Abstract: Proteins such as enzymes are immobilized on macroporous resins having recurring bis-picolylamine, imino diacetate or hydroxyethyl picolylamine chelating sites. Immobilization is carried out by contacting the resin with a multivalent metal ion selected from the transition metals or rare earth metals and adsorbing the protein to the resin. This immobilization technique permits strongly binding protein to a high surface area resin. The protein can be readily removed from the resin by simply flushing the resin with an appropriate solution.

Abstract: A process for purifying glucose isomerase comprises the steps of acid treatment and salt fractionation. An enzyme solution is treated with an acid, such as acetic acid, to a pH from about 3.5 to about 5.0. The proteinaceous solids are collected and extracted with a buffer, such as imidazole, whose solution has a pH of about 6 to about 8. The solution is then collected and a salt, such as ammonium sulfate, is dissolved therein from about 40% to about 50% of its saturation point. The proteinaceous solids which form are removed and additional ammonium sulfate is dissolved to attain from about 41% to about 60% of its saturation point, followed by collection of the solids containing purified enzyme. A composition which preserves enzyme activity upon storage of glucose isomerase and which imparts resistance to thermal deactivation of said enzyme comprises an aqueous solution of glycerol, a buffer whose solution is at a pH of about 6 to about 8, divalent cobalt ions and magnesium ions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the renewal of a deactivated insolubilized glucose isomerase which comprises subjecting an insolubilized glucose isomerase adsorbed onto an anion exchange resin, which has been used for isomerization of glucose into fructose to decrease its activity, to treatments by an aqueous mineral acid solution in combination with an aqueous alkaline solution, an aqueous electrolytic salt solution, an aqueous mineral acid or a mixture thereof to release adsorbed materials from the resin which is converted into a salt type and adsorbing fresh glucose isomerase to the regenerated resin to recover the activity of the insolubilized glucose isomerase.

Abstract: Immobilized enzyme compositions for industrial use are produced by reacting an enzyme and/or enzyme-containing microorganism cells with an anion-exchange high molecular substance having a quaternary pyridine ring in the molecule, and then subjecting the reaction products to molding and drying in a molding machine. A polyfunctional crosslinking agent may be added at any stage of the process. The immobilized enzyme compositions thus prepared can be packed in a reactor of an industrial scale for continuous enzyme reaction.

Abstract: Immobilized glucose isomerase preparation is prepared from microbial cells of Actinomycetes having glucose isomerase activity by the following procedures:A liquid culture of said microorganism is adjusted to a pH value of 6 to 9, heated to a temperature of 70.degree. to 80.degree. C., held for 1 to 20 minutes at the temperature and cooled rapidly. Then the microbial cells are harvested from the culture by filtration or centrifugation, frozen, subsequently thawed, and mixed with gelatin or sodium caseinate in an amount of 2 to 10% based on the dry substance of the treated cells. The mixture is kneaded to form a paste, which is impregnated in 0.2 to 1.0% glutaraldehyde solution in acetone to form a solid. Then the solidified material are separated from the acetonic solution by filtration without washing and finally dried to form immobilized glucose isomerase.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously circulating a mixture comprising a liquid and a gas around a system comprising a riser and a downcomer and a gas disengagement section in which liquid flows downwardly at a velocity which does not exceed 0.2 meters per second and is being injected into a lower section of the riser. The method and apparatus are particularly useful for conducting aerobic fermentations.