Abstract: The apparatus comprises a steel belt (5) extending according to an endless strap around two guide rollers (3, 4) driven in rotation according to horizontal axes. The upper part of the belt (5) defines a first going stretch (5a) onto which the product (6) in progress of working is laid, said product being transported due to the movement communicated to the belt as a result of the rotation of said guide rollers. Water is sprayed against the underneath surface of the first belt stretch for cooling the product through a heat exchange with the belt itself. The apparatus further comprises a heat exchange roller (14) rotatably supported according to the horizontal axis and arranged so that it comes in contact with the product (6) located on the first belt stretch (5a). Water circulation takes place within the heat exchange roller (14) and an additional cooling action is therefore accomplished on said product (6).

Abstract: The heat treatment of solids by combustion, cooling, or the like with the aid of gas may take place on a grate conveying such solids while the gas is passed through openings in the surface of the grate. In order to provide lateral clearances of such grates with the same order of narrowness as the majority of the grate's openings, the mobile framework of the grate is suspended by tension elements inclined at an angle of at least 3 degrees relative to the perpendicular. If the mobile frame deviates from a straight course, the inclined suspension creates a centering force guiding the mobile frame without mechanical contact and wear. As a result, the lateral clearances for thermal expansion and building tolerances are reduced from about 20 to 2 mm.

Abstract: Quick-change cooling line which is located advantageously downstream of a finishing unit (11) and is suitable to cool round or ribbed wire rod having a section between 4 and 25 mm., the line consisting of a plurality of segments (110) each of which comprises cooling assemblies (15), assemblies (16) performing cleaning with water and possible drier assemblies (17), each organized plurality of segments being specially prepared (210-310-410-510) for a limited range of dimensions and cooperating with a rolling axis (14) when in the cooling position, whereby at least two specific sgements (210-310) having specialized ranges of different dimensions for the wire rod passing through are able to cooperate with the rolling axis (14) alternately.

Abstract: A roller hearth type heat treating furnace has a furnace housing, the inside of which is partitioned into first, second and third treating chambers by a plurality of heat insulating intermediate doors. In order to independently control the temperature inside each treating chamber, the first treating chamber is provided with radiant tubes, the second treating chamber with radiant tubes and a cooler with a fan and the third treating chamber with electro tubes and cooling tubes. The furnace accommodates a series of hearth rollers which can be selectively driven by a plurality of electric motors and a plurality of clutches so that a material located in one chamber may be transported into the adjoining chamber only or successively transported within the furnace.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat treating and quickly cooling substrates. The apparatus includes a cylindrical furnace core tube for containing substrates, a heater enclosing the furnace core tube, and outer cylinder enclosing and containing the furnace core tube and the heater, a blower for drafting cooling air to the space between the furnace core tube and the outer cylinder along the longitudinal direction of the furnace core tube, and a switching valve connected between the blower and both ends of the outer cylinder for switching the direction in which the cooling air travels. Since the direction of the cooling air is changed, the entire furnace core tube is uniformly cooled.

Abstract: A cooling system for a processing furnace provides improved cooling efficiency in a more compact arrangement than known furnace cooling systems. In the system a blower is situated within the cooling gas plenum but has its intake exterior thereto. The plenum wall and the furnace outer wall define a recirculation channel which is relatively large and free of obstructions. Heat exchanger coils are disposed within the recirculation channel adjacent the blower intake thereby providing a less restricted flow path for the cooling gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat treating substrates. The apparatus comprises a furnace core tube for containing the substrates, a heater provided for enclosing the furnace core tube, an inner cylinder provided for enclosing the heater, and an outer cylinder with a path for cooling water provided therein. The apparatus further comprises a heat reflecting mirror formed on an inner surface of the outer cylinder and a blower for ventilating the space between the furnace core tube and the inner cylinder. After heat treatment of the substrates is carried out, the blower is activated and the cooling water is circulated in the outer cylinder. Therefore, an undesirable rise in the temperature of the mirror can be prevented.

Abstract: Continuous thermal treatment for the strengthening of metallic workpieces is carried out by placing a batch of at least two workpieces on a basket hinged on a continuously advancing conveyor chain; introducing said workpieces in said basket through a first instantaneously opening and closing gate into a uniformly heated first thermal treating step wherein the continuously advancing workpieces are heated at a temperature of about 560.degree. C.; introducing the heated workpieces in said basket through a second instantaneously opening and closing gate into a second thermal treatment step placed immediately after the end of the first step and in communication therewith, by lifting a vat containing a cooling fluid to immerse said workpieces in said basket into the cooling fluid of said vat to rapidly cooling said workpieces to a temperature of about 100.degree. C. and thereafter lowering said vat.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a work item includes a cover member and a base member on which the cover member is supported. A work space is defined between the base member and the cover member for receiving at least one associated work item which is positioned therein. A first sealing member is positioned between the base member and the cover member for sealing the work space against the environment. A hood member is provided for enclosing the cover member and defining a heating and cooling space therebetween. A cooling apparatus is also provided for cooling the first seal member. The cooling apparatus comprises a first cooling fluid channel which is secured to the base member, a second cooling fluid channel which is secured to the cover member and a cooling fluid trough which is secured adjacent to the second cooling fluid channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a structure for controllably discharging articles that are being continuously transported by a primary conveying structure. A discharge assembly is provided having a chute with an inlet and an outlet. Articles are diverted away from the primary conveying structure and delivered to the chute inlet. The discharge chute is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis and structure is provided for reciprocatively moving the chute outlet back and forth over an infeed portion of a secondary conveying structure to evenly distribute material in a serpentine path along the length of the infeed portion of the secondary conveying structure. In a preferred form, the secondary conveying structure has an associated trough for containing a cooling fluid.

Abstract: An automated curing oven system for use in the manufacturing of semiconductors. This system may easily be incorporated with other automated machinery used for various semiconductor processing steps because it employs the same device holding magazine used for many other steps. The device holding magazine serves as the oven chamber itself thereby eliminating many manual handling steps.

Abstract: A re-usable and interchangeable nozzle for delivering cooling gas into the work chamber of a heat treating furnace, provided in the form of any of various keyed tube and mounting base combinations which allows assembly from within the furnace by an axial movement followed by a rotary motion. The preferred embodiment consists of a cylindrical tube made of any suitable material (including but not limited to molybdenum, graphite, or ceramic) having a keyed slot in its lower end and a matching base made of any suitable material which has a mating pin in it. The base is firmly fixed in place by welding or any suitable means and the tube can be removed from the base without damage by first rotating it then pulling it along its axis.

Abstract: A water cooled kiln comprises a cylindrical combustor structure made up of a plurality of generally parallel water pipes spaced circumferentially about the periphery of the structure, and a plurality of webs circumferentially interconnecting the pipes so as to present the cylindrical combustor structure. The webs are provided with openings so that combustion air may flow therethrough and into the combustion chamber defined by the cylindrical combustor structure. The webs are protected from corrosion and erosion by the provision of a protective sheet constructed of a corrosion resistant material which is placed in covering relationship to the web inside the chamber. The protective sheet is spaced slightly from the web by dimples or corrugated strips and is attached to the web by spot welding for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for driving a thrust grate cooler, in which the division of force is provided on the low-moment side between and electric motor and a reduction gear system. Such a construction is distinguished by substantially reduced expenditure on construction and manufacture.

Abstract: Cermic materials (i.e. architectural face-bricks) are fired in a tunnel kiln of the type having a firing zone and a downstream cooling zone. The cooling zone is segregated into indirect and direct cooling zones via a sealed gate structure therebetween. The heated gases in the indirect cooling zone are thus preliminarily cooled by suitable means (for example, a heat exchanger) and the cooled gases are returned via a closed-loop path to the indirect cooling zone. The fired ceramic materials in the direct cooling zone are finally cooled by the direct introduction of an oxygen-rich gas (i.e. ambient air). In such a manner, a reducing atmosphere may be maintained in the firing zone and in the indirect cooling zone while final cooling of the bricks occurs in the direct cooling zone. Thus, the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the direct cooling zone is prevented from entering the indirect cooling zone via the sealed gate structure thereby permitting frost-resistant bricks to be fired and cooled on a continual basis.

Abstract: In the cooling and further treatment of hot white cement clinker wherein the cooling must be protected against exposure to oxygen so that it retains its white color, it is proposed in accordance with the invention that the hot white cement clinker departing the clinker calcining kiln be sprayed with water in an oxygen-free atmosphere and subsequently conducted in counter-current flow relative to a warm drying gas steam which is withdrawn together with the vapors picked up from the cement clinker, being withdrawn separated from the cooled, dried, white cement clinker. The manufacture of white cement clinker upon application of the clinker cooling and clinker drying of the invention requires a considerably lower overall thermal outlay than the manufacture of white cement clinker utilizing previously known clinker cooling methods employing a water bath.

Abstract: The present arrangement is a hot zone structure for a vacuum furnace which includes an endlessly shaped outside wall (e.g. shaped substantially into a circle) preferably made of stainless steel. Disposed next to the inside surface of the outside wall is a layer or layers of heat insulating material means such as graphite felt. Further disposed next to the inside surface of the insulating material means is an inside wall preferably made of graphite. The inside wall defines the chamber of the hot zone structure into which items to be heat treated are placed. Passing through the outside wall, through the layer of heat insulating material, and through the inside wall are many continuous apertures. At the end of each continuous aperture there is located a threaded terminal piece and threaded into each terminal piece is a graphite nozzle. Accordingly there is a plurality of graphite nozzles passing from outside the outside wall of the hot zone structure through into the inside chamber of the hot zone structure.

Abstract: The cooling apparatus which is preferably constructed in the form of a grate cooler contains in its material inlet portion a material transfer arrangement with at least two rows lying behind one another of transversely extending air boxes which can be supplied with air and have upper surfaces with air holes. The clear opening width of these air holes (area for the air to pass through) is adjustable, so that all air boxes can be supplied independently of one another with adjustable quantities of air. In this way the streams of cooling air can be adapted to differing local ranges of grain sizes of the clinker on the material transfer arrangement.

Abstract: A wire coating oven (2) is disclosed which includes a wire cooling apparatus (1) for cooling a wire (3) passing therethrough, while minimizing gaseous emissions. The cooling apparatus includes a wire cooling passage (10) having a wire entrance end (13) adjacent the oven and a wire exit end open to the atmosphere, with the wire cooling passage defined by a first wall (11) which surrounds the wire passing therethrough. A hot gas passage (15) is defined by a spacing between the first wall and a second wall (14) disposed adjacent thereto with hot gas entering the passage at about the wire exit end and exiting at the oven end. The first wall includes an outwardly tapered surface (19) near the wire entrance end for forming a venturi with the second wall, whereby a hot gas passing therebetween creates a negative pressure within the wire passage, drawing cool air (20) into the wire passage, cooling the wire and drawing any vaporous emissions into the oven.

Abstract: A combustor formed of a plurality of water cooled pipes secured as a drum by members defining a plurality of holes between the pipes, the drum being mounted for rotation at an angle, with there being low U-shaped walls surrounding the sides and high ends of the holes so that aluminum melted by burning material in the drum is guided around the holes while that material flows to the lower end of the drum.

Abstract: A rotary combustor, in which material is burned in a gas porous cylinder, having a sectioned and compartmented wind box permitting selective delivery of air through the burning material, above the burning material, at the start of the burning process, and after burning has been well initiated.

Abstract: Transverse sub-chambers are defined beneath a train of kiln cars. Pressure equalization is permitted with respect to the firing chamber thereabove but very little air will actually pass therebetween because there is no other substantial air passageway leading into or out of the sub-chamber. Rather, heat exchange cooling apparatus is employed in each sub-chamber so as to set up convention air currents within the sub-chamber to cool the underside of the kiln car. The heat exchanger units in different sub-chambers are preferably individually controllable so as to provide a controllable degree of undercar cooling as a function of location along the tunnel kiln.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling high-temperature particles in which various factors which adversely disturb the stability of the moving layer of high-temperature particles can be substantially eliminated and large-sized and medium-sized lumps contained in the high-temperature particles are forcibly broken into smaller particles for prevention of shutdown of a clinker burning process or the like.

Abstract: In a combustor assembly having a main water cooled rotary combustor in which material is burned and which discharges into a furnace, a generally cylindruical secondary grate formed of water cooled pipes positioned in the furnace for receiving and holding material discharged from the main combustor so as to complete the burning while the secondary grate is slowly rotated to eventually discharge ashes and unburnable material from the furnace.

Abstract: The discharge end of the rotary kiln (24) is surrounded by and gas-tightly sealed to a stationary kiln head (2), which contains a rigid, cooled, inclined grate (1). A container (3) for collecting oversize is mounted on the kiln head (2) and is provided at its discharge end with a gate valve (4). The collecting container (3) is surrounded by and gas-tightly sealed to an outer container (5) and is provided with a gas-tight flap valve (6) and with a fitting (7) for a gas-tight connection to a transport container (8). Under the grate (1) the kiln head (2) constitutes a buffer bin (9) for the particles falling through the grate. The buffer bin (9) is succeeded by a batching bin (10), which is provided with a gas-tight upper shutoff valve (11). On its discharge side, the batching bin (10) is provided with a gas-tight lower shutoff valve (12) and with a fitting (13) for a gas-tight connection to a transport container (14).

Abstract: A gas-solids heat/exchanger apparatus particularly designed for cooling the particulate material such as calcined limestone or cement clinker, but may also be used as a dryer and/or material heater. The apparatus includes a casing having an upper particulate material inlet and a lower particulate material outlet. Upper and lower grates extend on an angle or a slant from the inlet to the outlet for holding a bed of material. Gas is supplied to an inlet plenum chamber on one side of the lower grate for passage through the grates and the bed of material to an outlet plenum chamber. The lower grate is perforated to permit gas to pass therethrough while supporting the bed of material. The upper grate includes a plurality of spaced apart, vertically oriented, perforated slats. Various parameters or gas flow rates, pressure drops and positioning of the upper grate slats are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a casting car for use in removing super-heated molten materials from an electric arc melting furnace. The cooling car has a metal frame which includes a shallow container adapted to receive the molten materials. A relatively permanent refractory lining protects the interior surface of the container, and a replenishable, granular refractory material is deposited over the permanent refractory lining. Heat deflectors extend upwardly from the metal frame about the top of the container in order to channel heat radiated from the interior upwardly whereby melting plant equipment and personnel located near the cooling car are not subjected to very intense radiant heat. Wheels are secured to the bottom of the metal frame to permit the cooling car to be rolled along the track leading to the melting furnace to receive the super-heated molten materials.

Abstract: An arrangement for recovering the sensible heat of dumpable hot stock includes a continuous conveying belt guided about at least two deflection pulleys and formed by articulately connected plates. The carrying run of the conveying belt with the hot stock applied thereon and the empty lower run each are guided through a cooling zone. In order to recover the sensible heat from the hot stock to an extent as large as possible and with a high efficiency, without having to use a bed covering material, the plates of the conveying belt are designed to include at least two layers, an outwardly carrier layer receiving the hot stock and an inwardly arranged insulation layer.

Abstract: A gas injection apparatus for injecting a quench gas. The gas injection apparatus provides a means for injecting a quench gas into a hot gas contained in a vessel having an inner liner. The apparatus is designed such that the independent thermal expansions and contractions of the inner liner do not create excess thermal stresses on an expansible supply duct. The expansible supply duct provides the means for transferring the gas from outside the vessel into the gas stream. A plenum assembly, creating an interface between the expansible supply duct and the inner liner is sealably attached to the inner liner allowing perpendicular injection of the quench gas while maintaining the liner's integrity.

Abstract: A nozzle for delivering cooling gas into the work chamber of a heat treating furnace. The nozzle is formed by a resiliently yieldable metal tube having an overlapping seam and adapted to be contracted radially for insertion through a hole in the wall of the work chamber. After being inserted through the hole, the tube springs outwardly into frictional engagement with the edge of the hole to retain itself in place. Flares on the ends of the tube prevent the tube from shifting endwise relative to the chamber wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously producing continuous oxidized filaments which comprises an oxidizing furnace having a heated oxidizing gas atmosphere therein, into which continuous precursor filaments such as polyacrylaonitle filaments are continuously introduced, in which the precursor filaments are converted into oxidized filaments and from which the oxidized filaments are continuously drawn out, a first duct communicated with the furnace to provide a flow of an oxidizing gas such as heated air having a temperature in the range of from about 200.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: The cooling arrangement comprises spaced apart cooling tubes arranged in a frame and interconnected with metallic tie plates. For decreasing thermal stresses without loss of strength throughout the structure, each tie plate is tangentially welded with its edge portions to the adjacent cooling tubes on both the shell and the furnace sides thereof. Each tie plate may be tangentially welded to one adjacent cooling tube and to the other it may be welded on the portion of its surface defined by an arc between tangents to this arc from the location where the tie plate is tangentially welded. The cooling tubes and the tie plates may be provided with fins and, the tie plates and the fins and as well as the walls of the frame have expansion clearances or slots. The frame is filled with a refractory material serving to protect the whole cooling arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously producing continuous oxidized filaments (1) including a series of lower guide rollers (3a, 3b, 3c . . . ) for guiding filaments provided at the outside of the furnace (2) and a series of gas suction seal chambers (8a, 8b, 8c . . . ) provided at the lower portion in the furnace. The gas suction seal chambers have a series of sub-partition plates (23a, 23b, 23c . . . ) which are arranged along the path of the filaments and are provided with gas passing means. The external air which tends to go into the furnace through the slits (10) formed in the bottom wall (20) of the furnace will be drawn into the gas suction seal chambers and prevented from entering the heated oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace. According to the sealing effect, the temperature variance in the furnace will be reduced and the quality of produced filaments will be improved.

Abstract: A paper guiding device in a copying apparatus includes, in opposition, a lower guide plate having a main flat portion and an upper guide plate having a main flat portion. A plurality of rising pieces, having top edges and being laterally spaced apart upon the upper side of the main flat portion of the lower guide plate, rise above the lower guide plate and extend in the direction of movement of the copying paper. A plurality of hanging pieces, having lower edges and are laterally spaced apart on the lower side of the main flat portion of the lower guide plate, hang from the upper guide plate and extend in the direction of movement of the copying paper. The top edges and the lower edges define a path of movement of the copying paper while having minimal contact with the paper.

Abstract: A continuously cast strand is guided through a cooling chamber and brought into direct contact with a coolant evaporating partially. The coolant vapor is brought into heat exchange with a closed surface condenser arranged within the cooling chamber, and a flow-through medium of the surface condenser is brought into further heat exchange with a heat transformer arranged outside the cooling chamber and connected with the condenser.

Abstract: In clinker coolers with a thrust grate a small part of the material to be cooled falls through the grate. These grate screenings usually are collected in funnels, let out and carried away. These funnels and transporting devices are housed between high, complicated foundations. In this invention these funnels are replaced by a removal device which moves the grate screenings horizontally through a transfer canal. This eliminates the complicated foundations and the control of the emptying device previously used.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a sealing chamber is provided into which a noncombustible residue from an incinerator, furnace or the like is moved. The residue may be sprayed with a liquid upon entering the sealing chamber to effect cooling and compaction of the residue. The sealing chamber is provided with a vibratory discharge mechanism which serves to convey the residue out of the chamber and to compact the residue accumulated in a vertical column in the chamber to provide an effective seal against the diffusion and entry of air into the combustion area of the incinerator. Controls are provided in the sealing chamber to maintain the seal and to actuate the vibratory mechanisms for moving the residue. By the time the residue reaches the discharge of the chamber, the liquid in the residue is evaporated by the residual heat in the residue particles.

Abstract: A system for discharging a thermal decomposition residue containing carbon residue and steel wire balls, the discharge system including: a discharge mechanism including a double shaft screw conveyer having respective screws thereof supported at one end thereof and located contiguous to a residue outlet of a thermal decomposition unit, a housing hermetically connected to the residue outlet of the thermal decomposition unit and enclosing the double shaft screw conveyer with ample space on the upper side thereof; a first outlet provided in a front bottom portion of the housing for discharging the carbon residue transferred by lower portions of the double shaft conveyer; a second outlet provided at the discharging free end of the double screw conveyer for discharging the steel wire balls transferred by upper portions of the double screw conveyer; a seal provided in said first outlet for shielding the interior of the housing from ambient atmosphere; and a water-sealer including a water bath, a chute connected to t

Abstract: The cooling zone (24) for a kiln, more specially a roller kiln, made up of a preheating zone (21), a firing zone (22) and a cooling zone (24), through which the goods to be kilned (10), more specially ceramic tiles or plates are transported without any burning tools of refractory material supporting them, is (for the purpose of stopping any effect on the kilned goods in the cooling zone (24) and in the parts next to the cooling zone (24), because of the effect of the atmosphere in the cooling (24) and any reoxidation of the kilned goods (10) because of this, and for giving a simple way of producing effect on the outer face of the kilned goods (10) using a moving heat vehicle, more specially liquid heat vehicle) is indirectly cooled, and has inlet systems, able to undergo adjustment in their direction and their rate of inlet, for materials for producing an effect on the outer face of the kilned goods.

Abstract: In a cooling process for material beds of bulk materials like cement clinker taking place on grate coolers increased bed depths and increased air velocities are provided by decelerating an upper layer of the material bed, which may be a fluidized bed of a fine fraction of the bulk material, with respect to the bottom layer or fixed bed of the material bed in order to obtain a material discharge of uniform temperature. For the purpose of such deceleration an adjustable stop wall is provided leaving an adjustable passage towards the grate for the material. The stop wall includes a thrust limit detector to allow for a crushing or passing of any chunks. Hot dribblings may be pneumatically recycled onto the top of the material bed by means of the increased air pressure.

Abstract: A forced cooling, metallic, refractory coated, high strength, modular, extreme heat withstanding, long life lining element for partial or total lining of metallurgical furnaces above the hot metal and slag levels, in particular melting Electric Arc and Plasma Arc Furnaces, with automatic coolant flow control, is disclosed. In accordance with the invention the forced cooling lining element consists of at least three (3) seamless, heavy wall boiler type pipes, arranged in generally parallel, eccentrically spaced non-contacting relation, with circular spacers, neighboring pipes being interconnected by welded mitres and elbows to create series or series-parallel serpentine and zig-zag structural pattern. The hot face of the pipes is provided with protective refractory anchoring system consisting of multitude coaxially and diagonally to the pipes arranged intermittent protuberances.

Abstract: The invention comprises a sinter belt and a collector, vacuum chambers, a gas cleaning device, an air purifying device, and an exhauster mounted adjacent the belt. Above the sinter belt are mounted assemblies for loading a bed and a charge, and an ignition hearth. Downstream from the sinter belt are mounted a sinter breaker and an inclined chute wherein are mounted vibrating screens communicating with a cooler for a sinter return and for the bed, and an air classifier. The air classifier comprises a fan, a diffuser, a movable grid for varying the speed of the air produced by the fan, and a partition member forming a settling chamber together with the chute. Within the settling chamber is mounted a device for settling coarse fines, said device communicating with the collector through the air purifying device, and with the cooler for the sinter return.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for hot elongated work is formed by a tubular or generally cylindrical cluster of longitudinally extending tubes having interspaced discharge means and surrounding the work so that when the tubes are supplied with cooling fluid the work is showered on all sides.

Abstract: A cooling zone for a kiln having a preheating and firing zone and with a train of rollers for moving tiles through the kiln in a single layer has an indirect cooling system using a fluid and more specially liquid cooling medium moving through coils over and/or under the tiles after burning. A system using louvers or two moving plates of slotted metal are used for screening off the coils to a greater or lesser degree for controlling the cooling effect.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heat setting side walls of biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin containers to reduce shrinkage of the container and container treated by the process. Heating is by infrared radiation while shielding portions of the container. The apparatus comprises container handling systems to provide a fully automated system capable of being incorporated in present container production lines.

Abstract: The present invention is a duct arrangement for use with a vacuum furnace to permit inert gas to be supplied continuously to the hot zone enclosure of a vacuum furnace. The novel duct arrangement includes a plenum means that, in the preferred embodiment, is formed so that its inside wall is the outer wall of the hot zone enclosure and which is disposed to be wrapped around 95% of the hot zone enclosure (within the vacuum chamber) with which it is employed. The plenum is sealed at both ends and is formed to have a plurality of holes in the common wall of the hot zone enclosure and the plenum. Into each of said holes there is fitted a removable nozzle member. A relatively large hole is formed in the outside wall of the plenum to permit inert gas to be fed into the plenum and through the nozzles into the hot zone enclosure to cool the work piece therein.

Abstract: In the treatment of bulk materials with hot gases below the melting point of the charge component it is desired to prevent a formation of undesired crusts during normal operation and when the rotary kiln is operated at a reduced speed during short-time trouble. For this purpose, a controlled dissipation of heat is effected in several sections of the rotary kiln in that the shell of the kiln and the refractory lining are cooled so that the temperature of that portion of the inside surface of the rotary kiln which is submerged below the charge is always maintained at or up to 50.degree. C. below the temperature of the charge disposed thereover.

Abstract: In a plant for recovering the sensible heat of continuously cast slabs, the slabs are guided through a cooling chamber in which heat is given off from the slabs to a cooling medium. In order to achieve a high heat yield and a low exit temperature of the slabs, the cooling medium is brought into direct contact with the slab surfaces within the cooling chamber, and the heated cooling medium is used as a heating medium in a heat exchanger in contact with a recirculating medium.

Abstract: A sintering machine for pulverulent ore concentrates containing sulfidic metals including an ignition zone, a sintering zone and at least two cooling zones wherein there is total recirculation of cooling gases between two cooling zones and including a recuperative heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas from the first cooling zone, prior to its introduction to the second cooling zone.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for absorbing heat from the cooling of metal slabs and other metal products following rolling, casting, or other heating to shape the metal products, and the converting of the heat to a useful form of energy. During the process of cooling the metal products, heat from the metal is transferred to an absorbing medium by means of radiant and convective or conductive heat transfer. The absorbing medium may be water which is converted to steam. The apparatus includes necessary piping, circulating fan, steam drum, pumps and heat insulation.