Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula I: wherein: R1 is a label (e.g., a detectable group and an anti-tumor agent); L is present or absent and when present is a linking group; and x represents an integer from 1 to 10; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds are useful for, among other things, identifying cysteine sulfenic acids in proteins and monitoring oxidative damage in proteins and cells. Adduct formation can be detected using analytical methods such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and fluorescence.

Abstract: Compound tags and shifting agents are provided that find use in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS), or a combination of IMS and MS, and which can substantially increase separation of multiple components in complex samples and facilitate quantitative and multiplexed analyses. In some cases, the compounds include a linker and a normalizing group, each including a structural unit and separated by a cleaveable group, and a crown ether. Also provided are methods for analyzing peptides in a sample. In some cases, the method includes coupling the compound to peptides which include a terminal guanidinium moiety capable of forming an intra-molecular complex with the crown ether.

Abstract: Colloidal formulation for staining proteins and methods of their use are provided.

Abstract: Featured are a new class of reporter genes including reporter compositions as well as methods, MRI systems and MRI imaging kits related thereto. The genes according to the present invention provide MR contrast when the sample/subject is irradiated at a specific off-resonance radio-frequency (RF frequency), where the contrast mechanism utilizes chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique for imaging.

Abstract: Provided are systems, apparatus, materials and methods for directly monitoring products and intermediates of solid phase chemical synthesis such as solid phase peptide synthesis.

Abstract: Methods for determining the presence or amount of a complex comprising a first and second molecular entity are provided, preferably an sFlt-1:PlGF complex. A determination of the presence or amount of the complex can be used in methods for predicting, detecting, monitoring a disease, or guiding therapy in respect to a disease such as vascular, vascular-related disease, cardiac, cardiac-related disease, cancer, cancer-related disease, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia-related disease. Determining sFlt-1:angiogenic factor complex is particularly useful for predicting and detecting preeclampsia in early stages of gestation and in stages of the disease where clinical evaluation may be uninformative.

Abstract: Methods and materials relate to degradable detergents. The degradable detergents have degradable linkages that are cleaved when subjected to elevated temperature and/or reduced pressure. The detergents are compatible with spectrometric analysis, such as mass spectrometry. The surfactant comprises at least one fluorinated alkyl moiety and at least one cleavable moiety, wherein the surfactant degrades into a plurality of volatile degradation products when injected into a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: The invention relates to variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and variants or fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), having one or more activities, such as bile acid homeostasis modulating activity, and methods for and uses in treatment of bile acid and other disorders.

Abstract: Novel Mn2+-doped quantum dots are provided. These Mn2+-doped quantum dots exhibit excellent temperature sensitivity in both organic solvents and water-based solutions. Methods of preparing the Mn2+-doped quantum dots are provided. The Mn2+-doped quantum dots may be prepared via a stepwise procedure using air-stable and inexpensive chemicals. The use of air-stable chemicals can significantly reduce the cost of synthesis, chemical storage, and the risk associated with handling flammable chemicals. Methods of temperature sensing using Mn2+-doped quantum dots are provided. The stepwise procedure provides the ability to tune the temperature-sensing properties to satisfy specific needs for temperature sensing applications. Water solubility may be achieved by passivating the Mn2+-doped quantum dots, allowing the Mn2+-doped quantum dots to probe the fluctuations of local temperature in biological environments.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that MHC heavy chain monomers immobilized to a solid surface are still capable of forming detectable conformational epitopes and being detected by conformation-dependent antibodies. Methods for detecting peptide binding to HLA monomers, and methods for measuring the relative degree of binding between two MHC-binding peptides as well as a method of measurement for the rate of dissociation of peptides from MHC complexes are provided. The present invention also provides systems and kits useful for conducting the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: Provided are methods for measuring the inherent stability of intrachain disulphide-containing domains (e.g., antibody variable domains) and for optimizing the positioning of intrachain disulphide-containing domains within a protein (e.g., a multispecific binding protein, e.g., a DVD-Ig). Also provided are methods of making multispecific binding proteins (e.g., DVD-Ig molecules) comprising two or more antibody variable domains in which the antibody variable domains are optimally positioned within the multispecific binding proteins to enhance stability of the multispecific binding protein. Multispecific binding proteins optimized using the methods disclosed herein are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for labeling, separating and analyzing proteins, particularly a specific protein of interest within a cell lysate or in a mixture of proteins. The proteins are labeled with an amine reactive or thiol reactive fluorescent dye, or an amine reactive fluorogenic reagent that becomes fluorescent upon reacting to amine groups located on the protein. Following the labeling step, the proteins within the mixture can be separated and analyzed. In a further embodiment, a tag binding fluorogenic reagent that can bind to a tag on a tagged protein is added to specifically label the protein of interest.

Abstract: Chromophore compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. Aspects of the chromophore compositions include a chromophore component having a chromophore, such as a fluorescent dye moiety, stably associated with a prosthetic group binding cavity of a metalloprotein. Also provided are methods of making, methods of use, systems and kits related to the subject fluorescent compositions.

Abstract: A method (100) for analyzing chemicals includes fractionating a complex sample into at least two sample portions that each includes potions of two polypeptides though in different concentration ratios, digesting and performing LC/MS on each of the sample portions (110, and associating precursor ions observed via LC/MS with their corresponding polypeptide in response to LC/MS provided intensity data (170). A set of precursor ions that has substantially similar intensity ratios in both sample portions is determined to be associated with the same polypeptide.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of molecular biology, more particularly, the present invention relates to nucleic acid sequences and amino acid sequences of a hamster C5aR1 and the use of hamster as an animal model for the characterization of complement system modulators within drug discovery.

Abstract: The present invention discloses thioflavine S and primuline derivatives which inhibit hepatitis C virus helicase and protease activity. Consequently, the compounds of the present invention interfere with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the aforementioned compounds and methods of treating an HCV infection.

Abstract: A method for identifying gambiered Guangdong silk includes the steps of: detecting the surface state of fiber by microscope; detecting the pyrolysis fragments of fabrics by pyrolysis gas chromatography; determining the crude protein content in the fiber by Kjeldahl determination; and detecting the dye component of the fabrics by high performance liquid chromatography. The method of the present invention can accurately identify the true and fake, good and bad of the gambiered Guangdong silk, and then make an accurate evaluation on the gambiered Guangdong silk; and the present invention is simple, useful, environmental and has low cost.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that STM/Hop promotes proliferation of human glioblastoma-derived cells but not of normal astrocytes and that the proliferation requires the binding of STM/Hop to PrPc. The invention is directed to methods for treating cancer which rely on interfering with the Hop-PrPc interaction and to peptides, and antibodies raised against the peptides, which directly provide that interference. The invention is further based on the discovery that STI1230-245 peptide and its human homologue Hop23o-245 provide the desired interference with the STI1/Hop-PrPc interaction and inhibit the STI 1/Hop-induced proliferation of glioma and glioblastoma cells. The invention is thus further directed to methods of treating cancer that employ these peptides and functional derivatives thereof, and antibodies directed to the peptides and derivatives. The invention is further directed to means of treating cancer which involve reducing the effective amount of Hop or reducing the expression of Hop.

Abstract: A system for processing a target material includes; a cartridge which stores a material which reacts with the target material, and may include at least one chamber and at least one valve connected to the at least one chamber, a first module which may be loaded with the at least one cartridge and may rotate, a second module which may selectively open or close the at least one valve, a third module which may selectively control the temperature of the at least one chamber, and a control module which may control the first module, the second module and the third module.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide methods, apparatuses, and systems for detecting, monitoring, measuring, and/or characterizing the activity of phosphoproteins, such as tyrosine kinases (TKs) and downstream proteins in TK signal transduction pathways (e.g., TK pathway proteins). In various embodiments, the methods, apparatuses, and systems may use nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QD), to detect and/or characterize the abnormally overactive TK signaling pathways that underlie tumorgenesis and tumor progression. In various embodiments, the QD-based methods, apparatuses, and systems may have a sufficiently high degree of sensitivity to enable the identification of new TK signaling pathway markers, for example for use in diagnosing, staging, monitoring, and/or prognosing cancers, or in evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapeutics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a probe that further promotes ionization in proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry, and a high-sensitive mass spectrometry method for a protein using such a probe. Further, the present invention provides an ionization-enhancing probe that can be used even for a protein that has a high degree of hydrophobicity and quickly turns over, and a high-sensitive mass spectrometry method for a protein using such a probe. A thiol probe for a protein, which is represented by the following formula (I): [Chemical Formula 1] wherein R1 represents a linker group, and R2 represents a substituted ammonium group or a substituted amino group. A mass spectrometry method for a protein, comprising the steps of: obtaining a modified protein by reacting the thiol probe with a protein to be subjected to mass spectrometry; and subjecting the modified protein to mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of pharmaceuticals and chemical industries. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for labeling, imaging and detecting the beta-amyloid (A?) peptides, oligomers, and fibrils in vitro by using carbazole-based fluorophores. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of reducing and preventing aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as of treating and/or preventing Alzheimer's disease by using carbazole-based fluorophores.

Abstract: An isotope labeled asymmetric cross-linker is provided for the detection of cross-linked peptides. A cross-linking and mass spectrometry strategy, referred to as isotope tagging of interacting proteins (iTIP), improves the specificity of detecting cross-linked peptides and accurate identification of the interacting peptide sequences via the incorporation of isotopic signatures that are readily observed in the MS/MS spectrum. Isotope tagged peptides can be identified using mass spectrometry based on doublet peaks in a spectrum. Spectra can be subjected to database search strategies available for the sequencing of linear or non-cross-linked peptides.

Abstract: A group of polypeptides that are modulated in a psoriatic sample as compared to a normal sample is provided. These polypeptides can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring treatment of psoriasis.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method of determining assembly, homogeneity and/or thermodynamic stability of biological macromolecular complexes. In particular, the method allows determining maximum stability of said complexes based on fluorescence changes at an appropriate wavelength as a function of temperature whereby said fluorescence changes reflect the status of assembly, homogeneity and/or thermodynamic stability of the biological macromolecular complexes. Said method is based on identifying two state and multistate unfolding fluorescence curves as a function of temperature by fitting said curves according to a multistate unfolding model. In addition, a computer program and a computer program storage medium as well as an apparatus and a system is provided for determining the assembly, homogeneity and/or thermodynamic stability of biological macromolecular complexes.

Abstract: The invention provides reagents, methods and kits for detection of proteins and quantitative determination of protein concentration. The reagents comprise a protein-complexing dye, such as a Coomassie dye and one or more dextrins, for the elimination of interference caused by detergents.

Abstract: A method for producing a bilayer of amphipathic molecules comprising providing a hydrated support and providing a hydrophilic body, and bringing the hydrated support and hydrophilic body into contact to form a bilayer of amphipathic molecules. A bilayer produced by the method of the invention, and uses of the bilayer.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is the use, in particular the cosmetic and/or therapeutic use, of the apolipoprotein D, of polypeptides derived from this protein or of analogues thereof, of a nucleic sequence encoding such a polypeptide or of an agent modulating the activity or of the expression of such a polypeptide, in particular for stimulating terminal epithelial differentiation. The invention also relates to the use of the protein apolipoprotein D, of polypeptides derived from this protein or of analogues thereof, or of a nucleic sequence encoding such a polypeptide as a marker for evaluating the state of the epidermis.

Abstract: Described herein are enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their methods of use and treatment, e.g., of Formula (I): wherein one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or the ring formed by the joining of R1 and R2, is a hydrophobic moiety which confers enhanced antagonist activity as compared to existing NMDA receptor antagonists, e.g., ifenprodil. Compounds described herein are designed based on the discovery that ifenprodil binds within the allosteric domain of the GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptor, particularly at the interface between GluN1 and GluN2B subunits. In silico methods are further described herein.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for analyzing proteins and other biological materials and xenobiotics within a sample. A specimen is generated, which may include an energy absorbent matrix. The specimen is struck with laser beams such that the specimen releases proteins. The atomic mass of the released proteins over a range of atomic masses is measured. An atomic mass window of interest within the range of atomic masses is analyzed to determine the spatial arrangement of specific proteins within the sample, and those specific proteins are identified as a function of the spatial arrangement. By analyzing the proteins, one may monitor and classify disease within a sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides dual labeled protein standards useful for the simultaneous determination of the molecular weight of a subject protein as well as the relative mass (i.e., amount) of the subject protein present in an electrophoresis lane. The invention is also directed to methods suitable for the preparation of such dual labeled protein standards and to methods of using such dual labeled proteins to simultaneously determine the molecular weight and the relative amount of a subject protein. Further embodiments are directed to the use dual labeled protein standards to make a more accurate determination of the amount of a protein present in an electrophoresis lane. Yet further embodiments are directed to kits containing the presently described dual protein standards. Dual labeled protein standards made and used in accordance with the embodiments set forth herein may be used to simultaneously determine the molecular weight and the relative amount of a subject protein in real time.

Abstract: Described herein are high-throughput methods of monitoring D-serine levels in plasma. The assay involves the use of strong cation solid phase extraction (SPE) to isolate D-serine from plasma, followed by quantitation of D-serine using the D-amino acid oxidase- (DAAO-) catalyzed reaction. Also described are methods of screening for compounds that act as DAAO inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention provides reagents, methods and kits for detection of proteins and quantitative determination of protein concentration. The reagents comprise a protein-complexing dye, such as a Coomassie dye and one or more dextrins, for the elimination of interference caused by detergents.

Abstract: Compositions and methods that allow for the rapid detection and accurate quantification of any polypeptides of interest are provided. Compositions include isolated polypeptides comprising at least one universal peptide tag, as well as isolated polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides. The universal peptide tags can be quantified by methods including, but not limited to, mass spectrometry, and can act as surrogates for determining the concentration of the polypeptides comprising the universal peptide tags. Methods provide for the detection and/or quantification of any polypeptides of interest that comprise at least one universal peptide tag, including methods using mass spectroscopy techniques. Methods are also provided for producing hosts, or cells or parts thereof, that comprise polypeptides comprising at least one universal peptide tag. Hosts, or cells, or parts thereof, include mammalian, bacterial, insect, yeast, viral or plant.

Abstract: A method for assessing the state of Alzheimer's disease in patients is disclosed. A method for monitoring the progression of Alzheimer's disease in patients is also disclosed. The method applies detection of specific peptide markers, e.g., using mass spectrometric analysis.

Abstract: A method of differentiating among the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ in the breast, benign fibroadenoma of the breast, and non-cancerous breast tissue in a subject is disclosed. The method involves measuring the concentration of at least one protein biomarker selected from a group of forty-nine differentially expressed proteins in the saliva of persons with DCIS, or benign fibroadenoma, or in persons who are cancer-free. The resulting test data is compared to a reference panel. From the comparison the presence in the subject of either ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, or benign fibroadenoma of the breast is determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods useful in the labeling and identification of changes in protein levels, changes in enzyme activity, and changes in protein modification. The invention provides for highly soluble optical labeling molecules which are optionally cleavable after separation of mixtures of labeled proteins into components. These optical labeling molecules find utility in a variety of applications, including use in the field of proteomics.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of generating conditionally active biologic proteins from wild type proteins, in particular therapeutic proteins, which are reversibly or irreversibly inactivated at the wild type normal physiological conditions. For example, evolved proteins are virtually inactive at body temperature, but are active at lower temperatures.

Abstract: The methods described herein enable the evaluation of compounds on subjects to assess their therapeutic efficacy or toxic effects. The target of analysis is the underlying biochemical process or processes (i.e., metabolic process) thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. Molecular flux rates within the one or more biochemical processes serve as biomarkers and are quantitated and compared with the molecular flux rates (i.e., biomarker) from control subjects (i.e., subjects not exposed to the compounds). Any change in the biomarker in the subject relative to the biomarker in the control subject provides the necessary information to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of an administered drug or a toxic effect and to develop the compound further if desired. In one aspect of the invention, stable isotope-labeled substrate molecules are administered to a subject and the label is incorporated into targeted molecules in a manner that reveals molecular flux rates through one or more metabolic pathways of interest.

Abstract: The invention concerns a particle having a code embedded in its physical structure by refractive index changes between different regions of the particle. In preferred embodiments, a thin film possesses porosity that varies in a manner to produce a code detectable in the reflectivity spectrum.

Abstract: A test strip with a sample chamber is secured to a meter. The sample chamber in the portion of the test strip that extends out of the meter is illuminated by transmitting light from a light source inside the meter internally through the test strip towards the sample chamber. By way of analogy, the test strip acts in a fashion similar to a fiber optic cable or optical wave guide by transmitting the light from the meter to the remotely located sample chamber that extends outside the meter. The user is then able to easily see the sample chamber of the test strip in dark conditions so that the user is able to readily align the sample chamber with the drop of fluid on the skin as well as view the sample chamber in order to ensure proper filling. The light also illuminates a test strip slot into which the test strip is inserted.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides isotopically substituted compounds of the formula (II): wherein T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, R0, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined in the detailed description. The method for detection and quantification using the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: A buffer kit includes a first eluent and second eluent. The first eluent solution includes at least four buffer salts where at least three of the four buffer salts are a monovalent buffer salt, have a net negative charge or a net neutral zwitterionic charge, and include a sulfonate group and an amine. The second eluent solution includes at least four buffer salts where at least three of the four buffer salts are a monovalent buffer salt, have a net negative charge or a net neutral zwitterionic charge, and include a sulfonate group and an amine. The first eluent solution has a first pH and the second eluent solution has a second pH where the first pH and second pH are different values. The buffer kit provides a linear pH gradient that forms an approximately straight line from at least the first pH to the second pH.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining the amount of reverse T3 in a sample using mass spectrometry. The methods generally involve ionizing reverse T3 in a sample and detecting and quantifying the amount of the ion to determine the amount of reverse T3 in the sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining the gender of a fetus by assaying the sex hormones, evaluating the overall reducing/oxidizing (redox) activity, and/or evaluating the radical scavenging capacity of the maternal urine or other body fluid. The method can be used to determine fetal gender at any time point during the entire pregnancy. The body fluid may be processed before assaying. Processing may involve aging the body fluid, or purification of various fractions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphodiesterase 4D7 (PDE4D7) for use as a marker for prostate cancer, and the use of PDE4D7 as a marker for diagnosing, detecting, monitoring or prognosticating prostate cancer or the progression of prostate cancer. The present invention also relates to a composition for diagnosing, detecting, monitoring or prognosticating prostate cancer or the progression of prostate cancer, a corresponding method and immunoassay, a method for diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating hormone-resistant prostate cancer vs.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for dissolving curcumin in aqueous solution at enhanced concentrations and with enhanced stability against precipitation and degradation, and provides solutions thereof; the invention further provides methods of use for them.

Abstract: Described are a compound of formula (II) or (III): The compounds are effective in the treatment of disease, including a tauopathy condition or a disease of tau protein aggregation.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns methods using a panel of proteins to detect, diagnose, and monitor therapy during treatment of ovarian cancer in a female patient. The proteins were identified using proteomics analyses of plasma samples obtained preoperatively from ovarian cancer patients versus those of healthy control women. Such a panel has utility for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, screening for ovarian cancer and possibly therapeutic monitoring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of pretreating a sample containing a glycated amine as an analyte, thereby enabling highly reliable measurement of a glycated amine. A glycated amino acid in the sample is degraded by causing a fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAOD) to act thereon, and thereafter, a FAOD further is caused to act on the glycated amine as the analyte in the sample to cause a redox reaction. The amount of the glycated amine is determined by measuring the redox reaction. The substrate specificity of the FAOD caused to act on the glycated amino acid may be either the same as or different from that of the FAOD caused to act on the glycated amine. When using the same FAOD, a FAOD is caused to act on the glycated amino acid to degrade it, and thereafter, the sample is treated with a protease to inactivate the FAOD and also to degrade the glycated amine.