steps and functions: (a) determining whether an external source voltage has a first predetermined level or a second predetermined level greater than the first predetermined level; (b) when it is determined that the source voltage has the first predetermined level, supplying the source voltage as the roller voltage to the heating resistor at intervals of a second predetermined time period until the temperature of the heating resistor, measured at intervals of a first predetermined time period, reaches a predetermined target fusing temperature; and (c) when it is determined that the source voltage has the second predetermined level, supplying the source voltage as the roller voltage to the heating resistor during a third predetermined time period for every half period of the source voltage until the temperature of the heating resistor measured at intervals of the first predetermined time period reaches the predeter

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heat applying coil formed by winding a wire around the circumference of a coil supporting member disposed along the inside of the cylindrical fixing roller, for heating the fixing roller by inducing an induced current therein, and a pressing roller which forms a nip portion with the fixing roller, and conveys a transfer material gripped by the nip portion between the fixing roller and the pressing roller, thereby fixing a toner image formed on the transfer material by heat energy given from the fixing roller. The heat applying coil is formed by winding a wire so as to have a shape which has parts parallel to the longitudinal direction of the coil supporting member and parts lying along the circumference of the coil supporting member. The winding density of the latter parts is higher than that of the former parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image heating apparatus in which an image on a recording material is heated by heat from a heater via a film, and the film contacts a surface of the heater opposite to a surface thereof on which heat generating members are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylindrical heat fixing member in which in a fixing apparatus for fixing a unfixed toner image carried on a recording material heats and pressurizes the recording material and which heat fixing member is formed by at least a release layer being formed on the peripheral surface of a core metal. In the heat fixing member, the thickness of the core metal is from 0.5 mm to 2.8 mm inclusive and the the core metal material is an aluminum alloy that is elastically deformed by a stress of 60.0 MPa in at 210° C. The invention also relates to a heat and pressure fixing apparatus and an image formation apparatus using the heat fixing member.

Abstract: The fixing apparatus of the invention includes first heating means which form an endless belt shape and heat a recording medium having a developing agent image thereon; pressing means which form a roller shape and fixes the developing agent image by catching and conveying the recording medium in cooperation with the first heating means; second heating means which form a roller shape and come into contact with the first heating means to heat it to a predetermined temperature; a plurality of heating means which are disposed in the second heating means, have different output and can heat the second heating means entirely in the longitudinal direction; and control means which control the plurality of heating means. And, the plurality of heating means are controlled to selectively drive according to a temperature raising mode of the fixing apparatus, an image mode and a property of a sheet of paper.

Abstract: A heating device is used in an image forming apparatus. In the heating device, a resin layer is provided between a core metal of a fixing roller and a ball bearing. The resin layer is adhered to the core metal so as to obviate a noise, caused by a rubbing of the resin layer against a ball bearing, which is otherwise produced when the resin layer is provided as a separate part. Between the resin layer and the ball bearing, a material of the resin layer is selected and the resin layer is configured to have a rough surface with a coefficient of dynamic friction of the surface of the resin which is a predetermined value, and thereby minimizing the production of the noise.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing roller, a base, and a sheet-shaped pressing member. The fixing roller includes an inner heater. The base includes a mounting portion upstream from the fixing roller in a sheet transportation direction. The sheet-shaped pressing member includes a fixing side which is fixed to the mounting portion of the base and a free side downstream from the fixing side in the sheet transportation direction. The free side contacts the fixing roller with its upper surface under pressure to form a nip area. In the fixing apparatus, a recording sheet having a toner image passes through the nip area formed so as to receive heat and pressure.

Abstract: A fusing apparatus for xerographic printing includes a fuser roll with two parallel lamps, or heating elements, therein. At power-up, power is applied to each lamp in a stair-step fashion, in which incremental increases in applied power for each lamp are staggered in time. Also during power-up, the lamps are connected in series, but the series connection is removed for a running condition. These features contribute to desirable anti-flicker effects of the whole apparatus.

Abstract: In a fuser, a cooling structure (5) is disposed so that a bend angle (&agr;) of apart bent during the time between an endless belt (3) coming in contact with a press cooling face (5a) of the cooling structure (5) and exiting from the press cooling face (5a) is placed in the range of 0° C.<&agr;≦7° C. A fixing belt has a minute hardness of 0.1 to 5 at least on the belt surface coming in contact with toner T and preferably has a gloss degree of 75 or more on the belt surface.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fixing apparatus that has a fixing rotator in contact with a recording material supporting an unfixed image, a pressure rotator in pressure contact with the fixing rotator, a support member supporting the pressure rotator and swingable around a plurality of fulcrums, an elastic member for biasing the support member so that the pressure rotator is biased to the fixing rotator, and pressure contact force changing device for changing a pressure contact force by swinging the support member against the biasing force of the elastic member, wherein the pressure contact force changing device can change the pressure contact force while the pressure rotator is in pressure contact with the fixing rotator.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image onto a recording sheet with heat includes a fixing roller having ribs formed at a sheet passing area in an axial direction thereof so as to protrude from an internal circumferential surface toward a cross-sectional center thereof. The ribs are provided along the axial direction such that a number of ribs per unit length at a center part of the sheet passing area is different from that at other parts of the area. A heating source is provided for heating the fixing roller and a pressing roller opposes and rotates with the fixing roller. The toner image is fixed onto the recording sheet while the sheet is being sandwiched and conveyed between the fixing roller and the heating roller.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus that has a fixing member which makes contact with a recording material supporting an unfixed image formed of wax-containing toner on the unfixed image-supporting surface, the fixing member comprising a supporting material and a surface releasing layer formed on the supporting material and formed of a hard resin, and a pressing member which forms a nip which holds and conveys the recording material with the fixing member and that satisfies the following expression:

Abstract: A water-coolable furnace roller for conveying goods to be transported through a roller hearth heating furnace has a shaft supported external to the furnace and driven in rotation. The shaft has an outer contact surface. Support rings having a receiving bore, respectively, are arranged with the receiving bore on the shaft, wherein the support rings form a conveying plane. The receiving bore has an inner contact surface, and at least one of the inner and the outer contact surfaces has a shape of a polygon contour of substantially constant diameter with fitting surfaces defining an orbiform curve.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a heat roller, a fixing roller, a press roller pressed against the fixing roller, and an endless belt passed over the heat roller and fixing roller. The surface of the press roller and that of the fixing roller have hardness of 70 or above and hardness of 60 or above, respectively, in terms of ASKER-C hardness. This successfully prevents a recording medium from wrapping around the belt and jamming a path or creasing.

Abstract: An image heating device includes: a heating member having a heater that is in contact with a bearing member, which bears an image, and heats the image, a first temperature detecting member that is disposed above a surface of the heating member with a gap therebetween and detects a temperature of the heating member, a second temperature detecting member that is disposed in contact with the surface of the heating member and detects a temperature of the heating member and a controller for controlling a supply of a power to the heater on the basis of a detected output of the first and second temperature detecting members, wherein the controller controls the supply of the power to the heater on the basis of the detected output of the first temperature detecting member at the time of heating the image and controls the supply of the power to the heater on the basis of the detected output of the second temperature detecting member at a time of standby.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus in which an unfixed image is fixed on a recording medium for bearing the unfixed image by pinching and conveying the recording medium by using a fixing body and a pressure body, wherein in the fixing apparatus in which the pressure body has a core metal, an elastic body layer for covering an outer periphery of the core metal, and a mold releasing layer for covering an outer periphery of a elastic body layer, the controlling means sets electric energy per predetermined time supplied from the power supply to the pressure body heating means to a predetermined quantity or a lower quantity in such a manner that a temperature of the core metal of the pressure body is maintained at a predetermined temperature or a lower temperature.

Abstract: A color-mixing fixing device includes a first fixing rotary member, and a second fixing rotary member for forming a nip together with the first fixing rotary member. After toner images of a plurality of colors stacked on one surface of a recording medium are fixed by a nip, toner images of a plurality of colors stacked on the other surface of the recording medium are fixed by the nip, thereby forming full-color images on both the surfaces of the recording medium. Each of the first and second fixing rotary members has a surface rubber layer with an impact resilience of 50% or less.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material, including a heating member, and an excitation coil for generating a magnetic field to induce an eddy current in the heating member, wherein of total electric power applied to the coil, the relation between active electric power W and reactive electric power W′ is 0.1≦W/(W+W′)≦0.8.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printer has neutralizing units and a fixing unit that are disposed in the transport path of a print medium. The neutralizing units neutralize a toner image surface of the print medium entering the fixing unit and a non-printed surface of the print medium exiting the fixing unit. The fixing unit includes two rollers. A fixing roller incorporates a heat source that generates heat for fusing a toner image on the print medium. A pressure roller is in pressure engagement with the fixing roller. At least one of the fixing roller and pressure roller includes a resilient member that covers a metal shaft and an insulation layer that covers the resilient member. The resilient member may contain electrically conductive whiskers that extend radially in three dimensions. The whiskers are dispersed such that a surface of the insulation layer and a surface of the shaft are electrically continuous.

Abstract: An induction heating type fixing device for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is disclosed. An inducting heating coil has a plurality of bobbins each having a particular diameter and assembled in a telescopic manner. A particular conductor is wound round each bobbin beforehand with leads being laid inside of the conductor. The bobbin may be implemented as a plurality of bobbin members removably connected together.

Abstract: A heating roller including a core of hollow cylinder form and wherein a thickness of the core is thicker in a center portion thereof than in both end portions thereof. Further, a heating device may have the heating roller, a fixing device may have the heating roller and the heating device, and an image forming apparatus may have the heating roller, the heating device and the fixing device.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus which prevents a generation of wrinkles in a print paper and rapidly recovers a temperature of a fixing belt. The fixing belt is engaged with a fixing roller and a heat roller generating heat. A pressing roller is pressed against the fixing roller via the fixing belt so that a fixing process area is formed between the fixing roller and the pressing roller. The print paper is passed through the fixing process area so that a toner provided on the print paper receives a heat from the fixing belt. The fixing roller includes a foamed material layer elastically deformable by the pressing roller. A heat conductive member may be provided to transmit a heat from the heat roller to a portion of the fixing belt remote from the heat roller.

Abstract: A fixing device for fixing a toner image on a sheet, wherein the toner image is formed by a thermally meltable toner, comprises: an induction heater to heat the toner image, the induction heater comprising a hollow rotatable conductive member, a heating member provided inside the hollow rotatable conductive member, and a sendust layer provided inside the hollow rotatable conductive member; and a pressing member to press the toner image.

Abstract: When a voltage abnormality error signal from a drive control section is at a low level, a control section determines a normal state. When the voltage abnormality error signal has arisen to a high level, the control section does not immediately determine an abnormal state and instead measures a time in which the voltage abnormality error signal is at the high level. If the measured time does not exceed a predetermined error timer value (limit value) T, the control section ignores this abnormal state as a temporary voltage abnormality. If the time in which the voltage abnormality error signal is at the high level exceeds the error timer value T, the control section determines a serviceman call error (SC) as the occurrence of voltage abnormality.

Abstract: A high-frequency current is supplied from a high-frequency generating circuit to a coil of a heat roller, and a high-frequency magnetic field is generated from the coil. The high-frequency magnetic field causes an eddy current to be generated in the heat roller, and a developer image on a recording medium is fixed by self-generation of heat of the heating roller based on an eddy-current loss. Electric wires between the high-frequency generating circuit and the coil are electrically shielded by a shield member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a bearing including a C-shaped part; and a projection projected upwardly from a central part of an outer circumferential surface of the C-shaped part, in which the bearing is made of a synthetic resin having elasticity and conductivity, and a distance between both ends of the C-shaped part is elastically expanded.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a bearing including a C-shaped part; and a projection projected upwardly from a central part of an outer circumferential surface of the C-shaped part, in which the bearing is made of a synthetic resin having elasticity and conductivity, and a distance between both ends of the C-shaped part is elastically expanded.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a fixing unit configured to fix a toner image having at least one color toner and a black toner on a support upon application of heat and pressure thereto, wherein the fixing unit includes a fixer configured to heat the toner image at a first temperature not lower than a temperature at which the at least one color toner and the black toner at least soften and to cool the toner image to a second temperature lower than a temperature at which the at least one color toner and the black toner solidify while a surface of the fixer contacts the toner image, wherein the surface of the fixer has a ten-point mean roughness Rz not greater than 20 &mgr;m, and wherein the pressure P satisfies the following relationships: ((9/5)×log &eegr;c−4/5)/15≦P≦((1/100)×log &eegr;c)/15, and ((9/5)×log &eegr;b−4/5)/15≦P≦((1/100)×log &eegr;b)/15, wherein P represents the pressure in units of 9.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a fixing apparatus and an image-forming apparatus. The fixing apparatus and the image-forming apparatus include a heating roller; a heating element disposed in the heating roller; a pressing roller pressure-contacting the heating roller to fix an image onto a transfer sheet passing through a pressure-contacting section between the heating roller and the pressing roller; and a cooling device to cool the heating roller. In the fixing apparatus, the cooling device is activated during a predetermined time period after consecutive fixing operations are completed. While, the image-forming apparatus further includes a control section to activate the cooling device during a predetermined time period after consecutive fixing operations are completed.