Abstract: A quartz glass vessel having mutually opposed first and second neck-shaped portions is heated over the first neck-shaped portion while flushing the vessel with gas, then pinched over an external current wire and collapsed over a metal foil by means of reduced pressure to form a seal. The second neck-shaped portion may also be collapsed over a metal foil by reduced pressure in the lamp vessel to form a seal. The seals are preferably shaped to form flat external surfaces.

Abstract: A method of encapsulation for an organic EL device, which overcomes the difficulty of conventional methods by fully preventing the growth of dark spots in the organic EL device by providing an inert liquid layer having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1 ppm or less on the periphery of the organic EL device.

Abstract: The invention is directed to preventing occurrence of molybdenum foil breakage during a pinch sealing operation in a method of fabricating an arc tube having a pair of molybdenum foils pinch-sealed on both sides of a spherical portion of a glass tube by sequentially pinch-sealing the respective molybdenum foils. A first molybdenum foil is not pinch-sealed (first pinch seal) with an inert gas introduced into a glass tube as in a conventional embodiment, but is pinch-sealed with the internal pressure of the glass tube maintained at a vacuum of 0.5 torr or less. As a result, oxidation of the molybdenum foils causing breakage of the molybdenum foils during a pinch sealing operation is minimized. Hence, an arc tube having each of a pair of molybdenum foils made of molybdenum whose purity is 99.95% or more and with a thickness of 20 .mu.m or less can be fabricated.

Abstract: A method for evacuating and sealing a field emission display package and an improved field emission display package are provided. The field emission display package includes a face plate, a back plate and a peripheral seal formed between the face plate and back plate of a low melting point seal material such as indium or an alloy of indium. Within the sealed package components of a field emission display are mounted. These include a display screen formed on the face plate and a base plate flip chip mounted to the face plate. The peripheral seal is formed during a sealing and evacuating process performed in a reaction chamber at a reduced pressure. During the sealing and evacuating process the seal material is compressed. In addition, the sealing and evacuating process can be performed at approximately room temperature or alternately at temperature near the softening point of the seal material.

Abstract: The high pressure discharge lamp has a quartz glass lamp vessel having two opposite pinch seals. The pinch seals have major faces which are tapering from an end face towards the discharge space and have raised ridges along their axial edges. The height of the ridges diminishes towards the end faces. The lamp vessel can be obtained from a cylindrical tube by pinching without prior processing.

Abstract: A structure, such as a flat-panel device, is sealed together by a gap-jumping technique in which an edge (44S) of a wall (44) is positioned near a matching sealing area (40S) of a plate structure (40) such that a gap (48) at least partially separates the edge of the wall from the sealing area of the plate structure. The gap usually has an average height of 25 .mu.m or more. Energy is then transferred locally to material of the wall along the gap to cause material of the wall and the plate structure to bridge the gap and seal the plate structure to the wall. The energy-transferring step is typically performed with light energy provided by a laser (56). Local energy transfer can also be utilized to tack the plate structure to the wall at multiple spaced-apart locations (44A) along the wall. The tacking operation is typically performed as a preliminary step to sealing the plate structure to the wall.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a field emission display and the resulting display device are disclosed. The method includes the steps of arranging a sealing layer between a face plate and a substrate, heating the sealing layer until the substrate layer adheres to the face plate, and then pulling the face plate away from the substrate so that the vacuum is improved. The sealing layer may be constructed from glass and heated with a heating coil made from Ni-chrome wire. The elements can be positioned using industrial robots using common manufacturing techniques.

Abstract: A ceramic discharge vessel (8) for a high-pressure discharge lamp has a pin-like feedthrough (10) inserted in a plug (11) made from a composite material. The feedthrough (10) has been sintered directly into the plug (11) and is additionally sealed by covering the area, surrounding the feedthrough, of the plug's surface facing away from the discharge volume with a ceramic sealing material (7a).

Abstract: According to two aspects of the invention, a FED and a process for making a FED are provided which effectuate more accurate and efficient sealing between a faceplate and a backplate assembly, with more accurate and efficient sealing between the faceplate and cathode member. The FED is made according to a process including: aligning the faceplate and the cathode member; disposing an adhesive between the faceplate and the cathode member; pressing the faceplate and the cathode member together; disposing a frit seal between the faceplate and the backplate assembly; and heating the frit seal to a temperature sufficient to cause the frit to seal.

Abstract: A hybrid tubeless process has been developed for creating a high vacuum spool-shaped glass frits plug to be used for low cost, high throughput manufacturing of flat panel display devices. This is accomplished by using a 3-port exhaust tube which allows high vacuum sealing of the FED with minimum contamination hence protects the device from early failure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal halide lamp is disclosed. According to the method, an internal lead wire of an arc tube can be electrically connected to an external lead wire for applying current thereto by sealing a surrounding case thereby omitting a process of welding a metal lamina affixed to the external lead wire to the internal lead wire of the arc tube. Thus, productivity can be enhanced and it is easy to handle and preserve components for manufacturing the metal halide lamp.

Abstract: A low pressure gas discharge lamp has a low profile which includes at least one glass plate with a tube envelope channel having a cover plate covering the evacuation tube which is substantially flush with the plate.

Abstract: Improved methods of exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tube envelopes for high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein which includes providing a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm then operatively connecting the glass tubulation to the x-ray tube envelope, providing a disk inside the glass tubulation, the disk having a smaller diameter than the glass tubulation, providing a vacuum to the glass tubulation; positioning heating means on the outside of the glass tubulation, heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature temperatures inside the x-ray tube envelope of about 1500.degree. C., positioning the disk inside the glass tubulation proximate the position of the heating means on the outside of the glass tubulation, heating the glass tubulation proximate the disk to about 1300.degree. C.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having glass envelopes for a high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein. The methods include providing a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm, then operatively connecting the glass tubulation to the x-ray tube glass envelope, providing a glass sealing cup inside the glass tubulation, the glass sealing cup having a smaller diameter than the glass tubulation, providing a vacuum to the glass tubulation, positioning a heater on the outside of the glass tubulation, heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature inside the x-ray tube glass envelope of about 1500.degree. C., positioning the glass sealing cup inside the glass tubulation proximate the position of the heating means on the outside of the glass tubulation, heating the glass tubulation proximate the glass sealing cup to about 1300.degree. C.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having glass envelopes for high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein. The systems and methods include using a metal tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm operatively connected to a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm which is in turn connected to a glass x-ray tube envelope; positioning a metal disk inside the metal tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than at least one portion of the metal tubulation, and connecting a vacuum pump to the metal portion of the tubulation; positioning heating means on the outside of the metal portion of the tubulation, heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature inside the x-ray tube envelope to about 1500.degree. C.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having glass envelopes for high performance x-ray system having a rotating anode therein. The system and methods include providing a glass tubulation having a diameter greater than about 20 mm; then operatively connecting the glass tubulation to the x-ray tube glass envelope; providing a metal disk inside the glass tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than the glass tubulation, providing a vacuum to the glass tubulation; heating the anode of the x-ray tube to a temperature inside the x-ray tube envelope of about 1500.degree. C.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having metal envelopes for high performance x-ray systems having a rotating anode therein. The methods and systems for sealing a metal tubulation, having a diameter greater than about 20 mm and operatively connected to the x-ray tube metal envelope, to a metal disk positioned inside the metal tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than at least one portion of the metal tubulation include providing a vacuum connection to the metal tubulation and a heater positioned on the outside of the metal tubulation; heating the anode of the x-ray tube to temperatures inside the x-ray tube metal envelope of about 1500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for evacuating and sealing a field emission display package is provided. The method includes forming a cover plate, a backplate, and a peripheral seal therebetween. The backplate is formed as a sub-assembly which includes a seal ring and a getter material. The seal ring includes compressible protrusions for initially separating the cover plate from the seal ring to provide evacuation openings. During a sealing and evacuation process the packages are placed in the reaction chamber of a furnace. The pressure in the reaction chamber is then reduced and the temperature is increased in a staged sequence. During the evacuating and sealing process the evacuation openings formed by the compressible protrusions provide a flow path for evacuation. As the sealing and evacuation process continues, the compressible protrusions and seal ring flow and commingle to form the peripheral seal. At the same time the getter material is activated and pumps contaminants from the sealed spaced formed within the package.

Abstract: A method of evacuating and sealing a cathode ray tube, CRT, using softened glass frit to seal the exhaust hole through which the CRT is evacuated. A three way branch tube allows a shaft driven by a linear motion means to cover the exhaust hole with a sealing plug or plate and softened vitreous glass frit while the CRT is being evacuated. In one embodiment a getter is also used. Since the CRT is being evacuated when the vitreous glass frit is softened any gases evolved from the softened glass frit are removed by the vacuum pump and are not a problem to the sealed CRT.

Abstract: A vacuum-tight seal, particularly for an arc tube or discharge vessel for a metal halide or sodium high-pressure discharge lamp, is made by forming the arc tube of transparent ceramic, typically Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, having two open ends, into which connecting plugs (3), with central openings, are sealed. Open metal tubes (4) fitting into the openings of the plugs (3) are then vacuum-tightly sintered therein. An electrode system (5, 10, 10'), forming a subassembly with a current supply lead or lead-through (6, 11, 14, 15, 20, 24) is provided, having an outer diameter fitting into the metal tube.

Abstract: A flat vacuum without pumping stem, for the manufacturing of display screens, comprises two plates made of glass, a sealing peripheral joint interrupted so as to provide an aperture for evacuation of the gases during manufacturing, a thin-film metallic pad disposed on each inner surface of the glass plates at the level of the aperture, and a sealing element made of metal having a low melting point disposed so as to contact the metallic pads.

Abstract: A planar fluorescent lamp lamp includes a first transparent cover bonded atop a metal body with a serpentine channel therein. The lamp body is coated with an insulative coating and the glass solder bead bonds the cover to the lamp at its perimeter and along the ridges defining the serpentine channel. An alternative embodiment of the lamp includes a second transparent cover bonded above the first transparent cover enabling the fluorescent material to be contained in a second enclosure, isolated from the source of light energy. A second alternative embodiment conceals the electrodes of the lamp beneath the lamp body and provides plasma slots to allow the concealed electrodes to energize the lamp. Another alternative embodiment utilizes a conductive transparent coating on the lamp cover to allow the lamp cover to supplement the lamp body as a cold cathode.

Abstract: In the manufacture of arc tubes for use as light sources of vehicle headlamps, there is first prepared a semifinished arc tube by inserting one electrode assembly into a tubular glass envelope through one end thereof and by sealing this end. The semifinished arc tube is then placed in communication with a hermetically enclosed space filled with argon under pressure, with the consequent introduction of the inert gas into the glass envelope through a second end thereof. Another electrode assembly and chemicals such as a metal halide and mercury are then introduced from the enclosed space into the semifinished arc tube through the second end, totally without contact with the atmospheric air. Then, with the glass envelope placed out of communication with the enclosed space, the argon is exhausted from within the envelope, and xenon is charged instead into the envelope through the second end, which is closed subsequently.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprising an envelope formed of a plurality of members, an electron source arranged within the envelope and an image forming member for forming images by irradiation of electron beams from the electron source is manufactured by heating the plurality of members to bond them together to produce the envelope in an atmosphere containing at least a gas selected from reducing gases, inert gases and non-reducing and non-oxidizing gases or in a vacuum. The electron source comprises preferably an electron-emitting element having a thin film for electron emission arranged between a pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic dische vessel is distinguished in that first both ends (6a, 6b) are equipped with electrode systems and sealed off, but a filling bore (15) remains in the vicinity of the pump end (6a) and is not closed until after the filling.

Abstract: A beam tube having a hole or "window" covered by a thin, beam permeable membrane is provided with a polymeric ring for minimizing stress concentration in the membrane adjacent the periphery of the hole to relieve stress concentrations that would otherwise occur when the membrane is forced inwardly into the hole by atmospheric or other pressure on the exterior of the tube. The exterior surface of the housing for the beam tube contains means for retaining the polymeric ring in a predetermined location on the exterior surface. The retaining means which retain the polymeric material away from the hole may comprise an annular channel formed in the exterior surface of the front wall, an annular raised inner ridge formed on the exterior surface, an annular raised outer ridge also formed on the exterior surface to define an annular track between the outer and inner ridges, or a ring of flow preventing material on the exterior surface of the housing.

Abstract: A method of manufacture for a lamp involves making up, separate from an envelope, a sub-assembly comprising a lead structure and a vitreous body that surrounds it. In one form of this method, particles of vitreous material are pressed into a mold cavity that surrounds the lead structure, thus forming a compact surrounding the lead structure. This compact is sintered in an inert atmosphere, thereby forming the sub-assembly. Thereafter, the sub-assembly is placed in an opening in the envelope, and a hermetic seal is made between the envelope and the vitreous body in the interface region between the envelope and the vitreous body.

Abstract: A desired environment is entrapped inside a hollow workpiece by placing a meltable filler adjacent a plurality of capillaries in the wall of the workpiece. The workpiece is then placed in the desired controlled environment (e.g. a vacuum). The workpiece is then heated to melt the filler material which then through capillary action flows into and closes all of the capillaries thereby entrapping the controlled environment within the workpiece.

Abstract: A dewar assembly is cleaned, baked out, assembled, and joined in a single vacuum system without exposing the components to ambient atmosphere. The vacuum system preferably has a first chamber with multiple subchambers that can be isolated from each other, and a second chamber that can be isolated from the first chamber. The multiple chambers and subchambers prevent cross contamination during the various process steps, and also permit multiple dewar assemblies to be batch processed at different stages simultaneously. The components of the dewar assembly are loaded into one subchamber and cleaned, and thereafter moved to another subchamber for bakeout. The dewar getter is heated in the second chamber and moved to one of the subchambers for assembly. The components of the dewar assembly are assembled and joined.

Abstract: The temperature in the sealed region of an electric lamp with a foil seal arrangement rises when the lamp is illuminated and the foil will oxidize due to the oxygen contained in the air if inappropriately protected. The oxidation leads to premature cracking in the foil, which renders further use of the lamp impossible. To prevent the foil from cracking due to oxidation and to permit the manufacture of a lamp with a long life, the foil is covered with lead oxide. For coating the foil with lead oxide, use is made of an aqueous solution of a lead compound, which decomposes on heating and produces lead oxide.

Abstract: A method for making an ultraviolet radiation starting source is described which includes providing a tube with an opening, inserting a molybdenum ribbon and a wire lead into the opening, and forming a seal near the opening. The ribbon and wire are provided in a continuous stream from a set of spools, and are cut after the seal is formed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a filamented capsule from a tubular blank, and a mold used in such fabrication, is provided wherein a first filament is sealed in a first press seal in one end of the blank, and a preform designed to facilitate insertion and positioning of a second filament is formed in an opposite end of the blank, in a single pressing and blowing step.

Abstract: An enclosure defined between two panel members is filled with a discharge gas. One of the panel members carries a sealing material surrounding the enclosure and has an evacuating and gas-filling port, while the other panel member carries a port blocking member formed in an appropriate positional relation to the port. The whole is heated, so that the sealing material may soften and join the panel members to each other along the edges thereof and form a gas-tight seal therebetween, while the blocking member also softens to close the port. The softened blocking member stays within the enclosure and the port. Nothing projects from either of the panel members at any angle thereto. A strong plasma display panel having only a minimum thickness as required can, therefore, be realized. If the joining of the panel members and the closing of the port are simultaneously carried out, the panel can be made quickly and at a low cost. The closing of the port can alternatively be done after the joining of the panel members.

Abstract: An arc tube for a high pressure metal vapor discharge lamp is provided. The arc tube of the present invention comprises a tubular ceramic envelope; a chemical fill within said envelope; a seal button at each end of said envelope; said seal button having an aperture therethrough for receiving a feedthrough member; a feedthrough member having an electrode projecting therefrom passing through said seal button aperture and being oriented such that the electrode projects into said tubular ceramic envelope, said feedthrough member being sealed into said seal button by means of a fritless seal between said seal button and said feedthrough; and sealing frit material sealing said seal buttons into the ends of said tubular ceramic envelope. A method for fabricating the above-described arc tube and high pressure metal vapor discharge lamp including the above-described arc tube is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp and a lamp produced by such method are disclosed. An inert gas is injected to the interior of the lamp through an injection tube to displace substantially all of another gas and to remove the said another gas from the interior of the lamp. The lamp is sealed by press sealing the base of the lamp to trap the inert gas in the interior of the lamp.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from an arc tube includes introducing an inert gas into the arc tube through a conduit extending through the lamp tubulation and exhausting the gas through the space between the conduit and the wall of the lamp tubulation. Contaminated gas thereby always flows away from the arc tube. The arc tube can be heated during the gas flushing process to release adsorbed water and vaporize volatile oxides. Gas is preferably flushed through the lamps tubulation during and after press sealing of electrodes into the arc tube to remove contaminants introduced during press sealing.

Abstract: A double-ended, double-sided pinch seal discharge lamp has pinch seals at posite ends of a discharge vessel, in which the broad side surfaces of the pinch seal, retaining a molybdenum foil (8) is formed with lateral constrictions or indentations (16) located at the transition zone between the pinch seal and the bulbous or discharge vessel portion (3). Preferably, excess glass material from the side surfaces or ribs (14) formed on the side surfaces of the pinch or press seal is squeezed, in the transition zone, towards the bulb or central region (3) during the pinch sealing process to form reinforcement ribs (17), thereby strengthening the transition zone between the pinch seal (5) and the bulb portion (3) of the lamp.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an arc discharge capsule from a tubular blank, and a mold used in such fabrication, is provided wherein a first electode is sealed in a first press seal in one end of the blank, and a preform designed to facilitate insertion and positioning of a second electrode is formed in an opposite end of the blank, in a single pressing and blowing step.

Abstract: A flashlamp provides a ruggedized yet simple-to-manufacture construction capable of operating at high average output power over a long life. The flashlamp construction includes a glass tube (12) with an electrode assembly (24) detachably secured to each end. The electrode assembly includes an end cap (26) to which an electrode support (28) is attached, with a first end (32) of the electrode support protruding inside of the glass tube, and a second end (44) of the electrode support protruding outside of the glass tube. The electrode support (28) is made from a suitable electrical conductor. An electrode (34) is threaded onto the first end of the electrode support (28) without the use of brazing or other attachment techniques that might introduce impurities. An electrode lug (36) is attached to or near the second end of the electrode support, outside of the glass tube, and provides a means for making electrical contact with the electrode (34).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing gas lasers, such as He-Ne lasers or Ar lasers characterized by positioning the laser housing within a vacuum chamber, evacuating the vacuum chamber to evacuate the laser housing through a filling tube provided in the housing, baking the housing, then filling the vacuum chamber with the laser gas, which enters into the laser housing through the filling tube, subsequently forming a solder closure in the end of the sealing tube, the removing the laser housing from the vacuum chamber and subsequently permanently sealing the filling tube by pinching off the solder closure to form a cold-weld seal of the tube.

Abstract: To make a small high-pressure discharge lamp, for example of 50 W rating or less, and suitable, for example, for automotive applications, a quartz glass tube is heated, formed with constrictions, and a gas passed therebetween to expand the portion of the tube between the constrictions into olive shape to form the discharge vessel (6). A preformed first electrode system is introduced through one of the constrictions. The electrode system preferably has a zig-zag lead (9) slightly larger than the internal diameter of the tube to provide for self-centering. The tube is then isolated from atmosphere, for example by being placed in a glove box or coupled to a pumping head (15), for introduction therein of a fill substance, for example in pellet form, of a metal halide and, if desired, mercury; and a fill gas, such as argon or, preferably, xenon, preferably after cleaning and flushing the tube.

Abstract: Flush and pump flush processes yielding light sources for incandescent and metal vapor discharge lamps are disclosed. The flush and pump flush processes also yield lamps that are particularly suitable for deposition of a reflective coating on its outer surface. For such reflective coated light sources, the associated lamp leads are encased in glass and therefore are protected against any deleterious reactions that may otherwise result from the deposition of the reflective coating process. The light source yielded by the flush and pump flush processes of the present invention are advantageous in reducing the mounting arrangement of the lamps in which the light sources are housed.

Abstract: A high-pressure metal vapor discharge lamp, for example and specifically a etal halide vapor discharge lamp, has a discharge vessel, in which electrodes are fitted from both ends, in form of an elongated ceramic hollow body, in which, in accordance with the invention, the ceramic is translucent, high-purity aluminum nitride (AIN). The end portions are closed off by closing electrodes in form of either solid pins or rods, from which electrode elements carried on shafts (13) extend, or a hollow tube (19) fitted into the end portion of the aluminum nitride discharge vessel and pinched and soldered shut. The solid or tubular closing elements can be inserted into a pre-sintered discharge vessel, preferably under inert atmospheric conditions, in a meticulously clean environment. For translucidness, the high-purity aluminum nitride should have less than 0.05% of metal cations, which may cause coloring or discoloration, less than 0.01% iron as two or three valent ions, and less than 0.

Abstract: A compact arc discharge lamp may be formed with an inner lamp capsule and an outer envelope. One or more of the leads to the inner capsule may be sheathed to insulate the lead from improper arc over. The sheath may passed through the seal of the outer envelope, so the gas state of the intermediate volume may be adjust before final sealing.

Abstract: A thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) display panel and method of fabricating a TFEL display are disclosed. The present invention relates to a TFEL display panel shielded by a pair of glass substrates with a protective material disposed therebetween wherein a metal washer is permanently bonded over the substrate oil fill orifices(s) and interfaces the cover glass. This metal washer is prepared in advance by pretinning with a solder to ease reflow after backfill process is complete. This solder provides the seal medium to close the backfill orifice. One of the advantages of using a soldered hole seal according to the present invention is that oil contamination becomes minimized. The backfill hole sealing is accomplished quickly in dry atmosphere without the presence of adhesives of flammable solvents.

Abstract: To make a lamp of quartz or hard glass which has a bulb (10, 22) which does ot have an exhaust tip, for example a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp or a halogen incandescent lamp, the glass bulb is formed by blow-molding the bulb to the desired shape, then retaining an electrode system having electrodes (14, 14a) to be placed in the bulb, current supply leads (12, 24) extending externally of the bulb, and sealing foils (13, 23) connecting the current supply leads to the electrodes in a holder die (11, 25), introducing the electrodes by moving the holder die towards the bulb, flushing the bulb by introducing and selectively removing flushing gas through an open end of the tube, introducing a measured quantity of a fill substance, such as mercury, an iodide or the like, into the bulb through the open end thereof, and then heating the bulb in the region of the position of the sealing foils and pinch-sealing the bulb. Excess glass is then cut off and the bulb can be supplied with a base.

Abstract: A thermal device, such as a glow discharge starter, includes an hermetically sealed envelope containing an ionizable medium, a bimetallic electrode having a bimetallic element associated therewith, and a counter electrode. A mount sealed in the envelope includes a glass stem having a disk-shaped portion extending substantially across the envelope and a longitudinally-extending planar portion. The transverse portion of the mount assists in centering the electrodes within the envelope and preventing the bimetallic element from oxidizing during the manufacturing process when the mount is sealed to the envelope. Preferably, the transverse portion is disk-shaped having a radius within the range of from about 89 to 93 percent of the internal radius of the envelope. The defined thickness of the planar portion of the glass stem allows rapid transfer of heat during sealing so that the planar portion can effectively be sealed to the envelope without developing seal cracks.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp which has a tube extending through the pinch seal of the glass envelope both for evacuating the same and for subsequently introducing a halogen gas therein. An envelope blank has its open end portion heated prior to pinch sealing, with a filament mount assembly inserted therein but with the gas exhaust/supply tube not inserted to preclude the possibility of its clogging. Only after the open end portion of the envelope blank has been heated to a viscid state is the gas exhaust/supply tube inserted therein. The envelope blank is pinch sealed immediately thereafter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved arc tube assembly for a high intensity metal halide lamp. The invention provides improved sealing structure for the electrode assembly using a foil to glass seal.

Abstract: A gas laser tube is fitted with internal mirrors only and no windows. The laser tube is processed by heating the tube with the ends open in a vacuum oven to drive out contaminating substances. The mirrors are installed by cold welding after the tube has been decontaminated and filled with a fresh supply of its operating gas. The mirrors mount on flexible bellows which enable the mirrors to be easily aligned.