Abstract: Weapon training simulation system including a computer operated video display scene whereon is projected a plurality of visual targets. The computer controls the display scene and the targets, whether stationary or moving, and processes data of a point of aim sensor apparatus associated with a weapon operated by a trainee. The sensor apparatus is sensitive to non-visible or subliminal modulated areas having a controlled contrast of brightness between the target scene and the targets. The sensor apparatus locates a specific subliminal modulated area and the computer determines the location of a target image on the display scene with respect to the sensor apparatus.

Abstract: A trainer for manually aimed weapons, having a projection screen video sym, a video disk player for providing pre-recorded scenes of a target image, a simulated weapon having actuable trigger, and a microprocessor having a file that identifies target location and range within each frame of the scenes and programmed to superimpose upon actuation of the trigger a graphic in-flight and impact image of a shot computed from a fourth order ballistics equation. Recoil of the simulated weapon is provided by pneumatics, as well as sound affects of the shot and its distant impact. Hit and miss explosions are provided in graphics selected from a set of stored image data by comparing the computed location of impact to the pre-identified target location. For shots that impact beyond the target, blanking of the graphics image is provided for that part of the explosion hidden by the target.

Abstract: A shooting range that has a target chamber position at the target end. A camera on the chamber transmits an image of the target to the shooting end where it is displayed on a screen of a video micrometer. The video micrometer has cross hair reticles that measure a shot pattern generated on the target. The video micrometer has a tape recorder for recording the transmitted image, a printer for printing a hard copy of the pattern, a keyboard for data input, and is connectable to a computer for input of the shot pattern data.

Abstract: In an external gunsight viewing apparatus, a housing is provided having a first port coupled to the eyepiece of a gunner's optical sight. A prism is disposed along a common axis between the gunner's eyepiece and a viewing port. The prism folds the image path to an Erfle lens which produces an internal image. The internal image is viewable through a beam combining means, along with a second projected image, folded via a mirror, into the image combining means. A second relay means and additional mirror means direct the combined image along a relay means where they are located along the common axis between the eyepiece and first viewing port.

Abstract: A gun-resembling member has a stock, a barrel-like portion, and a trigger. Such gun is used with a target and has a front sight on the barrel-like portion together with an optical system which includes a rear sight. A target image from the two sights is reflected by the optical system to a video camera on the gun, and such camera is in circuit with a computer system and visual monitors capable of displaying and recording a target image at the instant of firing. Windage adjustments are included on the gun-resembling member and in the complete syste. A powered plunger is provided on the target whereby when the gun is held up to the target for sighting, the plunger engages the gun and produces a simulated recoil. The gun also has apparatus engageable by the plunger for recocking the trigger when such recoil is produced.

Abstract: The invention is a marksmanship trainer that can accommodate a plurality of trainees. The trainer includes a long range light pen to measure sighting accuracy and tracking steadiness. It is set with the sight of a simulated or operational weapon, and achieves resolution to the pixel level by using telescope optics and special purpose circuitry in addition to its computer board. Each trainee is provided with a raster scan display and a computer that provide a target image and corrective feedback to the trainee. Bridge configured dual strain gauges are used to sense breathing, and a force sensing resistor is used to monitor trigger squeeze. Recoil is simulated mechanically, and a simulated report of the weapon is provided through a headset. The feedback of corrective action is provided aurally/graphically from a stored expert library.

Abstract: Disclosed is a marksmanship trainer that can accommodate a plurality of tnees. The trainer includes the long range light pen that is the present invention to measure sighting accuracy and tracking steadiness. In the disclosure it is set with the sight of a simulated or operational weapon, and achieves resolution to the pixel level by using telescope optics and special purpose circuitry. Each trainee is provided with a raster scan display and a computer that provide a target image and corrective feedback to the trainee. Bridge configured dual strain gauges are used to sense breathing, and a force sensing resistor is used to monitor trigger squeeze. Recoil is simulated mechanically, and a simulated report of the weapon is provided through a headset. The feedback of corrective action is provided aurally/graphically from a stored expert library.

Abstract: The arrangement for firing simulation and battle simulation, for reflecting mages generated by means of a computer (12) into the beam path (15) of a sighting device which has a cathode-ray tube (5, 6) for producing the images, is designed in such a way that it can be used even in widely varying external brightness. For this purpose, the cathode-ray tube (5, 6) emits essentially monochromatic light, while a narrow-band absorption filter (16) for the wavelength of the cathode-ray tube (5, 6) is located in the beam path (15) of the sight outside the beam path of the generated images.

Abstract: The device for practicing the aiming of a firearm at a target (5), which ice comprises an optical aiming system for a light beam (11,12,13), more particularly a laser beam, directed at the target, at least one retro reflector (6) which is intended to reflect the light and which is fitted to the target (5), and arrangements for the observation of the reflected light, is characterized in that it comprises several different groups (1,2,3) of retro reflectors (6).

Abstract: Interactive game apparatus is disclosed which includes one or more photosensitive weapon devices which can interact with a coded video display and with each other to provide two-way interaction, where each weapon may score against an opponent and may be hit by an opponent. Accessory devices in the form of a photosensitive light source and a rotating mirror act to increase the excitement of the game play.

Abstract: This apparatus is used with a video tape of a scene that includes a target. At least part of the target has selected interlace fields removed, so that when the scene is displayed a distinctive periodic sequence of light pulses is associated with that target. An unmodified, standard video cassette machine plays the tape into a similarly unmodified television receiver to display the scene, particularly including omission of the selected fields in each target. A response module--with no connection to or from, and no output to, either the tape player or the receiver--includes a detector, an imaging system, a sight, circuitry, and a trigger. The imaging system receives light from a limited portion of the displayed scene, and directs that light to the detector. The sight aids a user to point the imaging system toward a particular desired scene portion. The circuitry develops an output signal related to the light on the detector.

Abstract: A television game apparatus according to this invention reads white picture data from a program ROM (6) to transfer it to a video RAM (8) and displays, on a television monitor (11), the white picture data, together with target or other data read from a character ROM (9). When a pistol (4) is leveled at a target on the screen of the television monitor (11) and the trigger is pulled, a switch (44) is closed to produce a trigger signal, on the basis of which black picture data is read from the program ROM (6) and displayed on the television monitor (11). Immediately after the black picture was displayed, the white picture is displayed in the next frame in the position where the target was displayed just before and/or around the periphery thereof. The light from this white picture is detected by a phototransistor (41), whose detection signal, when extracted by a filter (45, 46), is used as a detection signal from the target.

Abstract: A gunnery training system comprises a conventional armored vehicle having a gun and a fire control system to which is releasably attached portable training equipment (TT), which in operation uses almost all features of the conventional equipment within the vehicle so that a high standard of realism is obtained. The equipment (TT) delivers simulated scenic images with overwritten simulated target images to the visual display of the vehicle, the scenic images being selected by gun orientation signals extracted from the fire control system. Initiation of the laser rangefinder which forms part of the fire control system causes the equipment (TT) to deliver range data on the simulated target so that the fire control system overwrites a corresponding aiming mark on the visual display. When the gun trigger switch is operated the equipment (TT) captures the location of the aiming mark and computes the displacement between that location and the position of the simulated target as a measure of training efficiency.

Abstract: A target image presentation system for displaying images of a target on the interior surface of a part-spherical dome to provide for an observer within the dome a visual representation of an aerial target flying a predetermined flight profile within an airspace surrounding the observer comprises a projector for projecting an image carrying beam carrying images of the target for projection on to the dome and an image beam deflection assembly for so deflecting the image carrying beam as to direct the target images carried thereby to positions on the dome corresponding to the positions of the aerial target flying the predetermined flight profile in the airspace represented by the dome.

Abstract: Method and firing simulator for practicing aiming with the use of a laser firing simulator and of a retroreflector on the target side, as well as a simulator for carrying out this method. On triggering of the simulated firing, the target distance, the velocity of the target relative to the line of sight and the aiming-off allowance are measured, and the position of the hit is computed therefrom after the elapse of the projectile flight time.

Abstract: Apparatus (FIG. 1), for training in the rapid and accurate reaction to a situation confronting one or more trainees 12, 12' in an enclosed room 11, has one wall thereof formed by a screen portion 14 onto which an optical image is back-projected by projector 16. Each trainee's weapon 22 has a light emitter 24 responsive to firing the gun (containing blanks) at the screen to simulate the projectile impact point by spot 26. A television camera adjacent the projector and viewing the rear of the screen receives the spot and relates the position of this within the camera field to datum points of the projected image, the datum points 36' being visible to the camera and not the trainee.

Abstract: A training device for indoor weapon-firing comprises a projector for displaying a sequence of moving images in visible light viewed by at least one firer and comprising a landscape with at least one target to be hit. Provision is made for at least one weapon equipped with a trigger mechanism and for an electronic computer assembly which has the function of controlling the emission of the infrared-radiation beam by means of the trigger mechanism. Another function of the electronic assembly is to stop the motion of projected images under the control of the trigger mechanism in order to interrupt the projection on one arrested visible image. A video camera serves to produce a video image of the arrested image and to selectively detect the trace of the infrared beam on the arrested image and to determine the trace location in its video image. A visible indication of the trace location is inserted electronically in the video image of the arrested image.

Abstract: At a simulation of the visual field of view in the training of a battle situation, a TV-monitor is arranged in the field of view of the optics of a person to be trained. On said monitor a cut-out of a digitally stored background image is displayed. The cut-out to be displayed experiences a containuous change at an aiming motion. The image cut-out is loaded into a buffer memory and with a changed addressing the information in the buffer memory over-lapping with respect to the old and new cut-out is maintained. Only the new digital image information to be added is loaded from the background memory into the buffer memory at the place where the old image information has to be cancelled. Proper addressing takes care that the new buffer memory contents are displayed in the correct logical sequence.

Abstract: A gunnery training system comprising a fire control unit located at a trainee location and including an aiming sight, an aiming controller, and a trigger; a video display viewable through the aiming sight and providing a field of view through the aiming sight corresponding to the actual view of a target through the aiming sight of an actual gun; apparatus for sensing the orientation of the trainee's line of sight or of a simulated or actual gun provided by the operation of the aiming controller by the trainee; apparatus for determining the trajectory of a simulated projectile relative to the target provided by the sensed orientation produced by the trainee's operation of the aiming controller; a library of video records of actual projectile trajectories and impacts for various orientations of an actual gun relative to the target shown on the display as seen through the aiming sight; and apparatus responsive to operation of the trigger and to an output from the determining apparatus for selecting a video recor

Abstract: Apparatus for simulating the firing of weapons against simulated aerial targets. Images of a target, tracers and an aiming point are reflected in the gunsight by a collimator and a mirror. Sensors serve to define the orientation of the gun and the instants of firing. A video recorder supplies the image of the target and of the aiming point. An electronic logic circuit and a control desk serve to displace the image of the target according to the recorded trajectory and the movements of the gun.

Abstract: At the simulation of a visual field of view for training of a battle situation, the image of the background is displayed on a TV-monitor (16) which is arranged in the field of view of the optics of a person to be trained and moveable targets are cut in in the background image. The background image as well as the target image are digitally stored and are displayed on the monitor after conversion into a video signal. In order to simulate a thermal image on the monitor, the gray scale levels of a daylight video picture of the background image point by image point are treated with an evaluation function which may be obtained for instance by comparing the daylight video picture with a true thermal picture. The thermal image representation of the cut-in targets for instance may be generated by a computer (FIG. 2).

Abstract: At the simulation of a visual field of view as it is used on battle trainers, the image (16) of a background and the image (18) of a moveable target is displayed on a TV-monitor in the field of view of the optics of a person to be trained. The images are digitally stored whereat each image point according to its gray value (G.sub.H, G.sub.Z) is digitally coded. Additionally, with respect to individual objects (forest, bush etc.) in the background each image point is provided with a digital encoded range information (E.sub.H). By comparing this range information (E.sub.H) with the range information (E.sub.Z) of the target it is possible to decide with respect to the image area in which the target is present (G.sub.Z >0) whether the target is to display in front of or behind the individual object (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A target presentation system for displaying images of a target on the interior surface of a part-spherical dome provides an observer within the dome with a visual representation of an aerial target flying a flight profile within an airspace surrounding the observer. A projector projects an image carrying beam carrying target images corresponding to those which would be viewed by a ground observer during the flight of the target in the flight profile and directs the image carrying beam to positions on the dome corresponding to those positions of a target traversing the airspace represented by the dome. The projector includes a focus control lens to maintain the image on the dome in focus throughout the visual representation of the predetermined flight profile for a position of the target presentation system within the dome offset from the center of the dome.

Abstract: A sophisticated computer controlled trainer and simulator for weapons using separate background, target, and missile projectors with active interaction between them all. The control computer synchronizes the output of the plurality of projectors so as to occult their individual objects and images. The system permits real time intervention and control by an instructor, and recording of each entire exercise for later replay and study.

Abstract: Target apparatus for use in the training of weapon direct fire, including a structure (1) in which a weapon can be placed and which forms a screen (3) of concave truncated spherical shape, at least one target image projector (4 ) located within the structure (1) for projecting a target image (T) onto the screen (3), with the projector (4) being mounted for universal movement so as to be capable of moving the projected target image (T) over the screen (3), and a visible laser projector (8) located on or adjacent the weapon to produce a visual indication (P) on the screen (3) by a projected beam of visible light, of at least a final portion of the flight path of the simulated fired projectile or missile, corresponding to the position at which the weapon was aimed when fired, for a projectile or missile whose trajectory or flight path cannot be controllably varied after firing, or corresponding to the position at which the weapon was aimed when fired and as subsequently controllably varied, for a projectile or m

Abstract: The simulation device provides training in the firing of rockets or guided missiles by means of a shoulder weapon. As soon as a shot is fired, the firer's field of view is occulted by a shutter. The aim at the instant of firing and the point of impact with respect to the target are displayed on an instructor's video screen. The target can be of a fictitious type generated by a computer and produced within the field of view of both the instructor and the firer at the same time. In the case of a real target, an index can be controlled by the instructor in order to locate the target and follow its progress up to the instant of firing. The result of the firing operation is judged according to the position of the point of impact with respect to the fictitious target or with respect to the index. The choice of the mode of operation is made on a control desk.

Abstract: Apparatus for the supervision of a battle vehicle, especially an armored vehicle, from a control station during training exercises. The apparatus has a television camera which is coupled to an aiming or observation apparatus in the battle vehicle and is connected by a video transmission circuit to a television receiver disposed at the control station. Outside of the battle vehicle, a television camera which can be aimed at the target area is set up in the field and can also be connected to the television receiver disposed in the control station. A remotely controlled switching device is disposed in the control station, by which either the video signal emitted by the television camera in the battle vehicle or the one emitted by the television camera set up in the field can be connected to the television receiver. The switching device is remotely operated by a firing signal transmitted from the battle vehicle.

Abstract: In a training unit for aiming at fictitious targets as applicable in particular to a firing simulator, provision is made for an optical sighting device in which the line of sight from reticle image to target is orientable at least at the start of a fictitious-firing event. Target signals define successive images of a fictitious target as a function of the shape and continuous relative displacement of the target at least in distance from the training unit and/or in angular position with respect to the line of sight. Each successive target image is formed by means of a luminous point moving on a screen, the successive images thus formed being projected in the field of view of the sighting device.

Abstract: Improved marksmanship scoring device for use in weapons simulation. The apparatus compensates for equipment errors that prevent a marksmanship device from providing an accurate indication of a firearm hit or miss. To this end, a visual system (16), which includes an image generation subsystem (20) and an image display subsystem (22), is associated with a marksmanship scoring device. The invention provides correction apparatus which comprises a series connection of the visual system (16) with a photo sensor (24), an amplifier (26), a counter (28) and a comparator (30).

Abstract: A data processor system for extracting and quantizing aimpoint data from a tored video display of a target tracking operation comprising an operator-controlled joystick by which an operator can superimpose, on a frame-by-frame basis, distinctive display symbols coincident with the aimpoint of the target tracking system and a selected target reference point. The processor includes a programmable calculator which converts the angular separation of the tracking and target reference points into corresponding linear (x, y) data coordinates and then automatically plots the aimpoint from successive display frames on a target silhouette. The programmable calculator also is able to perform a coordinate rotation in order to compensate for angular displacement between the orientation of the tracking system and the target, e.g. to compensate for roll of the aircraft on which a radar tracker is mounted.

Abstract: The present application discloses a low cost method and apparatus for scog the performance of a trainee in his or her use of a military-type weapon in simulation. In the broader sense, the invention disclosed determines and records whether the analog value of a test signal is within a preselected range of a preselected analog value. In the intended environment the preselected analog value denotes the centrex of a target. And, the preselected range is the area of proximity to the target that denotes a "hit", and is provided by a steady-state voltage that is taken in sum and difference format with the above-identified preselected analog value.

Abstract: A simulated thermal sight utilizes a computer to store digitized video data erived from photographs of actual thermal images. The computer inserts video images formed from the data into optical telescopes, via a miniature TV and mirror system, to simulate a thermal image for a trainee. An IR detector and emitter, whose location corresponds to the apparent location of the thermal image, are used to measure aim error and provide an input to the computer.

Abstract: In an optical sight display for a fighter aircraft pilot training simulator, a performance monitor system is described as having a visual display for providing a pictorial representation (10) to a trainee's eye view (11) of real-time information. Electronic apparatus (31) such as a TV camera generates electrical signals responsive to visual images developed on a combining glass (13), and by means of a particularly described optical arrangement (lens 24, 27 & 30) when used with a fiber-optic bundle (29), the camera (31) is positioned remotely, out of the trainee's normal field-of-view. Due to the limited space in a fighter aircraft, this disclosed arrangement of component parts permit the generation of a substantially duplicate pictorial representation at an instructor's station for monitoring the performance of a trainee.

Abstract: Video shooting system in which a first shooting room (1) has therein a first target area (11) and a second shooting room (2) has therein a second target area (21). The scene observed in first room (l) by a video camera (15) therein is projected by a first projector (17) in second shooting room (2) on the second target area; the scene a second video camera (25) observes in second shooting room (2) is projected by a second video projector in the first shooting room on said first target area. The invention is useful for showing true-to-nature scenes and events for life-like target practice.

Abstract: A training device for simulated anti-armor weapons system utilizes a microcessor system to perform a number of functions including solving dynamic flight equations of a simulated missile and determining the gunner's aiming error. A miniature terrain board having a miniature target with an infrared source provides the aim point for a gunner using a simulated weapon launcher. An infrared sensing device mounted in the weapon provides input to the microprocessor while a CCTV provides an instructor with a gunner's view. Sound, visibility, and recoil associated with weapons use are simulated by peripheral devices under the control of the microprocessor. The gunner's aiming error and view are displayed in real time on an instructor's console which provides for instructor input and recording of gunner performance.

Abstract: Simulated shooting at displayed images on the screen of a television receiver using an untethered, simulated gun provides indication on the screen of where the gun was pointed at the time of trigger pull. This is achieved by flashing the screen white subsequent a trigger pull in order that a photosensor within the gun will be responsive to short segments of horizontal raster lines such that by counting vertical lines and time intervals with respect to vertical and horizontal synchronization pulses, respectively, identification of where on the screen the gun was pointing is achieved, permitting a symbol to be displayed upon the screen at that location.

Abstract: An air combat simulator including a part spherical screen, a remotely controlled horizon projector positioned so as to project onto the screen a scene consisting of sky and ground terrain, and a t.v. projection system for projecting onto the screen an image of an opponent's aircraft. A simulated manned aircraft consisting of a pilot's control station is positioned to view the screen and has flight controls arranged to generate flight control signals and a computer is arranged to control the horizon projector and opponent's aircraft image projector in dependence upon the flight control signals and upon a tactical decision making process programmed into the computer. To simulate range variation the size of the opponent's aircraft is varied by controlling the raster dimensions of a t.v. picture formed in the t.v. projection system, which system does not include a zoom lens.

Abstract: A system for providing a simulated target and scene on a projector screen, wherein a first infrared (IR) detector senses reflected IR light from the screen to indicate an associated simulated weapon has hit the target and a second IR detector mounted in proximity to said first detector enables automatic sensitivity adjustment to different brightness backgrounds.

Abstract: An electro-optic infantry weapons training system for simulating the firing f a quintet of weapons at a visual target which appears upon a screen. A quintet of trainee riflemen, each of whom is holding a weapon, aim and fire the weapons at the visual target. A visual projector projects upon the screen a background scene including the visual target, while an infrared projector simultaneously projects upon the screen an infrared target. Each weapon includes a sensor element for sensing the infrared target whenever the weapon is correctly aimed at the visual target. The sensor elements are connected in a unique combination with sensor circuits, enable circuits, and an interface circuit so as to provide to a microprocessor computer and an eight-bit microcomputer data words which indicate whether each of the quintet of trainee riflemen have scored a hit upon the visual target.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for presenting a scene generated by an electronic visual scene generator to an observer looking through a pair of binoculars 32 is disclosed. The scene presented by the binoculars is an enlarged or magnified portion of a panoramic scene presented on a screen 12 also generated by the visual scene generator 28 and suitable for viewing by the observers unaided eye. In the described embodiment, electronic signals representative of a scene are generated by digital generator 28. These electrical signals are then applied to three small CRT's 72, 74 and 70 each of which has a different color such as red, green and blue where the visual scene is produced by the CRT's three colors. The three CRT's colored images are then combined by means of beam splitters, filters and mirrors 44 to provide a single full colored scene which is then transported to both eye pieces of a pair of hand held binoculars 32 or to the eye piece of a periscope 48 by means of a fiber optic cable 36 and 50 respectively.

Abstract: A training apparatus for aiming and gunnery comprises a target tracer, a central control and monitoring unit and equipment at each of a plurality of anti-aircraft guns or other weapons for combatting moving targets. The target tracer is provided with a range finding radar and a TV camera which, by means of an aiming instrument, are continuously held aimed at a moving target. Furthermore, the target tracer has rotational position indicators for indicating the positions of the radar and the camera with respect to a horizontal and a vertical axis. From information obtained from the radar and the indicators, a data processing unit in the central control unit calculates the correct aiming allowance point for each of the weapons, which points can be shown, on the one hand, one at a time on a common TV monitor, and, on the other hand, on a separate TV monitor for each weapon.

Abstract: A weapons simulator for training a marksman on an anti-armor weapon. The pons simulator includes first and second broadcasting means for projecting on a reflective display screen a background scene, a visual target, and an infrared target spot in alignment with the visual target, and a two-axis laser spot positioning servo system for moving the aligned visual target and infrared target spot upon the reflective display screen. A matrix detector mounted within the weapon will sense the position of the infrared target spot upon the reflective display screen whenever the marksman fires the weapon, and then supply to a microprocessor computer digital information indicative of the position of the infrared target spot upon the reflective display screen. The microprocessor computer, in turn, processes the digital information so as to determine whether the marksman has scored a hit, a miss, or near miss upon the visual target.

Abstract: A gunnery training simulator system is disclosed which includes a screen, a target projector for projecting onto the screen an image of a target, a spot projector for projecting onto the screen a spot of a predetermined radiation, the trace of which represents the path of a projectile being simulated, a television camera positioned to view the image and the spot trace, the camera being such that its line scan is in the vertical direction, and electronic means connected with the camera output for producing signal portions representative of the projectile trace and the target image and for producing an output signal when the projectile trace signal portion approaches to within a predetermined distance of the target image signal portion.

Abstract: Projected image target apparatus for gunnery and missile launcher training, comprising a screen onto which a motion picture target is projected from a projector, a light beam projector on the weapon for projecting onto the screen an invisible light beam along the line-of-sight of the weapon, a light beam projector for projecting a visible light beam onto the screen and a system for controlling the projector and light beam projectors. The control system tracks movement of the beam of invisible light and upon firing of the weapon automatically discontinues the tracking and utilizes the position that the invisible beam of light had at the instant of firing the weapon as a datum relative to which the visible light beam is moved automatically in accordance with the ballistic performance of the projectile to simulate trajectory drift and fall of the projectile over the simulated range of the target projected onto the screen.

Abstract: Optical simulation apparatus using a video target image superimposed upon an appropriately blanked-out film transparency of background is used to train an observer in target tracking. The apparatus also includes means to occult all or a portion of the target image presented to the trainee by an appropriate foreground image.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an apparatus .[.and method.]., in conjunction with standard monochrome and color television receivers, for the generation, display, manipulation, and use of symbols or geometric figures upon the screen of the television receivers for the purpose of .[.training simulation, for.]. playing games.[., and for engaging in other activities.]. by one or more participants. The invention comprises in one embodiment a control unit, .Iadd.an apparatus .Iaddend.connecting .[.means.]. .Iadd.the control unit to the television receiver .Iaddend.and in some applications a television screen overlay mask utilized in conjunction with a standard television receiver. The control unit includes the control .[.means.]. .Iadd.circuitry.Iaddend., switches and .Iadd.other .Iaddend.electronic circuitry for the generation, manipulation and control of video signals which are to be displayed on the television screen. The connecting .[.means.]. .Iadd.apparatus selectively .Iaddend.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to .[.an apparatus and.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.method, in conjunction with standard monochrome and color television receivers, for the generation, display, manipulation, and use of symbols or geometric figures upon the screen of the television receivers for the purpose of .[.training simulation, for.]. playing games.[., and for engaging in other activities.]. by one or more participants. The invention comprises in one embodiment a control unit, connecting elements and in some applications a television screen overlay mask utilized in conjunction with a standard television receiver. The control 10 unit includes the control, switches and electronic circuitry for the generation, manipulation and control of video signals which are to be displayed on the television screen. The connecting elements couple the video signals to the receiver antenna terminals thereby using existing electronic circuits within the receiver to process and display the signals.