Abstract: The invention describes reactive dyes having an alkyl spacer attached via a sulfonamide bond to a sulforhodamine 101 fluorophore, and a variety of useful conjugates prepared therefrom. The increased length of the covalent linkage due to the alkyl spacer results in dye-conjugates having a number of surprisingly advantageous properties relative to previous sulforhodamine 101-labeled conjugates, including enhanced solubility and increased fluorescence. The reactive dyes of the present invention are more stable than the known compound sulforhodamine 101 sulfonyl chloride. Novel reactive dyes are described for selective modification of groups other than amines, including thiols and photoreactive derivatives.

Abstract: A self-contained signal generating device and methods for using and making the same are provided. The device and methods may detect the presence of a number of different substances, such as proteins, and utilizes a target material binding dye, which may precipitate a target material as well as stain it, and/or undergo a detectable change, e.g., an absorption or emission frequency shift, on binding of the substance to be detected.

Abstract: The dyes of the present invention are useful for many purposes that include markers or tags for detecting the presence of a molecule or compound to which they are bound. The dyes may be either red-excitable or blue-excitable. The dyes of the invention are particularly well suited for staining of nucleic acids. For example, these dyes are particularly suitable for staining of RNA in reticulocytes. In another exemplary application, these dyes are suitable for staining DNA in nucleated red blood cells. Typically, when used in staining of nucleic acids, the dyes are formulated into reagent solutions. In addition, the invention provides compositions and methods for facilitating rapid transport of dye molecules through a cell membrane. Such rapid staining requires that a sample be contacted with a dye composition of the invention in the presence of at least one surfactant and optionally, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel methods for making a substrate for selective cell patterning, and the substrates themselves, wherein the method comprises contacting reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface of a substrate with a hydroxyl-reactive bifunctional molecule to form a monolayer, and using stencils to deposit cell repulsive or cell adhesive moieties in controlled locations on the cell culture substrate. Methods comprising selective differentiation of stem cells to create tissue specific and organ-specific cell substrates, as well as the cell substrates themselves are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorescent conjugate comprising a biological reagent, a fluorescent molecule, and a means for impeding phototoxic degradation of the biological reagent. The impeding means can be a cross-linking substance having a long molecular distance, whereby the cross-linking substance links the fluorescent molecule and the biological reagent; a quencher of singlet oxygen; a quencher of a free radical; or a combination thereof. Also disclosed is a solution comprising a fluorescent conjugate of a biological reagent and a fluorescent molecule together with an oxygen depleting system.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions, and apparatus for performing sensitive detection of analytes, such as biological macromolecules and other analytes, by labeling a probe molecule with an up-converting label. The up-converting label absorbs radiation from an illumination source and emits radiation at one or more higher frequencies, providing enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and the essential elimination of background sample autofluorescence. The methods, compositions, and apparatus are suitable for the sensitive detection of multiple analytes and for various clinical and environmental sampling techniques.

Abstract: An immunoassay for selectively measuring human C-peptide as well as a kit therefor is disclosed. In the method, human C-peptide contained in a sample, a first anti-human C-peptide antibody, and a second anti-human C-peptide antibody which is immobilized on a solid support are reacted to form an immune complex among these three components. The formed immune complex is separated from the non-reacted antibodies and sample; and then the separated immune complex is quantified. The first antibody recognizes an epitope existing in the region from 1st to 16th amino acid residue from the N-terminal of the human C-peptide, and the second antibody recognizes an epitope existing in the region from 1st to 16th amino acid residue from the N-terminal of human C-peptide; with the proviso that the first and second antibodies do not recognize the same epitope so that they can simultaneously bind to said human C-peptide.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, or a C1-6 alkoxyl group, R7 and R8 independently represent a C1-6 alkyl group or an aryl group which may be substituted, R9 and R10 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, or a C1-6 alkoxyl group, and R11 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkanoyl group, or salts thereof. The aforementioned compounds are substantially non-fluorescent and react with singlet oxygen under a physiological condition to give a fluorescent substance, and therefore they are useful as agents for measurement of singlet oxygen.

Abstract: Organic electroluminescent (OEL) devices are proposed herein to be fabricated either as a light source or a heating source for biochips. Under the proposed approach, an OEL-emitting member is fabricated as the substrate of the biochip on which the biological samples, such as DNA, proteins and other related small molecules, are processed for the desired applications, including but not limited to, analysis of biological molecules, such as electrophoretic separation, PCR amplification and hybridization.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for detection of panel reactive antibodies in serum of a subject against HLA class I antigens, which comprises the steps of adding serum from a subject to an array of microbeads, each microbead presenting HLA antigens from a cell population presenting the same HLA antigens; incubating the serum and microbeads for sufficient time for anti-HLA antibodies in the serum to bind to the HLA antigens presented on the microbeads; removing the serum components which do not specifically bind with the HLA antigens presented on the microbeads; incubating the microbeads with a labeled ligand capable of specifically binding with anti-HLA antibodies bound to said HLA antigens; removing the labeled ligand which is not bound to said HLA antigens; and detecting the presence of labeled ligand bound to said HLA antigens by flow cytometry.

Abstract: The present invention uses the principle that phosphomolybdate binds to hydrophobic surfaces to isolate the phosphomolybdate complex from other phosphate-containing molecules and further uses the SPA concept to bring a radiolabeled phosphomolybdate complex in close contact with a scintillant for measurement by scintillation counting. Generally, the present invention provides an assay for detecting and measuring the amount of orthophosphate (Pi) in an aqueous reaction mixture, wherein the amount of Pi released is separated from the reaction mixture by: adding a solution of molybdate to the reaction mixture to form a phosphomolybdate complex; and contacting the phosphomolybdate complex with a hydrophobic surface, wherein the surface is capable of being separated from the aqueous reaction mixture to allow measurement of the Pi. Particularly, this invention provides an assay for measuring the ATPase activity of enzymes, more particularly, the HPV E1 helicase.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorescent energy transfer dyes which are capable of moving between a more stacked configuration to exhibit fluorescent quenching and a more spaced configuration to exhibit fluorescence can be conjugated to a peptide epitope for use in the detection of an unknown antibody in bulk solution. The resulting labeled peptide reagent can be used in an immunoassay procedure by placing it in bulk solution along with the unknown antibody to be detected. When the antibody binds to the peptide epitope, the pair of dyes carried by the peptide epitope will have their configuration altered from a stacked to an unstacked configuration and will exhibit a fluorescent increase in response thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides low molecular weight fluorescent labeling complexes with large wavelength shifts between absorption of one dye in the complex and emission from another dye in the complex. These complexes can be used, for example, for multiparameter fluorescence cell analysis using a single excitation wavelength. The low molecular weight of the complex permits materials labeled with the complex to penetrate cell structures for use as probes. The labeling complexes are synthesized by covalently attaching through linkers at least one cyanine fluorochrome to another low molecular weight fluorochrome to form energy donor-acceptor complexes. Resonance energy transfer from an excited donor to fluorescent acceptor provides wavelength shifts up to 300 nm. The fluorescent labeling complexes preferably contain reactive groups for the labeling of functional groups on target compounds, such as derivatized oxy and deoxy polynucleic acids, antibodies, enzymes, proteins and other materials.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for barbiturates, to the various components needed for preparing and carrying out such an assay, and to methods of making these components. Specifically, tracers, immunogens and antibodies are disclosed, as well as methods for preparing them and a reagent kit containing them. The tracers and the immunogens are made from substituted barbiturate compounds. A fluorescein moiety is included in the tracer, while a poly(amino acid) forms a part of the immunogen. The assay is conducted by measuring the degree of polarization retention of plane—polarized light that has been passed through a sample containing antiserum and tracer.

Abstract: A method for quantitatively and/or qualitatively assaying an analyte in a sample, wherein the analyte is a receptor binding compound, has low detection limits equivalent to those of radioreceptor assays. The method comprises the steps of a) contacting the sample with material comprising a receptor for the analyte in order for receptor-analyte binding to occur and b) further contacting the sample with a detectable ligand for the receptor in order for receptor-ligand binding to occur, followed by c) separating the resulting receptor bound and free fractions, d) subjecting the receptor bound fraction to dissociating conditions releasing the ligand from the receptor and e) assaying for the dissociated ligand in a manner known per se for the detection of the detectable ligand.

Abstract: An antiserum containing an antibody, which when combined with an immunogen having a nonfluorescent dye, confers fluorescent ability to the dye. In particular, an antiserum which confers fluorescent ability on a conjugate of an immunogenic substance and Malachite Green.

Abstract: The invention concerns the stabilization and amplification of electrochemiluminescence signals in detection methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel competitive or non-competitive immunoassay comprising the steps of immobilizing an assay specific component on a solid phase in a reaction well, adding a labelled assay specific component, drying said components, adding the sample containing the marker to be analyzed, allowing the marker to react with the assay specific components, and detecting the signal from the label. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device useful in carrying out the novel assay.

Abstract: A process and a kit are provided for detecting differences in two or more samples of protein, including proteins bearing post-translational modifications and peptides. Proteins are prepared, for example, from each of a different group of cell samples or body fluid samples to be compared. Each protein extract is labeled with a different one of a luminescent dye from a matched set of dyes. The matched dyes have generally the same ionic and pH characteristics but emit light at different wavelengths to exhibit a different color upon luminescence detection. The labeled protein extracts are mixed together and separated together by electrophoresis or a chromatographic method. The separation is observed to detect proteins unique to one sample or present in a greater ratio in one sample than in the other. Those unique or excess proteins will fluoresce the color of one of the dyes used. Proteins common to each sample migrate together and fluoresce the same.

Abstract: Improved methods, reagents, and kits for quantitation of HLA-DR and/or CD11b expression on peripheral blood cells are presented. Inclusion of a lysosomotropic amine, such as chloroquine, during staining stabilizes HLA-DR and CD11b expression. Use of a novel anti-CD14 conjugate, anti-CD14-PerCP/CY5.5, permits the ready discrimination of monocytes. The improved methods, reagents, and kits may be used to assess immune competence, and to direct and monitor immunostimulatory therapies in septic patients exhibiting monocyte deactivation.

Abstract: In a process for the quantitative optical analysis of fluorescently labelled biological cells 5, a cell layer on a transparent support at the bottom 2 of a reaction vessel 1 is in contact with a solution 3 containing the fluorescent dye 4. The sensitivity of analytical detection can be considerably improved if to the fluorescent dye 4 already present in addition a masking dye 9, which absorbs the excitation light 6 for the fluorescent dye 4 and/or its emission light 7, is added to the solution 3 and/or if a separating layer 10 permeable to the solution and absorbing and/or reflecting the excitation light 6 or the emission light 7 is applied to the cell layer at the bottom 2. The separating layer 10 must be composed such that it has a high power of reflection for the luminescent light 11.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, methods, screens, reagents and kits for optical system analysis of cells to rapidly determine the distribution, environment, or activity of fluorescently labeled reporter molecules in cells for the purpose of screening large numbers of compounds for those that specifically affect particular biological functions.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions, and apparatus for performing sensitive detection of analytes, such as biological macromolecules and other analytes, by labeling a probe molecule with an up-converting label. The up-converting label absorbs radiation from an illumination source and emits radiation at one or more higher frequencies, providing enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and the essential elimination of background sample autofluorescence. The methods, compositions, and apparatus are suitable for the sensitive detection of multiple analytes and for various clinical and environmental sampling techniques.

Abstract: The quenching compounds of the invention are nitrogen-substituted xanthenes that are substituted by one or more aromatic or heteroaromatic quenching moieties. The quenching compounds of the invention exhibit little or no observable fluorescence and efficiently quench a broad spectrum of luminescent compounds. The chemically reactive quenching compounds possess utility for labeling a wide variety of substances, including biomolecules. These labeled substances are highly useful for a variety of energy-transfer assays and applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel chemiluminescent reagent producing chemiluminescence in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, extent of which depends on peroxidase concentration, chemiluminescent analysis method using the same, in particular useful for detection and quantitative analysis of various types of materials by measuring peroxidase enzyme activity or enzyme immunoassay with peroxidase enzyme as the marker. More particularly, the present invention provides a chemiluminescent reagent containing, as the major ingredients, a charge-transferring complex of N,N′-disubstituted-9,9′-bisacridinium salt and N,N-disubstituted carboxylic amide compound; chemiluminescent reagent containing further containing a specific aminoalcohol compound, in addition to the above; and method for measuring peroxidase activity at a high sensitivity in the presence of a peroxide, using the above chemiluminescent reagent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and reagent kits for the quantitative in vitro determination of the functional determination of multi-drug resistance in cells, as well as for the clinical screening of potential modulators of multi-drug resistant transport activity in cells. The method of the invention is based on the measurement of the accumulation rate of free calcein within the cells of the specimen (advantageously by fluorescence measurement), after exposing the cells in vitro to a cell permeable form of calcein that is a good substrate for MDR proteins present in the sample. The cell permeable form of calcein is converted within the cell by intracellular enzymes to free calcein. Comparison of free calcein accumulation in the presence and absence of a potential inhibitor of transport activity permits the rapid screening of such inhibitors.

Abstract: Ligand-aminodextran-(phycobiliprotein or tandem dye) conjugates useful for detection of a desired target biological material by providing an enhanced fluorescent signal are described. Also described is a method for a single-measurement quantification of multiple populations of cells based upon the labeling of different pairs of cell populations, each pair containing mutually exclusive cell receptors which are expressed at substantially similar receptor densities with labeled ligands for each receptor. One cell population is labeled with a ligand capable of binding to a first cell surface receptor which ligand is directly conjugated to a fluorescent phycobiliprotein or tandem dye; and a second cell population is labeled with a ligand capable of binding to a second cell surface receptor, which ligand is cross-linked to an aminodextran to a fluorescent phycobiliprotein or tandem dye.

Abstract: Methods for substantially improved detection and analysis in nucleic acid hybridization assays are described. The methods provide the reliable estimation of background signal which derives primarily from nonspecific hybridization. The invention is useful in chemical, biological, medical and diagnostic techniques, as well as for drug discovery.

Abstract: A method is provided for the separation of nucleic acid samples. The method includes: providing a test mixture of a plurality of nucleic acid samples, wherein each sample is labeled with a spectrally detectable tag; applying the test mixture to a reversed phase solid support; eluting the mixture under partially denaturing conditions; and detecting spectrally resolved signals produced by the nucleic acid samples labeled with the detectable tags.

Abstract: A biosensor, sensor array, sensing method and sensing apparatus are provided in which individual cells or randomly mixed populations of cells, having unique response characteristics to chemical and biological materials, are deployed in a plurality of discrete sites on a substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the discrete sites comprise microwells formed at the distal end of individual fibers within a fiber optic array. The biosensor array utilizes an optically interrogatable encoding scheme for determining the identity and location of each cell type in the array and provides for simultaneous measurements of large numbers of individual cell responses to target analytes. The sensing method utilizes the unique ability of cell populations to respond to biologically significant compounds in a characteristic and detectable manner.

Abstract: Improved methods, reagents, and kits for quantitation of HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood cells, particularly peripheral blood monocytes, are presented. Inclusion of a lysosomotropic amine, such as chloroquine, during staining stabilizes HLA-DR expression, and use of a novel anti-CD14 conjugate, anti-CD14-PerCP/CY5.5, permits the ready discrimination of monocytes. The improved methods, reagents, and kits may be used to assess immune competence, and to direct and monitor immunostimulatory therapies in septic patients exhibiting monocyte deactivation.

Abstract: The inventors herein disclose new heterobifunctional chromophores that are capable of coupling with two distinct moieties. One moiety may be either a signal-enhancing agent or a blocking agent. The second moiety may be one member of a specific binding pair. The invention is based in part on the surprising result that when a chromophore is used as a “cross-linker” between a signal-enhancing agent and a member of a binding pair (essentially being buried between the two), the signal of the chromophore is not quenched. This arrangement, wherein the chromophore acts simultaneously as a cross-linker and a detectable compound, provides significant advantages over previously known compounds since the chromophore is sterically hindered from interacting non-specifically with substances present in the test systems. Moreover, the chromophore can be used as a cross-linker with little or no loss of detectable signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel, water-soluble, red-emitting fluorescent rhodamine dyes and red-emitting fluorescent energy-transfer dye pairs, as well as labeled conjugates comprising the same and methods for their use. The dyes, energy-transfer dye pairs and labeled conjugates are useful in a variety of aqueous-based applications, particularly in assays involving staining of cells, protein binding, and/or analysis of nucleic acids, such as hybridization assays and nucleic acid sequencing.

Abstract: A dye compound having the formula I: wherein, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; R1 is H, alkyl, or an alkoxy group; R2 is CH2(CH2)mOH, wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; X is O, S, or C(CH3)2; R is CH3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH2OH, alkyl, alkylsulfonate, or hydroxyalkyl and B− is a counteranion. Red- and blue-excitable dyes based on the above chemical structure are described, and reagents containing them are described for use in staining nucleic acid, more particularly for staining reticulocytes. Also described are methods for detecting reticulocytes using such compositions.

Abstract: Minimally invasive methods for measuring an analyte, such as glucose, contained in tile interstitial fluid of a body are provided. The methods include the steps of. (a) providing at least one sensor particle capable of generating a detectable analyte signal in responding to the analyte concentration of the body, (b) placing the sensor particle into the skin of the body for allowing the sensor particle to be in contact with the interstitial fluid of the body to generate the detectable analyte signal, (c) detecting the generated analyte signal, and (d) determining the concentration of the analyte contained in the interstitial fluid. The sensor particles may be made to be responsive to an analyte such as glucose concentration contained in a body fluid by including a photo-induced electron transfer receptor specific for the analyte in the sensor particle.

Abstract: A method and compositions for the detection and/or quantification of an analyte through the use of a plurality of labeled probes, with two or more said probes targeted to different regions of said analyte. In specific embodiments, the labels are separately distinguishable, and/or are present at different specific activities on the labels.

Abstract: A biphase immunoassay method is provided in which a water immiscible liquid is qualitatively or quantitatively measured by mixing a sample of the water immiscible liquid with an aqueous solution containing a specific binding partner of the analyte. Binding occurs at or across the interface between the respective liquids and the degree of association of the analyte with its binding partner is dependent upon the concentration ratio rather than absolute quantities. The degree of association may be determined and used to determine the presence and/or concentration of analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A homogeneous biospecific assay method for an analyte in solution or in a biological suspension, in which a biospecific reagent competitively binding an analyte and a ligand labeled with a fluorescent molecule, is reacted with and bound to a solid phase, and in which the free labeled ligand is extracted is excited with two-photon excitation by focusing a laser beam suitable for two-photon excitation into the sample volume; and the concentration of the analyte is calculated based on the photon emission contributed by the free labeled ligand.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed comprising (a) a metal chelate wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of europium, terbium, dysprosium, samarium osmium and ruthenium in at least a hexacoordinated state and (b) a compound having a double bond substituted with two aryl groups, an oxygen atom and an atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen wherein one of the aryl groups is electron donating with respect to the other. Such composition is preferably incorporated in a latex particulate material. Methods and kits are also disclosed for determining an analyte in a medium suspected of containing the analyte. The methods and kits employ as one component a composition as described above.

Abstract: A sensor for the optical determination by fluorescence of carbon dioxide in liquid and gaseous media, which consist essentially of a carrier and a light-sensitive layer applied thereto. In addition to a polymer as a base substance and an anionic fluorescence dye, the light-sensitive layer also contains a quaternary onium phenolate.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for labeling nucleotides. The method of the invention for labeling nucleotides comprises the steps of: reacting a reactive moiety of a linker, which linker is a platinum compound having a stabilizing bridge and two reactive moieties, with an electron donating moiety of a spacer, which spacer comprises a chain having at least four atoms and at least one heteroatom in the chain, which spacer further comprises said electron donating moiety at one end of the chain and a reactive moiety at the other end of the chain; reacting the reactive moiety of said spacer with a label; reacting the other reactive moiety of said linker with a nucleotide. A major advantage of the invention is that all nucleotides can be labeled by the method of the invention, whereas until now the attachment of a label was mostly restricted to one or certain nucleotides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of tyramide coating live cells for flow cytometry, using catalyzed reporter deposition and serial amplification staining. A catalyzed reporter deposition or an analyte dependent enzyme activation system is described for detecting and/or quantitating an analyte of interest on the surface of a cell by flow cytometry. Also described is a method for serial amplification staining by tyramide coating cells which possess an analyte of interest or a solid phase to which an analyte is bound.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method which can simultaneously analyze a plurality of analytes and can realize the determination of the base sequence of a large quantity of gene information in a short time, and an apparatus for the method. The method comprises the steps of: preparing four samples, for each of a plurality of nucleic acid analytes, containing analyte nucleic acid-derived oligonucleotide fragments with the end bases having been base-specifically fragmented; labeling the oligonucleotide fragments with a different label for each of the analyte nucleic acids; and subjecting the four samples to an analytical method which can distinguish oligonucleotide fragments based on a difference in length of one base, thereby determining the base sequence of the target nucleic acids.

Abstract: Receptors are disclosed that are antibodies that exhibit a binding affinity for an immune complex of a monoepitopic antigen and an antibody for such antigen that is substantially greater than the binding affinity for the monoepitopic antigen or the antibody for the monoepitopic antigen apart from the immune complex. Normally, the monoepitopic antigen has a molecular weight less than 1500 and is an organic compound. The antibodies of the present invention find use in a method for determining a monoepitopic antigen in a sample suspected of containing such antigen. The method comprises forming an immune sandwich complex comprising the monoepitopic antigen or an analog thereof, a first monoclonal antibody that binds to the monoepitopic antigen, and a second monoclonal antibody that is an antibody of the present invention and detecting the immune sandwich complex.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dye-labeled protein conjugate in which a protein conjugate is labeled with a large number of dye molecules. In the dye-labeled protein conjugate, a protein conjugate that includes a protein and an antibody bound thereto via a disulfide bond is labeled with a cyanine dye represented by the formula (1) or the formula (2) given below: where R1 and R2 denote hydrogen or an alkyl group, X denotes a halogen, M denotes hydrogen or an alkali metal, and n represents an integer in a range of 1 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly sensitive dye-labeled and polymerized antibody that can detect a target substance even when the target substance has a low concentration. The dye-labeled and polymerized antibody of the present invention comprises a polymerized antibody, which has been polymerized with a polyfunctional reagent, and a cyanine dye for labeling the polymerized antibody represented by the formula (1) given below: where R1 and R2 denote hydrogen or an alkyl group, X denotes a halogen, M denotes hydrogen or an alkali metal, and n represents an integer in a range of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A high-sensitive indirect polymerized and labelled antibody is disclosed. The antibody facilitates detection of a low concentration of antigen as an analyte in a sample solution. The indirect polymerized and labelled antibody of the present invention is prepared by polymerizing an antibody using a multi-functional reagent, binding the polymerized antibody with a protein via a disulfide bond of the antibody to form a polymerized antibody conjugate, and labelling the conjugate with a cyanine dye represented by the following formula: where R1 and R2 represent hydrogen or an alkyl group, X represents a halogen, M represents hydrogen or an alkali metal, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly sensitive dye-labeled and polymerized antibody that can detect a target substance even when the target substance has a low concentration. The dye-labeled and polymerized antibody of the present invention comprises a polymerized antibody, which has been polymerized with a polyfunctional reagent, and a cyanine dye for labeling the polymerized antibody represented by the formula (1) or the formula (2) given below: where R1 and R2 denote hydrogen or an alkyl group, X denotes a halogen, M denotes hydrogen or an alkali metal, and n represents an integer in a range of 1 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dye-labeled protein conjugate in which a protein conjugate is labeled with a large number of dye molecules. In the dye-labeled protein conjugate, a protein conjugate that includes a protein and an antibody bound thereto via a disulfide bond is labeled with a cyanine dye represented by the formula (1) given below. where R1 and R2 denote hydrogen or an alkyl group, X denotes a halogen, M denotes hydrogen or an alkali metal, and n represents an integer in a rage of 1 to 4.

Abstract: Compounds, constructed in modular manner, of formula (I), wherein I is the monovalent residue of an ionophore, F is the monovalent residue of a fluorophore, G is a functional group, T is a trivalent organic radical and R01, R02 and R03 are each independently of the others a direct bond or a bridging group. The compounds may be used in immobilized form as active components in polymer membranes of optical sensors for the detection of ions. The sensors are distinguished by a long usable life and a high degree of sensitivity.