Abstract: Methods for identifying ribonucleotide sequences, in vitro, using the ribosome-mediated translation, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to compositions, methods, and systems for performing single-molecule, real-time analysis of a variety of different biological reactions. The ability to analyze such reactions provides an opportunity to study those reactions as well as to potentially identify factors and/or approaches for impacting such reactions, e.g., to either enhance or inhibit such reactions. In certain preferred embodiments, RNA templates are used in single-molecule real-time sequencing reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for predicting the risk of a patient for developing adverse drug reactions, particularly Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) or hepatotoxicity. The invention also provides a method of identifying a subject afflicted with, or at risk of, developing DILI. In some aspects, the methods comprise analyzing at least one genetic marker, wherein the presence of the at least one genetic marker indicates that the subject is afflicted with, or at risk of, developing DILI.

Abstract: Provided herein are polymeric carriers suitable for the delivery of polynucleotides (e.g. oligonucleotides) and/or other therapeutic agents into a living cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling hair growth, a method for selecting or evaluating a hair growth control agent, and a hair growth suppression agent. The present invention provides a method for selecting or evaluating a hair growth control agent, including the steps of administering a test substance to a cell capable of expressing DnaJC6; measuring the expression of DnaJC6 in the cell; and evaluating the controlling effect of the test substance on hair growth based on the expression. The present invention also provides a hair growth suppression agent containing funabarasou (Cynanchum atratum) or its extract as the active ingredient.

Abstract: We disclose a method comprising: (a) providing an embryonic stem (ES) cell; and (b) establishing a progenitor cell line from the embryonic stem cell; in which the progenitor cell line is selected based on its ability to self-renew. Preferably, the method selects against somatic cells based on their inability to self-renew. Preferably, the progenitor cell line is derived or established in the absence of co-culture, preferably in the absence of feeder cells, which preferably selects against embryonic stem cells. Optionally, the method comprises (d) deriving a differentiated cell from the progenitor cell line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the activation of silent genes in microorganisms by co-cultivation of an inducer and a recipient microorganism. The inducer is selected from a chemical inducer, a microorganism inducer which is selected from a killed microorganism cell and/or inactivated culture medium in which said microorganism cell had been cultured and/or medium inducer. The present invention furthermore relates to a method for screening for an inducer and to a method of screening for a recipient microorganism by co-cultivation of an inducer and a recipient organism. The methods are useful for the detection of medicaments, such as antibiotics. The present invention further relates to media for culturing microorganisms comprising an inducer.

Abstract: Bioassays for detecting the ability of one sample of a food substance, nutritional supplement, therapeutic agent and/or disease preventive agent relative to that of a second sample of such a substance, supplement and/or agent to inhibit, upregulate or otherwise modulate translation initiation, and thereby demonstrate a disease curative and/or preventive effect in a human and/or animal that consumes a such substance, supplement and/or agent or to whom a such substance, supplement and/or agent is administered are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an isolated cellulose degrading fungus. Also disclosed are culture compositions and bioreactor compositions comprising the cellulose degrading fungus. Further described herein are filtration and extraction devices comprising the cellulose degrading fungus. Still further disclosed are bioprocessing facilities for and methods for producing co-products resulting from one or more bioprocesses of the cellulose degrading fungus.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and assays for the detection of active Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) activity in cells. The methods and assays involve detecting or assaying for partially double-stranded telomeric circles wherein the presence of said circles is specific for cells comprising an active ALT mechanism. In some embodiments the methods find application in, inter alia, determining the level of ALT activity in a cell, determining the ALT status of a cancer in a subject, diagnosing and/or treating disease, determining disease status, analysis of treatment efficacy, and the identification of novel therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The invention provides for engineering and optimization of systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors with additional functional domains. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to ensure enhanced specificity for target recognition and avoidance of toxicity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) wherein, presence or absence of an anti-AT1 receptor antibody is determined in a sample from a patient to be diagnosed and wherein, the presence of an anti-AT1-receptor antibody is indicative of the disease.

Abstract: The invention provides systems to control gene expression or activity using target molecules.

Abstract: A reverse transcriptase encoded by L-1 (LINE-1) has been identified as a target molecule for treating or preventing cancers induced or mediated by this molecule. Method of treating or preventing such cancers in patients involves administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a composition having an inhibitor or antagonist of the reverse transcriptase in cells of the patients. The inhibitor or antagonist blocks lengthening of telomeres in telomerase negative cells. Methods and kits for detecting pathologically proliferating cells expressing L1RT are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating a cell proliferative disorder in a subject is provided. The method for treating a cell proliferative disorder has a step of: administering a C1GALT1 inhibition substance to the subject for inhibiting C1GALT1 expression or activity in the subject, so as to treat the cell proliferative disorder in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the screening of antibacterial substances comprising a step of determining the ability of a candidate substance to inhibit the activity of a purified enzyme selected from the group consisting of: (i) a D-aspartate ligase comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence possessing at least 50% amino acid identity with an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No 1 to SEQ ID No 10, or a biologically active fragment thereof; and (ii) a L,D-transpeptidase comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence possessing at least 50% amino acid identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 11, or a biologically active fragment thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides for engineering and optimization of systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors with additional functional domains. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to ensure enhanced specificity for target recognition and avoidance of toxicity.

Abstract: A bed of microbeads is used as a foundation for reconstructing a three-dimensional osteocyte network by culturing osteocytes within the bed. The osteocytes are cultured such that they form a network among the microbeads that is capable of simulating the osteocyte network of natural bone. The osteocytes are cultured in a microfluidic device adapted for the purpose.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for isolating and detecting rare cells from a biological sample containing other types of cells, particularly including debulking that uses a microfabricated filter for filtering samples. The enriched rare cells can be used in a downstream process such as identification, characterization or growth in culture, or in other ways. Also included is a method of determining tumor aggressiveness or the number or proportion of cancer cells in the enriched sample by detecting telomerase activity, nucleic acid or expression after enrichment of rare cells. Also provided is an efficient, rapid method to specifically remove red and white blood cells from a biological sample containing at least one of the cell types, leading to enrichment of rare target cells including circulating tumor (CTC), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, fetal, stem, or non-hematopoietic cells et cetera from a blood sample.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for the identification or validation of compounds capable of causing ribosomal frameshifting and the use of the compounds identified by the methods described herein to produce a stabilized SMN?Ex7 protein and treat Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and assays for isolating and culturing seborrheic keratosis cells ex vivo. Also provided herein are screening assays using cultured seborrheic keratosis cells and methods for treating seborrheic keratosis in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for observing or studying cells having a cell wall or invertebrate embryos with an oblong eggshell, the devices comprising wells having a conical or frustoconical shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to; a pharmaceutical compostion capable of enhancing immunity against viruses by specifically decreasing the expression of the OASL1 protein; and a method for screening for a material capable of being used as an antiviral agent by comparing the amount of expression of the OASL1 protein.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of identifying a candidate compound which may inhibit estrogen receptor-dependent transcription or ?9-nAChR overexpression and proliferation of nicotine-derived-compound-induced breast cancer cells by using an activating protein 1 (AP1) polypeptide. The invention found that ?9-nAChR has an activating protein 1 (AP1)-binding site, that the ?9-nAChR promoter is located at the AP1-binding site, and that ERs specifically bind to the ?9-nAChR promoter at the AP1-binding site, indicating that ER-induced ?9-nAChR up-regulation plays a central role in the response to endogenous (E2) or exogenous (nicotine) stimulation.

Abstract: An agent for inhibiting translesion DNA replication comprises a non-natural adenine ribose analog represented by those as set forth in FIG. 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use (i) of a level of expression of a long RBM39 protein isoform, termed RBM39L, and (ii) of a level of expression of a short RBM39 protein isoform, termed RBM39C, as a marker for the efficacy of an active agent capable of preventing and/or treating HIV infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of p11 as a drug target as well as a tool for the diagnosis, treatment and development of p11/5-HT receptor related disorders. The invention further relates to p11 knock-out animals as well as p11 transgenic animals and their use as models for the development of novel psychotherapeutic agents, and to methods of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of p11/5-HT receptor related disorders.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to the generation of micropatterns of biomolecules and cells on standard laboratory materials through selective ablation of a physisorbed biomolecule with oxygen plasma. In certain embodiments, oxygen plasma is able to ablate selectively physisorbed layers of biomolecules (e.g., type-I collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and Matrigel) along complex non-linear paths which are difficult or impossible to pattern using alternative methods. In addition, certain embodiments of the present invention relate to the micropatterning of multiple cell types on curved surfaces, multiwell plates, and flat bottom flasks. The invention also features kits for use with the subject methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting cell growth, a nucleic acid molecule useful as an anticancer agent, and a method for screening novel anticancer agents. In the present invention, inhibitory effects on expression of NEK10 variant gene or inhibitory effects on activity of NEK10 variant protein are obtained in cells by transfecting cells with a nucleic acid molecule having an RNA interference effect on NEK10 variant gene. The present invention also provides a method for screening anticancer agents by using this inhibitory effect as an indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of treating a patient at risk of developing or having a neurofibromatosis or a sporadic schwannoma. In exemplary embodiments, the method involves administering to a subject in need an effective amount of a modulator of a target related to neurofibromatosis. Also disclosed are screening assays involving the implementation of Merlin-null Schwann cells, and to compounds identified using same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for detecting for the presence of an agent that putatively causes or potentiates DNA damage comprising subjecting a cell (containing a DNA sequence encoding a reporter protein operatively linked to a human GADD45? gene promoter and a human GADD45? gene regulatory element arranged to activate expression of the DNA sequence in response to DNA damage) to an agent; and monitoring the expression of the reporter protein from the cell. The invention also concerns expression cassettes, vectors and cells which may be used according to such a method and also modified media that may be employed in fluorescence assays and in preferred embodiments of the method of the invention.

Abstract: Provided is a single construct combining a sequence encoding an RNAi molecule, a sequence encoding a reporter, and a target sequence specific for the RNAi molecule. The construct can be used to determine the potency of the encoded RNAi molecule in a direct and unbiased way. These results can be used to inform the design of potent RNAi molecules of various types and can be extended to several other applications, including: (1) generation of tiled libraries comprising every possible RNAi molecule-encoding sequence for a given gene target; (2) large-scale parallel validation of RNAi molecules targeting many genes to generate validated RNAi molecule-encoding libraries; (3) experimental comparison of design algorithms and strategies; and (4) investigation of RNAi biology in target site mutagenesis assays by screening pools containing single nucleotide changes in target sites and/or in the RNAi molecule to identify the most relevant sequence characteristics of potent RNAi-target site predictions.

Abstract: Provided are methods and kits for analyzing biomarkers in one or more signal transduction pathways in a cell. In some embodiments, the methods and kits of the invention permit simultaneous analysis of more than one biomarker and/or more than one signal transduction pathway. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for detecting whether a cell treated with an agent targeting a targeted biomarker is responding to the agent, or whether the cell is developing resistance to the agent. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for determining which biomarker to target in a diseased or damaged cell, or which pathway an agent is targeting in an agent-treated cell. The invention provides kits for carrying out the described methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the editing profile of PDE8A pre-mRNA as a specific bio marker of ADARs activities in evolved primate, particularly in Human tissues. The present invention also relates to an in vitro method for predicting in Human an alteration of the mechanism of the ADARs catalysed pre-mRNA editing of target genes, by analysing the PDE8A pre-mRNA editing profile in a peripheral tissue sample containing cells expressing said PDE8A pre-mRNA, such as blood sample. The present invention is also directed to an in vitro method for the screening of potential therapeutic compound and to predict and assess therapeutic efficacy and/or efficiency or to diagnose potential severe brain or peripheral drug side effects implementing said PDE8A pre-mRNA editing profile as specific biomarker.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To identify mutations that can serve as indicators for predicting the effectiveness of drug treatments in cancers such as lung cancer; to provide a means for detecting said mutations; and to provide a means for identifying, based on said mutations, patients with cancer or subjects with a risk of cancer, in which drugs targeting genes having said mutations or proteins encoded by said genes show a therapeutic effect. [MEANS FOR SOLVING] A method for detecting a gene fusion serving as a responsible mutation (driver mutation) for cancer, the method comprising the step of detecting any one of an EZR-ERBB4 fusion polynucleotide, a KIAA1468-RET fusion polynucleotide, a TRIM24-a BRAF fusion polynucleotide, a CD74-NRG1 fusion polynucleotide, and an SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion polynucleotide, or a polypeptide encoded thereby, in an isolated sample from a subject with cancer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the engineering of animal cells, preferably mammalian, more preferably rat, that are deficient due to the disruption of gene(s) or gene product(s) resulting in altered nervous system function. In one aspect, the altered function results in pain in the mammal. In another aspect, the nervous system dysfunction results in prolonged hyperalgesia, allodynia, and loss of sensory function. In another aspect, the invention relates to genetically modified rats, as well as the descendants and ancestors of such animals, which are animal models of altered nervous system function mediated pain and methods of their use. In another aspect, the genetically modified rats, as well as the descendants and ancestors of such animals, are animal models of nervous system dysfunction resulting in prolonged hyperalgesia, allodynia, and loss of sensory function and methods of their use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treating autism. Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treating an autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a desired rat or a rat cell which contains a predefined, specific and desired alteration rendering the rat or rat cell predisposed to drug transport sensitivity or resistance drug transport resistance or sensitivity. Specifically, the invention pertains to a genetically altered rat, or a rat cell in culture, that is defective in at least one of two alleles of a drug transporter gene such as the Slc7a11 (NC_005101.2) gene, the Abcb1 (NC_005103.2) gene, etc. The present invention also provides a desired rat or a rat cell which contains a predefined, specific and desired alteration rendering the rat or rat cell predisposed to drug transport sensitivity or resistance drug transport resistance or sensitivity. Specifically, the invention pertains to a genetically altered rat, or a rat cell in culture, that is defective in at least one of two alleles of a drug transporter gene.

Abstract: High levels of bacterial flagella in a sample such as a gastrointestinal sample and/or low levels of anti-flagella antibodies serve as an indication for metabolic syndrome (such as insulin resistance, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, increased risk for blood clotting, and obesity) with highest levels of adiposity. An intervention that reduces the level and/or activity of flagella in the gastrointestinal tract can mitigate the severity of metabolic syndrome or in protecting against the development of metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: A non-human transgenic animal having a polynucleotide encoding a PTN polypeptide, which polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter, wherein said transgenic animal has greater than wild-type expression of the PTN polypeptide in at least one brain region, as well as related vectors, methods of producing transgenic animals, in vitro and in vivo screening methods for potential therapeutic agents, and methods for treating and diagnosing neuropsychiatric illnesses, particularly anxiety and depression, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of intestinal metaplasias that develop to esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The stem cells and differentiated cells of these intestinal metaplasias show high expression of CDH17 as well as other proteins. The invention also includes a clonal population of Barrett's esophagus stem cells as well as the stem cells of the surrounding normal epithelia and methods of using them for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Barrett's esophagus.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining whether an agent facilitates the conversion of a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein from its non-prion form to its prion form. This invention also provides methods for determining the presence and amount of the prion form of CPEB protein in a cell. This invention also provides methods for facilitating the conversion of a non-prion CPEB protein to its prion form. This invention also provides an isolated prion form cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein and compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that facilitates the conversion of CPEB protein from its non-prion form to its prion form, and methods of making such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition useful for the diagnosis of diseases associated with aberrant expression of the genes encoding the secreted proteins Futrin 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 (=R-Spondin 2, 3, 1 and 4, respectively), e.g. in connection with tumors or diseases of the muscle, kidneys or bones. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound which is capable of modifying (a) the expression of the gene encoding Futrin 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 or (b) the activity of the Futrin 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 protein.

Abstract: Human-derived fibroblast cells with copy number variation for alpha-synuclein, and methods of use thereof, are provided. For example, compositions and methods for high through-put screening of potential therapies for neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of determining whether a patient responds to a therapeutic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), of monitoring the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a patient, of determining the risk for a relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a patient, and of adjusting the dose of a therapeutic drug applied for therapeutic treatment of multiple sclerosis in a patient. Said methods are based on the determination of the level of at least one miRNA in a test sample isolated from the patient. The present invention also relates to a method of identifying a compound suitable for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in a patient.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides transformed human pluripotent stem cell (t-hPSC). t-hPSCs are not dependent on Oct4 for renewal and survival, however exhibit a sensitivity to reduced levels of the transcription factor Nanog. Also provided are methods of culturing cells for use in a cell-based screening assay comprising placing one or more transformed human pluripotent stem cells into a receptacle and culturing said stem cells in the receptacle to form a monolayer of stem cells without cell overlap. Methods of screening compounds using t-hPSCs are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for altering expression of target gene sequences and related gene products. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells and methods for utilizing the CRISPR-Cas system.

Abstract: A method of ascertaining the bio-safety of an agent is disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention include methods, compositions and kits for classifying a subject as having or being predisposed to a hematolymphoid neoplasm or malignancy if they harbor a mutation in the LNK gene. Aspects of the present invention also include screening for candidate agents for treating LNK mutation-based hematolymphoid neoplasms or malignancies in cell-based and cell free assays as well as therapeutic compositions for treating a LNK-mutant based hematolymphoid disorder. Also provided are compositions, systems, kits and computer program products that find use in practicing the subject methods.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods for identification of foetal cells and generation and isolation of binding members recognizing foetal cells. The methods of the invention may further be used for other purposes relating to characterization of biological samples and biological antigens. The methods are characterized by the applicability in situations where the interesting objects are present in a limited amount, or where the interesting objects are intermixed with other material, thus the methods are suitable for use in situations where the ratio of the interesting material compared to other material is low.