Abstract: Diets high in saturated fat and fructose have been implicated in the development of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. Provided herein are biomarkers, methods, and animal models useful for the investigation and non-invasive detection of NASH, including a non-invasive biomarker that could be used to establish disease severity, follow progression, and evaluate response to treatment in clinical trials for this increasingly prevalent disease.

Abstract: This invention relates, inter alia, to detecting and/or measuring succinylacetone and one or more additional biological analytes using mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A molecule identification and quantitation method is provided wherein a mass tag is conjugated to an analyte and the signature ion of the mass tag remains attached to the analyte after tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation (MS-MS or MS2). Rather than losing the signature ion, a mass-balance part of the structure can be lost as a charge neutral group under tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation. The signature ion can be used for quantitation and, upon further fragmentation, can also provide ion-signals characteristic of the analyte and useful in identifying the analyte. In some embodiments, the ion-signals generated from a third mass spectrometry fragmentation (MS3) can be compared with a known mass spectrum, for example, from a look-up table, from a library, or from a database, to provide an unambiguous identification of the analyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides in one aspect polymeric luminescent dye compounds having fluorescent properties, phosphorescent properties, or both fluorescent and phosphorescent properties.

Abstract: Novel fluorescent derivitization reagents are described that are suitable for coupling to biomolecules that contain aldehyde or ketone functional groups. In one embodiment is provided reagents that have the following formula: wherein Q is carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, or sulfonyl, and R5 is -L-Z; L is arylene, or a C1-6 perfluoroalkylene, or a single covalent bond; Z is a carbonyl hydrazide, hydrazide, sulfonyl hydrazide, or a thiocarbonyl hydrazide; R11-R14 are independently H, C1-6alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C1-6 alkylamino, di(C2-12-alkyl)amino, amino, carboxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, phenyl, or sulfo; and R21-R24 are independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C1-6 alkylamino, di(C2-12-alkyl)amino, amino, carboxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, phenyl, sulfo, or -L-Z. The method of treating a sample with the derivativization reagents is described.

Abstract: Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefore are provided. The devices integrate various functions of analyte monitoring, e.g., sample acquisition and testing.

Abstract: This invention provides antigen substance inductors which produce highly selective and/or specific vaccine precursor, vaccine, antibody (including idiotype antibody), neutralizing antibody, antitoxin. This invention is to produce and/or manufacture highly selective and/or specific vaccine precursor, vaccine, antibody (including idiotype antibody), neutralizing antibody, antitoxin by quantum thermodynamic and chemical control of molecular functions and morphogenesis, inducing non-functional complex macromolecules which form organism and/or non-organism and which become to be substance with fundamental structure more closed to an induction of the functions, utilizing the fundamental structure of molecule which is indicated in Formula 3-a as a representative molecule. Moreover, by those produced substances, this invention is to produce and/or manufacture antimicrobial agent, antiviral agent, neutralizing antibody, antitoxin, antitumor agent, anti-protozoa agent (malaria, spirochaeta et.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming an ion of formula (I) comprising the steps of: (i) reacting a compound of the formula (IIa); with a biopolymer, BP, having at least one group capable of reacting with M to form a covalent linkage, to provide a biopolymer derivative of the formula (IIIa); and (ii) cleaving the C—X bond between X and the ?-carbon atom of the derivative of formula (IIIa) to form the ion of formula (I); where: (IV) is a carbon atom bearing a single positive charge or a single negative charge; and X is a group comprising a thioether sulphur atom bound directly to the ?-carbon which is capable of being cleaved from the ?-carbon atom to form an ion of formula (I). The biopolymer derivatives of the invention have enhanced ionisability with respect to free biopolymer (BP) enabling improved analysis of the biopolymer using mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assay to test for pyrethroids in a sample. The assay is particularly useful for testing material treated with pyrethroids, such as bed netting and the like.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for determining an amount of an analyte in a test sample. The methods involve preparing a calibration curve using standard samples containing an isotopically-labeled standard in a biological matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the determination of the CaCO3, content of a scrubbing liquid, which has been separated from a scrubbing liquid circuit of a scrubbing column.

Abstract: Improved process for preparing high-purity, halogen-free o-phthalaldehyde, in which a) tetrahalo-o-xylene is hydrolyzed at a temperature of 155-160° C. and a pressure of from 2 to 5 bar, where appropriate in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, to o-phthalaldehyde, which b) is converted in an acidic alcoholic solution at a temperature of from 0 to the reflux temperature into the corresponding dialkoxyphthalane and, subsequently, c) an acetal cleavage is effected by acid hydrolysis at a pH >1.5 to pH 7, resulting in high-purity, halogen-free o-phthalaldehyde.

Abstract: Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefore are provided. The devices integrate various functions of analyte monitoring, e.g., sample acquisition and testing.

Abstract: The present invention provides various biomarkers of fatty liver disease, including steatosis and steatohepatitis. The present invention also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of fatty liver disease, methods of determining predisposition to fatty liver disease, methods of monitoring progression/regression of fatty liver disease, methods of assessing efficacy of compositions for treating fatty liver disease, methods of screening compositions for activity in modulating biomarkers of fatty liver disease, methods of treating fatty liver disease, as well as other methods based on biomarkers of fatty liver disease.

Abstract: A chemical analysis method for the determination of RO(CH2CH2O)nH, RO(C2H4O)nA, and AO(C2H4O)nA in a mixture thereof, wherein R is an alkyl group, A is a functional group for coupling with a surface or a biologically active material or another thing of use and n is an integer greater than 10. The method includes the step of chromatographing a sample of the mixture by liquid chromatography under critical conditions to determine the relative amounts of RO(CH2CH2O)n H, RO(C2H4O)nA, and AO(C2H4O)nA in the mixture. In addition a chemical analysis method for the determination of RO(CH2CH2O)nH, RO(C2H4O)nA, and AO(C2H4O)nA in a mixture thereof, wherein R is an alkyl group, A is a functional group for coupling with a biologically active material and n is an integer greater than 10. The method includes two steps.

Abstract: Process for determination of a drug or medicament or their metabolites in a (body) fluid or an extract of (body) tissue or (body) sample comprising the steps: (i) optionally treatment of the fluid or sample extract with at least one enzyme, (ii) contacting at least a first part of the fluid or extract with at least one first solid phase able to adsorb or absorb organic compounds out of the fluid or extract, and/or (iii) contacting at least a second part of the fluid or extract with at least one second phase, able to extract or adsorb organic compounds out of the fluid or extract, and/or (iv) optionally contacting at least a third part of the fluid or extract with a liquid phase able to extract organic compounds out of the fluid or extract, and/or (v) desorbing the compound(s) bound to the first solid phase by applying heat to the solid phase and/or by solvent extraction, optionally followed by evaporating the solvent at least partially, (vi) optionally extracting or desorbing the compound(s) contained in or b

Abstract: A method of estimating the amount of unreacted starting materials (glycerides, methyl esters, etc.) and the composition of a biodiesel using TLC in conjunction with a lipophilic dye, Nile Red is described herein. The dye based TLC method of the present invention is convenient and provides significant advantages over existing methods for estimating the purity of a biodiesel composition.

Abstract: Citrate analysis methods are described. In some embodiments, the methods can be used to analyze citrate in an electrodeposition bath.

Abstract: Kibble-type animal feeds and pet foods including a vegetable protein-based core matrix and a coating of a fat and at least one additive are described. The coating may include a probiotic enriched coating. Methods of forming the kibble-type animal feeds and pet foods are also described. Probiotic coating for a kibble showing acceptable stability and bioactivity are disclosed and methods for assessing the bioactivity of a probiotic in a food composition are also described.

Abstract: A method for measuring the homeostatic relationship between various substances in the body. The measured levels of substances in the body use the interrelationships of the various substances in order to establish guidelines for treating individuals.

Abstract: The invention provides biomolecule binding ligands, collections of biomolecule binding ligands, and their use in the purification of biological mixtures and in the identification of ligands having an affinity for a substance.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining the presence or amount of testosterone in a test sample, comprising ionizing all or a portion of the testosterone present in the sample to produce one or more testosterone ions that are detectable in a mass spectrometer. All or a portion of the testosterone present in the sample is ionized to produce one or more testosterone ions, which may be isolated and fragmented to produce precursor ions. A separately detectable internal testosterone standard can be provided in the sample. In a preferred embodiment, the reference is 2,2,4,6,6-d5 testosterone.

Abstract: Markers are provided for detecting coronary artery disease. Levels of these markers are indicative of a patient being at risk of having or developing coronary artery disease.

Abstract: A method of detecting cerebral stroke or asymptomatic cerebral infarction is disclosed. The method comprises measuring the contents of aldehyde compounds formed from polyamines, interleukin-6 and C-reactive proteins, the polyamine oxidase activity or the polyamine oxidase protein content in a biological sample obtained from a subject and using the measurement data thus obtained and the age of the subject as indications. Also disclosed is a kit for conducting this detection method; and a system for detecting cerebral stroke or asymptomatic cerebral infarction which comprises this kit.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a silica gel supporting a derivatizing agent for a carbonyl compound that hardly collects carbonyl compounds during production thereof, and a silica gel supporting a derivatizing agent for a carbonyl compound produced by said production method, in order to lower a blank value in measurement of carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns enzyme-based methods for detecting and assaying for glyoxylate. In particular, the invention is directed to methods for assaying for glyoxylate produced by the reaction of peptidylglycine ?-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The subject invention also concerns methods for assaying for the enzyme peptidylglycine ?-amidating monooxygenase. The detection of glyoxylate using the present invention is indicative of the presence of PAM. The subject invention also concerns methods for screening for peptide hormones and any N-acyl-glycine or N-aryl-glycine conjugated molecule.

Abstract: There is provided a method of diagnosing a disease state in a subject. The disease state is caused or effected by pneumococcal infection. The method includes obtaining a biological test sample from the subject. The biological sample includes at least one metabolite selected from the group consisting of citrate, trigonelline, acetylcarnitine, acetone, myo-inositol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and carnitine. A respective concentration of each one of the at least one metabolite is compared with a predetermined concentration value associated with a corresponding one of the at least one metabolite. The predetermined concentration value is indicative of the disease state. For example, the biological sample includes any one of citrate, trigonelline, acetylcamitine, acetone, myoinositol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and carnitine. As a further example, the biological samples include any combination of citrate, trigonelline, acetylcamitine, acetone, myo-inositol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and carnitine.

Abstract: The present teachings provide methods for analyzing one or more thyroxine compounds in one or more samples using isobaric labels and parent-daughter ion transition monitoring (PDITM). In various embodiments, the methods comprise the steps of: (a) labeling one or more thyroxine compounds with different isobaric tags from a set of isobaric tags, each isobaric tag comprising a reporter ion portion; (b) combining at least a portion of each of the isobarically labeled thyroxine compounds to produce a combined sample; (c) subjecting at least a portion of the combined sample to PDITM; (d) measuring the ion signal of one or more of the transmitted reporter ions; and (e) determining the concentration of one or more of the isobarically labeled thyroxine compounds based at least on a comparison of the measured ion signal of the corresponding reporter ion to one or more measured ion signals of a standard compound.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide for detecting and/or screening for conditions associated with altered sterols by dehvatization of sterols to provide suitable sensitivity and selectivity of detection using tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Such testing may be performed to detect and/or screen for conditions such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, or certain bile acid disorders.

Abstract: A method of detecting organic vapors is described. More particularly, the method involves the use of an analyte sensor that contains a polymeric material having a relatively large intrinsic porosity and that is capable of fluorescence in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The method further includes exposing the analyte sensor to an environment that may contain an organic vapor and monitoring the analyte sensor for a change in a fluorescence signal. Although the organic vapor itself typically does not fluoresce in the visible wavelength range, presence of an organic vapor can alter the fluorescence signal of the analyte sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel chemiluminescent compounds, to a method for synthesizing these compounds, to derivatives and conjugates comprising these compounds, to the use of these compounds or conjugates thereof in chemiluminescence based assays, especially in immunoassays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diagnostic method and to marker substances which enable manipulations in endogenic marking to be detected and thus prevented. According to the invention, a metabolizable substance is added to non-metabolizable marker substances, said metabolizable substance revealing a manipulation when detected in excreta.

Abstract: The present invention provides sensors and methods for determination of an analyte. The analytes may be determined by monitoring, for example, a change in an optical signal of an emissive material upon exposure to an analyte. In some embodiments, the analyte and the emissive material may interact via a chemical reaction, or other chemical, biochemical or biological interaction (e.g., recognition), to form a new emissive species. In some cases, the present invention may be used for the detection of analytes such as explosives (e.g., RDX, PETN). Methods of the present invention may be advantageous in that the high sensitivity of luminescence (e.g., fluorescence) spectroscopy can allow for the reliable detection of small changes in luminescence intensity.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a method of treating hydrocarbon compositions such as crude oils to reduce or prevent naphthenate soap problems in upstream and downstream processes. It also relates to compositions for this use, for example.

Abstract: The present invention consists in the design of an ELISA test, specific to determine through fecal feces, urine or plasma of birds, reptiles and mammals, the levels of concentration of the hormone testosterone as an indicator of masculine sex in these species for a better handling of the reproduction and the production of birds, reptiles and mammals. The procedure can be applied for practical purposes in any commercial operation that involves these species. With this method a greater efficiency and economic return is obtained, which reports improvement and greater benefits to the producers.

Abstract: In vitro analyte sensors and methods of analyte determination are provided. Embodiments include sensors that include a pair of electrodes to monitor filling of the sample chamber with sample.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, of the formulae wherein C* is each independently selected from the group consisting of 13C and 12C with the proviso that at least one C* is 13C, each hydrogen of the methylene group can independently be either hydrogen or deuterium, the methyl group includes either zero or three deuterium atoms, Q is from the group of sulfide, sulfinyl, and sulfone, Z is an aryl group from the group of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently from the group of hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a halogen, and an amino group from the group of NH2, NHR and NRR? where R and R? are each independently from the group of a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, and an alkoxy group, and the methyl group can include either zero or three deuterium atoms.

Abstract: Provided are a coloration agent for carbonyl sulfide which contains a metal oxide, and at least one metal component selected from among a cerium component, a silver component, a copper component, a nickel component, and an iron component, the metal component being supported on the metal oxide, or which contains at least one metal oxide selected from among a cerium oxide, a silver oxide, a copper oxide, a nickel oxide, and an iron oxide; carbonyl sulfide detection means including the coloration agent for carbonyl sulfide; and a fuel cell system including the detection means. The coloration agent for carbonyl sulfide has the ability to develop a color in the presence of carbonyl sulfide even at ambient temperature, exhibits excellent performance in detecting carbonyl sulfide contained in a hydrocarbon fuel, and enables the service life of a desulfurizing agent to be determined through visual observation.

Abstract: The present application describes a reagent system for detecting presence of aldehyde in a sample that includes (i) Component A, which includes bisulfite, pararosalinine, and hydrochloric acid; and (ii) Component B, which includes a solution of hydroxide, wherein the Component A has a pH of from about 1.4 to 1.6.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for analyzing reactions. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The donor chemical is capable of donating a chemical moiety to the acceptor chemical. The solution further includes at least one controller chemical that affects the reaction between the donor chemical and the acceptor chemical. The solution is then incubated so that a portion of the acceptor chemical reacts with the donor chemical to form an acceptor product. Unreacted donor chemical is separated from the acceptor product. The acceptor product or the donor chemical is then measured using X-ray fluorescence. Another aspect of the present invention includes a method for analyzing protein function. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The donor chemical is capable of donating a chemical moiety to the acceptor chemical.

Abstract: Provided are methods for ameliorating a symptom of a neuropsychiatric disorder in a subject.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting the sprouting of potato tubers are provided. The compositions comprise C3 to C14 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, and/or C3 to C7 primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols.

Abstract: Red blood cells from a vertebrate are treated to make them effective components of a hematology control, allowing the control to be used for detecting all blood cell components, including white blood cells and platelets. The treatment includes the use of a fixative under limited conditions of concentration and exposure time, and the resulting red blood cells are stable but lysable in a hematology instrument and have a reduced tendency to form particulates.

Abstract: Assays are preformed to determine nutrient deficiency levels in an individual to address the deficiencies and improve health and longevity. Nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products containing nanoencapsulated active ingredients are provided, in addition to dietary, exercise, sleep, and other lifestyle recommendations.

Abstract: Provided are a simple method for analyzing aldehydes and ketones in a sample, which does not require a complicated operation such as extraction with a solvent and concentration of the extract; and an analytical apparatus and a fiber-packed needle which are used in the analytical method. Also provided a fiber coated with hydrochloride or sulfate of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; a needle for microextraction in which the fibers are packed; the analytical apparatus including this needle and a suction device; the method for analyzing aldehydes and ketones in a sample, characterized by comprising sucking the sample through the needle in this analytical apparatus to allow the aldehydes and ketones in the sample to react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, thereby converting them to the corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones; desorbing the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones; and introducing the desorbed 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones into a chromatograph to analyze them.

Abstract: A method of measuring the extent of cure of a binder in a fibrous product is provided. The method comprises (a) providing a sample of a fibrous product, the fibrous product comprising fibers and a binder, (b) subjecting the sample to infrared spectroscopy to generate a spectral analysis, and (c) determining a binder cure ratio of the binder in the sample using the spectral analysis. The binder has carboxylic acid groups and alcohol groups that crosslink to form ester groups as the binder cures, and the binder cure ratio comprises a ratio between infrared absorption corresponding to a bond of the carboxylic acid groups in the binder and infrared absorption corresponding to a bond of the ester groups in the binder.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for detecting and/or assaying and/or capturing at least one aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde, including a step of contacting a gas stream with a material comprising a nonporous metal oxide sol-gel matrix, said matrix containing at least one probe molecule bearing at least one reactive function capable of reacting with at least one aldehyde function. The invention also concerns the material for implementing said method, a method for preparing same, and sensors incorporating such materials.

Abstract: A medical test kit includes a glucose testing composition, a protein testing composition, a bilirubin testing composition, a bilinogen testing composition, an amylase testing composition, a blood testing composition, a calcium testing composition, a nitrite testing composition, a ketone testing composition and a pH testing composition. The medical test kit also includes a plurality of corresponding indicative spectra to each of its units such that a health condition of a user can easily be interpreted. Furthermore, an interactive reference chart is provided for guiding a user for the use of the kit. The kit is suitable for use for the public and is capable of encouraging self health care of society.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining the presence or amount of testosterone in a test sample, comprising ionizing all or a portion of the testosterone present in the sample to produce one or more testosterone ions that are detectable in a mass spectrometer. All or a portion of the testosterone present in the sample is ionized to produce one or more testosterone ions, which may be isolated and fragmented to produce precursor ions. A separately detectable internal testosterone standard can be provided in the sample. In a preferred embodiment, the reference is 2,2,4,6,6-d5 testosterone.

Abstract: A method for measuring hypochlorite ion, which comprises the steps of: (A) reacting, with hypochlorite ion, a compound represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a 2-carboxyphenyl group which may be substituted; R2 represents a phenyl group which is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; X1 and X2 each independently represents either hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; or a salt thereof; and (B) measuring fluorescence of a dearylated compound generated in the aforementioned step (A) or a salt thereof.