Abstract: A method for producing streptovaricin by culturing a streptovaricin producing strain in the presence of a nonionic adsorbent. This procedure substantially increases the production efficiency of the streptovaricin. A second embodiment wherein the streptovaricin producing strain is produced in the presence of fumaric acid or its water soluble salts to provide improvements in production efficiency is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides a feline vaccine composition comprising an immunogenically active component having inactivated mammalian chlamydial cells or antigens derived therefrom, in combination with an effective amount of an immunogenically suitable adjuvant; and a veterinary pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The vaccine composition is useful to prevent chlamydia, e.g. C. psittaci, infections or diseases in felines, and may also be combined with other vaccine compositions or therapy. A process for producing C. psittaci suitable for use in the production of safe and effective chlamydia vaccines, and a method for preventing chlamydia infections or diseases in felines, are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of the enzyme cyanide hydratase which comprises continuously cultivating a microorganism strain under specified conditions of temperature, pH and dilution rate whilst continuously supplying cyanide ions and/or hydrogen cyanide and/or compounds which generate cyanide ions and/or hydrogen cyanide under fermentation conditions to the culture. A method for the treatment of a cyanide-containing material to degrade the cyanide therein which uses cyanide hydratase produced by the process of the invention is also claimed. Preferably the microorganism is a Fusarium strain, in particular Fusarium lateritium Naas CM1 300533 deposited at The Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Richmond Surrey, England under the terms of the Budapest Treaty.

Abstract: The present invention relates to yeast with a high arginine content which belongs to Kluyveromyces polysporus and has resistance to ethionine.

Abstract: Live vaccines are provided and methods for preparing the live vaccines for protection of a host from a pathogenic microorganism. The vaccines are prepared by introducing at least one modification in a gene involved in at least one, normally at least two, biosynthetic pathways involving the production of products which are unlikely to be found in the disease susceptible host. The modification results in a gene change which cannot be repaired by a single step, e.g. polynucleotide deletions and inversions. Where the aro gene suffers such a change, the resultant auxotrophic mutants require aromatic amino acids, p-aminobenzoic acid and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid or a highly concentrated source of absorabable iron. The auxotrophic mutations have substantially reduced or nonexistent virulence while retaining the desired immunogenicity to initiate the immunogenic response. Various techniques can be employed for providing the desired change.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selecting a mutant strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces which is a hyper-producer of Streptovaricin C superior to those know heretofore. This is accomplished by first subjecting a natural strain of Streptomyces spectabilis to conditions so as to isolate organisms which are streptovaricin resistant. The streptovaricin resistant organisms thus isolated are then subjected to mutagenesis and then cultured. The colonies which are asporogenous are individually cultured in fermentation batches such that the strains take the form of pellets of varying sizes and colors. From the batch having the most heterogeneous mixture of pellets, the smallest pellet or the pellet(s) having the deepest color (usually deep red or crimson) is isolated. We have discovered that the strain of this pellet has a high likelihood of being a hyperproducer of streptovaricin. The strain of this pellet may then be subjected to fermentation conditions to produce streptovaricin.

Abstract: A process for preparation of an attenuated strain of avian encephalomyelitis virus ("AEV") which may be used as a component of a protective vaccine, which comprises the steps of infecting chick embryo fibroblast ("CEF") cells with AEV, culturing the AEV-infected CEF cells until the AEV has become adapted to the CEF cells and then isolating the AEV product from the CEF cells for use in the vaccine. An attenuated AEV strain produced in this way, and tests showing use as a vaccine in chickens are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selecting a mutant strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces which is a hyper-producer of Streptovaricin C superior to those know heretofore. This is accomplished by first subjecting a natural strain of Streptomyces spectabilis to conditions so as to isolate organisms which are streptovaricin resistant. The streptovaricin resistant organisms thus isolated are then subjected to mutagenesis and then cultured. The colonies which are asporogenous are individually cultured in fermentation batches such that the strains take the form of pellets of varying sizes and colors. From the batch having the most heterogeneous mixture of pellets, the smallest pellet or the pellet(s) having the deepest color (usually deep red or crimson) is isolated. We have discovered that the strain of this pellet has a high likelihood of being a hyperproducer of streptovaricin. The strain of this pellet may then be subjected to fermentation conditions to produce streptovaricin.

Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: Chromium in solid waste residues may be immobilized by reduction of essentially all of the Cr(VI) to insoluble Cr(III). The Cr(VI) is separated from the solids by contacting with an acid to produce an aqueous solution having a pH of about 6.5 to 9.5, then adding sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria and, as required, a source of sulfates and nutrients for the growth of the bacteria. Where the solid residues are below the surface of the soil, a continuous recirculation may be established to extract Cr(VI), treat the resulting solution above grade to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and return the treated solution to the soil.

Abstract: Microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas containing aspartate beta-decarboxylase at a high level are produced by culturing said microorganism in a medium supplemented with a chelating agent. L-Alanine can be efficiently produced from L-aspartic acid said microorganisms or the treated product thereof.

Abstract: A process for biotechnological upgrading of shale oil in selectively removing damaging nitrogen-containing compounds comprising treating the raw shale oil with special microbial cultures having specific ability to degrade the harmful nitrogen-containing compounds, such as the amines, nitriles and heterocyclics as the quinolines and pyridines, and converting them into non-damaging components.

Abstract: A novel strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis has the unique characteristics of being significantly resistant to the effect of antihelmintic drugs, in particular the antihelmintic drugs ivermectin and thiabendazole. The novel strain of T. colubriformis was prepared by the serial passage of the helminth through sheep. Twenty passages of the helminth through sheep were adequate to impart resistance to oral therapy of 20 times that normally expected with ivermectin. The highly resistant parasite is useful to screen for antihelmintic agents with different modes of action than that of ivermectin or thiabendazole which represent two of the three major classes of modern, broad spectrum anthelmintics.

Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing Streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: A Newcastle disease vaccine and method of using the vaccine for protecting a poultry animal from Newcastle disease is provided. The vaccine consists of a naturally attenuated live Newcastle disease virus which has the identifying characteristics of ATCC No. VR 2239. The vaccine is capable of conferring solid immunity against Newcastle disease and causes minimal respiratory or other undesirable reactions in inoculated animals.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for growth acid-producing bacterial cultures, such as diary cultures, wherein the culture is selected to contain a urease-producing strain of bacteria and the medium used for the culturing contains added urea. During culturing the urease hydrolyzes the urea to acid-neutralizing ammonia which limits the pH drop of the medium, thereby producing cultures of higher bacterial activity. The urea-containing culture media can also be employed with bacterial cultures which do not produce urease, providing urease is added to the culture medium during growth of the bacteria.

Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: This application relates to an improved method for oxidizing multimetallic sulphide ores and concentrates, using a combination chemical/biological leaching process and at least three different types of bacteria. The treatment process for multi-metallic ores such as arsenopyrite can be made to work rapidly and to as much as 98% sulphide oxidation, when the finely ground ore or concentrate is leached in agitated, air sparged tanks, with strains of three different bacteria, T. thiooxidans, T. ferrooxidans, and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. L. ferrooxidans is quite similar to T. ferrooxidans and obtains its energy for growth from the oxidation of ferrous iron. The process of the invention may conveniently be a continuously operating process utilizing more than one stage. Most of the chemical/biological action using the bacterium T. thiooxidans preferably takes place in the first stage, while in the subsequent stages the activity of T. thiooxidans is decreased in favor of the activity of the bacteria T.

Abstract: Mutations are induced in a microorganism selected from the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae or from the species Candia flareri. The resulting mutants are cultured in the presence of a fermentation inhibitor, such as acetaldehyde, ephedrine or PAC-dione, to form colonies having resistance to the inhibitor. Cells from the colonies are isolated and tested for yield of phenyl acetyl carbinol (PAC) in a fermentation with benzaldehyde and pyruvate. Yeast cells from the colonies that produce elevated levels of PAC are selected for use in subsequent fermentations. PAC is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of 1-ephedrine and d-pseudoephedrine, two well-known medicinal chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a novel Mycoplasma vaccine which is avirulent for chickens and is not pathogenic for turkeys. In particular such vaccine contains the Mycoplasma strain Intervet 6/85 (deposit No. I-673 at CNCM, Pasteur Institute, Paris France).

Abstract: Vaccines active against coccidiosis in domestic fowls contain attenuated precocious strains of Eimeria species.

Abstract: A method and medium for selective growth of Propionibacterium from mixed culture samples is disclosed. The medium comprises a lactic acid source as its primary energy or nutrient source and in combination therewith a small but effective amount of a heavy metal salt to which Propionibacterium is resistant, selected from a group of water-soluble cadmium and arsenic salts.

Abstract: Process for obtaining a mass of polysaccharide-producing microorganisms, consisting in conducting the growth of the microorganisms in a medium containing an enzyme which hydrolyzes the formed polysaccharide.Application in a process for the production of polysaccharide in two stages, in which the growth stage takes place in the presence of an enzyme, particularly for the production of scleroglucane using sclerotium type fungi.

Abstract: A substantial elevation of the space-time yield is achieved in the preparation of D-.alpha.-amino acids by means of the biotransformation of hydantoins which are monosubstituted in the 5-position in an aqueous medium in the presence of cells of the microorganism Agrobacterium radiobacter if the biotransformation is carried out under a elevated pressure at the start of the reaction. A further improvement results if this elevated pressure is maintained for a period of at least 16 hours, then removed and the biotransformation continued at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Anaplasma marginale antigen, antigen compositions, vaccine and process for the production of said antigen, antigen composition and vaccine are disclosed. The Anaplasma marginale is free of the erythrocyte antigens that cause neonatal isoerythrolysis, and effective as a vaccinate which will not only protect the vaccinate against bovine anaplasmosis, but does not induce neonatal isoerythrolysis in offspring of vaccinates.

Abstract: Bacterial cultures of T. thiooxidans, T. ferrooxidans and L. ferrooxidans used to oxidize multimetallic sulfide ores are first adapted to high dissolved arsenic concentrations and low pH by subjecting the cultures in a solution containing dissolved arsenic, to successive incremental concentrations of arsenic while operating in a continuous mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the deodorization of foul-smelling substances by the use of a single strain or a few strains of autotrophic bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the deodorization of foul-smelling substances by the use of a single strain or a few strains of autotropic bacteria.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel microorganisms separated from natural environments and purified and genetically modified, process for immobilizing these microorganisms by affixing then to substrates, the biocatalytic compositions formed by these microorganisms affixed to substrates, and the use of the biocatalytic compositions for the detoxification of toxin-polluted streams. The microorganisms are (1) Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC SD 904); (2) Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC SD 903); (3) Pseudomonas cepacia (ATCC SD 905); (4) Methylobacter rhodinum (ATCC 113-X); and (5) Methylobacter species (ATCC 16 138-X).

Abstract: A biologically pure culture of a strain of bacteria of a Lactobacillus species in which the bacteria have avid adherence to intestinal cells, are able to survive at low pH, and produce large amounts of lactic acid.

Abstract: Live vaccines are provided and methods for preparing the live vaccines for protection of a host from a pathogenic microorganism. The vaccines are prepared by introducing at least one modification in a gene involved in at least one, normally at least two, biosynthetic pathways, involving the production of products which are unlikely to be found in the disease susceptible host. The modification results in a gene change which cannot be repaired by a single step e.g. polynucleotide deletions and inversions. Where the aro gene suffers such a change, the resultant auxotrophic mutants require aromatic amino acids, p-aminobenzoic acid and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid or a highly concentrated source of absorbable iron. The auxotrophic mutations have substantially reduced or nonexistent virulence, while retaining the desired immunogenicity to initiate the immunogenic response. Various techniques can be employed for providing the desired change.Salmonella typhimurium strain SL1479 was deposited at the ATCC on Sept.

Abstract: An efficacious parenterally administered modified live Canine Corona virus vaccine which provides systemic, humoral protection and also protection of the intestinal tract in dogs from infection by virulent Canine Corona virus is produced. A method for propagation of the Canine Corona virus and its attenuation and a method of evaluating the effectiveness of a Canine Corona virus vaccine in canines is also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel plasmid and its use in a microbial host to degrade a variety of organic compounds. Some of these compounds, such as ethylene dichloride, are undesirable waste products found in various dump sites. The invention also concerns a novel microbe hosting the novel plasmid. The novel plasmid has been shown to encode the gene(s) responsible for the degradation of the organic compounds. Thus, microbes hosting this plasmid, denoted pEDC, can be used to degrade ethylene dichloride, and other compounds.

Abstract: The adhesion of non-pathogenic bacteria to the stomach and intestines of humans and animals is increased by the administration of the bacteria in the presence of a protein, designated adhesive promoting protein, which can be produced by cultivating lactic acid bacteria in a medium with the addition of forms of sugar of enhanced concentration. A preparation to increase said adhesion contains non-pathogenic bacteria cultivated in the manner described above, together with adhesive promoting protein.

Abstract: A variant strain of the organism Lactobacillus delbrueckii, accession number ATCC 53197, is provided as well as an improved process for the preparation of lactic acid by the fermentation of carbohydrates using the method strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii.

Abstract: A vaccine for humans or warm-blooded animals for preventing or curing diseases caused by pathogenic germs, for example Staphylococcus or other bacteria, is obtained by growing the respective pathogenic germ in a form that lives on animal protein alien to warm-blooded animals, for example on fish protein, and incorporating this form of pathogenic germ in the vaccine.

Abstract: L-Phenylalanine can be prepared using microorganisms belonging to the series comprising E. coli, Paracoccus denitrificans, Torula, Rhodotorula or Streptomyces after adaptation to phenylpyruvic acid, by amination with suitable sources of nitrogen. It is advantageous to employ the microorganism in the form of fixed cells.

Abstract: Live vaccines are provided and methods for preparing the live vaccines for protection of a host from a pathogenic microorganism. The vaccines are prepared by introducing at least one modification in a gene involved in at least one, normally at least two, biosynthetic pathways, involving the production of products which are unlikely to be found in the disease susceptible host. The modification results in a gene change which cannot be repaired by a single step e.g. polynucleotide deletions and inversions. Where the aro gene suffers such a change, the resultant auxotrophic mutants require aromatic amino acids, p-aminobenzoic acid and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid or a highly concentrated source of absorbable iron. The auxotrophic mutations have substantially reduced or nonexistent virulence, while retaining the desired immunogenicity to initiate the immunogenic response. Various techniques can be employed for providing the desired change.Salmonella typhimurium strain SL1479 was deposited at the ATCC on Sept.

Abstract: The novel variant Lactobacillus bulgaricus sensitive at a lower temperature, that is, showing a weak tendency towards formation of lactic acid in a range of the lower temperature, and the method for the selection of the variant, are disclosed. By employing the variant, it is possible to produce a fermented milk or lactic acid beverage in which the rate of increase in the sour taste after preservation at a lower temperature is significantly lowered.Cultures of the variant Lactobacillus bulgaricus have been deposited with the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology and accorded the number of FERM BP-1041.

Abstract: The use of an inorganic azide compound as an inhibitor for a wastewater treatment bacterial additive composition. The inorganic azide compounds used in the invention serve to confer a useful life for the bacterial additive composition, yet a relatively short reactivation time which is of great advantage in wastewater treatment systems with short detention times. The inorganic azide compounds employed as an inhibitor in the bacterial composition additives of the invention include alkali metal azides, alkaline earth metal azides, lead azide and hydrazoic acid.

Abstract: A cell mediated immune response system glycoprotein having a molecular weight of about 90,000 and having at least one sialic acid moiety as a biologically active site is disclosed. The glycoprotein is specifically bound by wheat germ agglutinin and also by the hydrophobically binding ligand Blue A (Cibacron Blue F3G-A) but does not bind to lysine. The glycoprotein is a necessary cofactor with Interleukin-1 in the biosynthesis of T-cell growth factor (I1-2). A process for producing a serum-free and mitogen-free I1-2 in vitro by adding the glycoprotein to a serum-free- and mitogen-free Interleukin-1 preparation is described. The method for producing the serum-free and mitogen-free Interleukin-1 is also described. A chemically defined T-cell growth culture medium containing the new glycoprotein as the only protein substance is used in the above process and also provides a means for studying regulation of T-cell lymphocyte growth.

Abstract: There are provided compositions for repairing defects of cartilage and bones. These are provided in gel form either as such, or embedded in natural or artificial bones. The gel comprises certain types of cells. These may be committed embryonal chondocytes or any kind of mesenchyme originated cells which potentially can be converted to cartilage cells, generally by the influence of chondrogenic inducing factors, in combination with fibrinogen, antiprotease and thrombin. The cells ought to be of the species to which the composition is transplanted. It is advantageous to incorporate in the gel extracellular matrix (ECM) of chondrocytes or other hormones and/or growth factors such as SM (Somatomedin=IGF-I), FGF (fibroblast growth factor), CGF (cartilage growth factor), BDGF (bone derived growth factor) or a combination of any of these.

Abstract: A method for producing and isolating catabolite resistant, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-producing microorganisms is disclosed. Also disclosed are novel catabolite resistant organisms and a method for producing L-phenylalanine using such organisms.

Abstract: Wine having a reduced malic acid content is produced by inoculating wine or must with an activated bacterial culture that converts malic acid to lactic acid. The activated bacterial culture is produced by inoculating a concentrate of the bacteria into fruit juice to provide a high number of bacterial cells in the juice and holding the inoculated juice for a period without significant increase in cell population of the bacteria. The bacteria concentrate is a lyophilized or frozen culture concentrate of the bacteria that has been grown on a medium containing malic acid. When producing the frozen concentrate, a freeze stabilizing agent may be mixed with the bacteria.

Abstract: A composition is used as a reagent in a method for measuring Antistreptolysin O (ASO) in a blood sample. The composition contains Streptolysin O (SO) at a pH outside the range of its hemolytic activity, e.g., outside the pH range of 5-9. At that pH the SO is reversibly inactivated while maintaining its hemolytic capacity. The composition is employed to measure ASO by mixing one or more samples of non-hemolyzed blood or serum with one or more known quantities of the composition with a known hemolytic capacity, incubating each mixture to allow reaction of any ASO in the sample with the SO, restoring the hemolytic activity of the SO by adjustment of pH to permit lysis and detecting the presence or absence of lysis in each sample.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved fermentation process for bioconversion of toluene to muconic acid.The process involves operating the bioconversion system under phosphate-limiting conditions so as to achieve an increase in specific muconic acid productivity with a stabilized population of microorganism such as an ATCC No. 31,916 type of Pseudomonas putida Biotype A mutant strain.

Abstract: Living mammalian cells are modified by subjecting them to the influence of the ions from a metal electrode, for example of silver, which is placed in contact with them and which is made electrically positive, and causing a low intensity direct current to flow through them. The cells, which are relatively specialized, such as normal mammalian fibroblasts, assume a simpler, relatively unspecialized form and come to resemble hematopoetic or marrow-like cells.

Abstract: A novel asporogenic strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum is produced by growing a spore-forming strain in a continuous culturing reactor. Culturing is conducted at a dilution rate which prevents accumulation of butanol and acetone in the medium. Culturing at this dilution rate is continued until the asporogenic strain is obtained.

Abstract: A bacterial strain comprising a strain of Pseudomonas exhibits acceleration of growth in a logarithmic phase in a trophic culture medium when hydrocarbons are added thereto, a process for producing such a bacterial strain, and a purification process using such a bacterial strain.

Abstract: This invention relates to the treatment of obnoxious waste effluents, both industrial and municipal, such as chemical waste landfill leachates, chemical process wastewaters and other obnoxious waste effluents by the use of microbial cultures, especially adapted to biodegrade the obnoxious chemicals in the chemical wastes, such as activated sludge and inoculants for activated sludge, and the new inoculated activated sludges and their use in biological wastewater systems such as continuous and batch reactors.