Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a channel state information transmission method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method includes: sending, by a terminal device, a first reference signal through a first antenna port set, where the first antenna port set includes n antenna ports; receiving, by the terminal device, a second reference signal through a second antenna port set, where the second antenna port set includes N antenna ports, and the first antenna port set is a proper subset of the second.

Abstract: More than one set of sounding signal configuration parameters are determined for the same mobile terminal. The mobile terminal uses the sets of configuration parameters to generate different sounding reference signals which can be used for different purposes such as estimating timing and channel quality. In one embodiment, a method of configuring uplink sounding transmissions by mobile terminals in a wireless communication network is characterized by determining different sets of configuration parameters for sounding signal transmissions for a given mobile terminal. The different sets of configuration parameters are transmitted to the mobile terminal, allowing the mobile terminal to generate different sounding signals for different uses by the wireless communication network.

Abstract: A wireless communication method and system, and a device: A first network device determines m first signals, a first spatial resource corresponding to each first signal, and a resource set to which each first spatial resource belongs, and sends a first signal on each corresponding first spatial resource; a second network device determines a response signal according to at least one received first signal, a first spatial resource corresponding to a first signal, and a resource set to which each first spatial resource belongs, and sends the response signal to the first network device; and the first network device sends a second signal to the second network device on k second spatial resources according to the received response signal. The embodiments of the present invention are used for wireless communication.

Abstract: Technology for a desktop signal booster is disclosed. The desktop signal booster can include a cellular signal amplifier, an integrated device antenna coupled to the cellular signal amplifier, an integrated node antenna coupled to the cellular signal amplifier, and wireless charging circuitry. The cellular signal amplifier can be configured to amplify signals for a wireless device, and the wireless device can be within a selected distance from the desktop signal booster. The integrated device antenna can be configured to transmit signals from the cellular signal amplifier to the wireless device. The integrated node antenna can be configured to transmit signals from the cellular signal amplifier to a base station. The wireless charging circuitry can be configured to wirelessly charge the wireless device when the wireless device is placed in proximity to the desktop signal booster.

Abstract: Disclosed in an embodiment of the invention are a method and device for transmitting a signal. The method comprises: a first device determining, according to a base parameter set and/or an operating frequency band used to transmit signals, the number of wave beams used to transmit the signals, or determining a number of the transmitted signals N, where N is a positive integer; and the first device transmitting, according to the number of wave beams or the number of the transmitted signals N, the signals with a second device. The method and device of the embodiment of the invention can flexibly determine, according to a transmission characteristic between a terminal device and a network, the number of wave beams used to transmit signals, or determine the number of the transmitted signals, thereby obtaining better beamforming gain.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes accessing steady-state operational parameters for each of a plurality of network nodes of the multi-hop wireless network recorded during a period of steady-state operation, identifying a plurality of first network nodes and a plurality of second network nodes, wherein each of the first network nodes is determined to need a planned reset, and wherein each of the second network nodes previously established one or more wireless connections with one or more of the first network nodes, respectively, adjusting operational settings of each of the second network nodes to establish one or more temporary wireless connections between one or more pairs of second networks nodes, respectively, resetting each of the first network nodes, adjusting operational settings of each of the second network nodes based on the steady-state operational parameters to reestablish the one or more previously established wireless connections with the first network nodes.

Abstract: Beamforming for adapting wireless signaling beams in an adaptive and agile manner is contemplated. The beamforming may be characterized by adaptively constructing beam form parameters to provide wireless signaling in a manner that maximizes efficiency and bandwidth according to device positioning relative to a responding base station.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for wirelessly communicating between a host device and a client device in a radio frequency (RF) environment. In one embodiment, a wireless communication method for a host device in a RF environment may comprise: communicating wirelessly between the host device and a client device by way of a first RF channel; continuously scanning available RF channels of the RF environment; and in response to a first RF channel signal quality decreasing below a threshold signal quality, selecting one of the available RF channels having a signal quality greater than the threshold signal quality, and switching wireless communication between the client device and the host device from the first RF channel to the selected available RF channel. In this way, reducing interference with the RF environment while lowering a risk of disrupting the wireless communication between the host device and the client device can be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for a device to perform a measurement in a wireless communication system. According to the present invention, it may be provided the method and apparatus including receiving, from a base station, a request message requesting capability information of the device; transmitting, to the base station, a response message including the capability information; receiving first configuration information for a measurement configuration for two or more radio units included in the device based on the capability information, and the radio unit represents a unit available to perform transmission and reception of a signal and a measurement of signal strength individually; measuring a serving cell and neighboring cells through the plurality of radio units; and transmitting, to the base station, a reporting message including measurement information measuring the serving cell and the neighboring cells.

Abstract: Embodiments can provide a downlink-beam detection method and an apparatus. Under the method a terminal device can be notified by a network device of information about a broadcast beam. The network device can receive a detection result reported by the terminal device. The detection result may pertain to broadcast beam detection performed based on the information about the broadcast beam. the network device can then determine, based on the detection result, a downlink beam that needs to be swept during downlink-beam adjustment and that is used for data communication. This reduces signaling overheads.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to resource configuration methods and apparatus. A user equipment (UE) generates receiving beam quantity indication information indicating a maximum quantity of receiving beams that is supported by the UE, and sends the receiving beam quantity indication information to a network device. The maximum quantity of receiving beams is used for a configuration of a beam management reference signal resource for the UE. The UE receives the configuration of a beam management reference signal resource for the UE from the network device.

Abstract: An antenna pattern control system includes a wireless access point, a memory and a processor. The wireless access point includes a plurality of adjustable antennas. Different operative arrangements of the adjustable antennas correspond to a plurality of antenna pattern combinations. The memory stores a plurality of real-time indicators recorded when the adjustable antennas are operating according to these antenna pattern permutations. The processor selects candidate pattern permutations from the antenna pattern permutations according to a cluster distribution of one of the real-time indicators located in a coordinate system. The processor also selects a target pattern permutation from the candidate pattern permutations according to a cluster distribution of at least two of the other real-time indicators. The processor outputs the target pattern permutation to the wireless access point in order to control the adjustable antennas of the wireless access point according to the selected target pattern permutation.

Abstract: Infrastructure equipment for use with a wireless telecommunications system, the infrastructure equipment operable to transmit a first radio signal to a terminal device located within one of a plurality of predetermined geographical regions, wherein the value of one or more predetermined parameters indicative of the one of the plurality of predetermined geographical regions within which the terminal device is located is determinable by the terminal device on the basis of the first radio signal, each of the plurality of predetermined geographical regions being associated with a different respective value of the one or more predetermined parameters which is indicative of that predetermined geographical region.

Abstract: Provided are M signal processors that respectively generate modulated signals for M reception apparatuses (where M is an integer equal to 2 or greater), a multiplexing signal processor, and N antenna sections (where N is an integer equal to 1 or greater). When transmitting multiple streams, each of the M signal processors generates two mapped signals, generates first and second precoded signals by precoding the two mapped signals, periodically changes the phase of signal points in the IQ plane with respect to the second precoded signal, outputs the phase-changed signal, and outputs the first precoded signal and the phase-changed second precoded signal as two modulated signals. When transmitting a single stream, each of the M signal processor outputs a single modulated signal. The multiplexing signal processor multiplexes the modulated signals output from the M signal processors, and generates N multiplexed signals. The N antenna sections respectively transmit the N multiplexed signals.

Abstract: A method for transmitting, by a terminal, an SRS in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, control information including SRS resource pool information for tracking a transmission beam of the terminal; and transmitting the SRS to the base station on the basis of the control information, wherein the SRS is an SRS used for tracking the transmission beam of the terminal.

Abstract: An optical transmission device includes: a controlled oscillator for outputting a calibration signal having an output frequency that corresponds to an input oscillation control signal; an electrical-to-optical conversion circuit for generating an optical transmission signal by superimposing a transmission signal in a radio frequency band and the calibration signal on an optical wave; an optical input and output unit for sending the optical transmission signal to an optical transmission path and receiving a reflection signal that is a part of the optical transmission signal from an optical reception device; an optical-to-electrical converter for converting the reflection signal into a radio frequency signal; a phase locked loop for generating the oscillation control signal so that radio frequency output of the optical-to-electrical converter is phase-locked with a reference signal input from a reference signal source; and a signal generation circuit for generating, as the transmission signal, the radio frequen

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for transmitting/receiving a data signal between a base station and a terminal, and an apparatus supporting the same. More particularly, the present invention provides a method for reliably transmitting/receiving a data signal between a terminal and a base station when the data signal transmission/reception between the terminal and the base station is performed according to an analog beamforming method, and apparatuses supporting the same.

Abstract: Methods, wireless devices and base stations for determining multi-beam channel state information, CSI are provided. According to one aspect, embodiments include a method of determining multi-beam channel state information, CSI. The method includes generating a first CSI report associated with a first beam; and generating a second CSI report associated with a second beam, the second CSI report including at least a co-phasing coefficient between the first and second beams.

Abstract: A 3D MIMO based radio transmission method, comprising: establishing a communication connection between a base station pre-configured with an active antenna array and a user equipment terminal, and establishing a 3D MIMO channel model; when some active antennas in the active antenna array have failed, automatically reconfiguring the active antenna array to realise redundancy; and generating a 3D pre-coded matrix through the 3D MIMO channel model, so as to form a beam forming vector having a high resolution in two dimensions and obtain a multi-user multiplexing gain.

Abstract: A device that comprises a plurality of distributed transceivers, a central processor and a network management engine may be configured to function as relay device, relaying an input data stream from a source device to at least one other device. The relaying may include configuring one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers to particular mode of relay operation and receiving the input data stream from the source device via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers. The relaying may also include transmitting at least one relay data stream corresponding to the input data stream to the at least one other device, via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers.

Abstract: A multi-radio access technology (RAT) circuit is provided. The multi-RAT circuit includes a radio frequency (RF) circuit(s) coupled to an interconnect medium(s). The RF circuit(s) includes a power head circuit configured to receive a local oscillation (LO) pilot and an RF signal via the interconnect medium(s). The power head circuit generates an LO signal based on the LO pilot without requiring a synthesizer. Accordingly, the power head circuit modulates the RF signal to a carrier band based on the LO signal for transmission in a millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. By generating the LO signal and modulating the RF signal to the carrier band in the power head circuit, it may be possible to minimize attenuation and/or interference to the RF signal. Further, it may also be possible to share the interconnect medium(s) with existing RATs, thus helping to reduce size, power, and cost impacts associated with supporting an mmWave RAT.

Abstract: This invention presents methods for MU-MIMO wireless communication systems comprising a BS with plural of antennas, either closely located or distributed; A plural of AFRs deployed over a coverage area, each AFR has NBF?1 BF antennas with a beam pattern facing the MU-BFer and NUF?1 UF antennas with a beam pattern facing UEs or downstream AFR(s); A channel estimation module for estimating the Total Channels between a plural of UEs and the BS with the AFRs in place; and, A MU-BFer that uses the estimates of the Total Channels to perform beamforming computations for transmitting and/or receiving multiple spatially multiplexed streams of signals to or from a plural of UEs using the same frequency resource.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for selecting a beam in a wireless communication system which uses a plurality of antennas such as an array antenna.

Abstract: A device that comprises a plurality of distributed transceivers, a central processor and a network management engine may be configured to function as relay device, relaying an input data stream from a source device to at least one other device. The relaying may include configuring one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers to particular mode of relay operation and receiving the input data stream from the source device via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers. The relaying may also include transmitting at least one relay data stream corresponding to the input data stream to the at least one other device, via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers.

Abstract: In a wireless communication terminal in a wireless communication system for performing a control not to transmit signals, or to transmit signals with a reduction in a transmission power by a part of radio resources for a downlink signal in a cell provided by a base station, the terminal receives control information in generating a report related to a measurement result of the cell provided by the base station, monitors a state of a radio link with an own cell, and performs measurement on reception of the downlink signal. If an instruction for restricting the measurement to a part of the radio resources is included in the control information from the base station after the radio link failure occurs, the terminal generates and transmits a radio link failure report including the measurement result in the radio resources as instructed when the radio link failure occurs.

Abstract: A base station includes a processing unit, a plurality of radio frequency units, a plurality of antenna units, a control unit and an adjustment unit. The processing unit generates a baseband signal and provides a control strategy. The radio frequency units receive the baseband signal to generate a plurality of radio frequency signals. The antenna units transmit a plurality of output signals. The control unit receives the control strategy and generates a plurality of control signals according to the control strategy. The adjustment unit receives the radio frequency signals and the control signals, switches the connection of RF paths with high-gain or low-gain between the radio frequency units and the antenna units and adjusts gains of the radio frequency signals according to the control signals, so as to generate the output signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a CSI acquisition method. A network side device indicates a CSI feedback configuration group for aperiodic CSI feedback to a UE, and transmits DCI to the UE, the DCI configured to indicate the UE to perform the aperiodic feedback in accordance with an optimum CSI feedback configuration in the CSI feedback configuration group.

Abstract: A system that incorporates aspects of the subject disclosure may perform operations including, for example, obtaining uplink information associated with a downlink path, wherein the uplink information includes operational parameters used by a plurality of communication devices for transmitting wireless signals on a plurality of uplink paths, performing, based on the uplink information, a plurality of measurements of the plurality of uplink paths via a plurality of fiber optic cables from a plurality of remote radio units, wherein the plurality of uplink paths conform to a common public radio interface (CPRI) protocol, identifying a measurement from the plurality of measurements that is below a threshold, thereby indicating an affected uplink path of the plurality of uplink paths, and initiating a corrective action to improve a measurement of the affected uplink path based on the identifying. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method in a base station for precoding a downlink transmission are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises obtaining, for a time instant k, an estimate of a channel matrix for a wireless channel for a downlink from the base station to a wireless device and projecting the estimate of the channel matrix onto one or more sets of spatial orthonormal functions, thereby obtaining respective sets of coefficients. The method further comprises, for each set of spatial orthonormal functions, filtering the set of coefficients for the time instant k based on a filtering parameter that is specific to a downlink channel to be transmitted. The method further comprises generating beamforming weights using the filtered set of coefficients for at least one of the sets of spatial orthonormal functions, and precoding the downlink channel using the beamforming weights.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to for RRM measurement in the new radio (NR) access system. In one novel aspect, multiple transmission (TX) beams are measured by a user equipment (UE) with multiple receiving (RX) beams, stores the measured TX-RX pair in a measurement matrix, and calculates a consolidation measurement for each cell based on a consolidation rule. In one embodiment, the consolidation rule indicates generating a RX consolidated vector by consolidating all RX beams with the same TX beam ID, and subsequently, generating the consolidation measurement for the cell based on the RX consolidated vector. In another embodiment, the measurement matrix is layer-3 filtered and consolidated. In yet another embodiment, the UE sends a measurement report, either contains the consolidated measurement or the measurement vector, to the NR network based on the consolidation measurement. In one embodiment, the network performs consolidation on the received measurement vector.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a first omnidirectional antenna for coupling to a first radio to establish a first macro cell and a second omnidirectional antenna for coupling to a second radio to establish a second macro cell. The first and second omnidirectional antennas are configured for concurrent 5 GHz radio operation while maintaining at least 40 dB of isolation between the first and second omnidirectional antennas. An antenna system and network device are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Generating an environment information map from a wireless communication system having directional communication capabilities. A plurality of features are extracted and logged resultant from a communication link attempt at multiple beam directions and training at least one machine learning model based on the plurality of extracted features from the first beam direction and the at least one additional beam directions to infer an environment information map of the area between the first transmitter and the receiver.

Abstract: Coordinated wireless communications using multiple transmission time intervals (TTIs) are described. Multiple TTIs may include a first TTI and a second TTI, the second TTI having a shorter duration than the first TTI. One or more parameters may be determined for communications using the first TTI and the second TTI. A first parameter of the determined parameters for the second TTI may be associated or linked with a corresponding parameter of the first TTI, and communications using the first TTI or the second TTI may be performed using the first parameter. Wireless network nodes using the first TTI may form a CoMP cooperating set, and wireless network nodes using the second TTI may for another CoMP cooperating set, and the first parameter may be applied to each of the CoMP cooperating sets.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a first wireless communication node comprising a first communication module that includes a first baseband unit configured to handle baseband processing for the first communication module, a first RF unit configured to define a frequency range of radio signals for the first communication module, and a first antenna unit configured to generate a first extremely-narrow beam that facilitates exchange of radio signals with at least one other wireless communication node. The first wireless communication node may also comprise a second communication module that includes a second baseband unit configured to handle baseband processing for the second communication module, a second RF unit configured to define a frequency range of radio signals for the second communication module, and a second antenna unit configured to generate a second extremely-narrow beam that facilitates exchange of radio signals with at least one other wireless communication node.

Abstract: A device that comprises a plurality of distributed transceivers, a central processor and a network management engine may be configured to function as relay device, relaying an input data stream from a source device to at least one other device. The relaying may include configuring one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers to particular mode of relay operation and receiving the input data stream from the source device via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers. The relaying may also include transmitting at least one relay data stream corresponding to the input data stream to the at least one other device, via at least one of the configured one or more of the plurality of distributed transceivers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a new type of fully-connected, hybrid beamforming transceiver architecture. The transceiver described herein is bi-directional and can be configured as a transmit beamformer or a receive beamformer. A method and apparatus are described that allows the beamformer to operate in “carrier aggregated” mode, where communication channels in multiple disparate frequency bands can be simultaneously accessed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, circuits, devices, systems and associated computer executable code for operating a wireless communication network. According to embodiments of the present invention, one or more network appliances functioning within a Radio Access Network (RAN), at or near an access point, of an exemplary network may identify within a multiplexed downstream communication line leading towards a wireless access point a packet stream addressed to a destination mobile communication device communicatively coupled to the access point and located within a sector or portion of a coverage area of the access point. The same or another appliance may correlate an identifier of the packet stream destination device with an estimated device location within the coverage area along with an associated coverage area sector.

Abstract: In an example, a radio module includes a first antenna port connected to a first transceiver, a second antenna port connected to a second transceiver, a third antenna port connected to a third transceiver, and a fourth antenna port connected to a fourth transceiver. The first antenna port and the second antenna port include a first switch type radio frequency connector and a second switch type radio frequency connector, respectively. The third antenna port and the fourth antenna port include a first receptacle type radio frequency connector and a second receptacle type radio frequency connector, respectively. A processor is connected to the first transceiver, the second transceiver, the third transceiver, and the fourth transceiver.

Abstract: A network management apparatus, a method and an apparatus in a wireless communication system. The network management apparatus includes: a network area dividing unit, configured to divide the coverage area of network signals into multiple sub-areas according to the transmission characteristics of a network node; a network node locating unit, configured to determine the sub-area in which the network node locates in the coverage area of network signals according to the geographical location information of the network node; and a wireless network resource management unit, configured to construct wireless network resource management information according to the sub-area in which the network node locates. According to embodiments, rapid dynamic network programming and reasonable wireless network resource allocation can be realized.

Abstract: Linearizing Power Amplifiers' Outputs in Multi-Antenna System There is provided power efficient and simple structure for linearizing power amplifiers' outputs in multi-antenna beamforming systems. Beamforming factors are obtained for controlling transmission beams of the antennas in an analogue/hybrid beamforming system. At least one power amplifier model is determined on the basis of the power amplifiers' outputs and the beamforming factors. Predistortion parameters, for feeding a predistorted signal to power amplifiers for linearizing the power amplifiers' outputs, are determined such that after the operating parameters of the power amplifiers have been adjusted, errors in power amplifiers' outputs are reduced.

Abstract: Aspects herein relate to biocompatible polyisobutylene-fiber composite materials and related methods. In one aspect a biocompatible composite material is included. The biocompatible composite material can include a network of fibers comprising one or more polymers to form a substrate and a continuous, interpenetrating polyisobutylene matrix that is non-porous and completely surrounds the electrospun fibers. Other aspects are included herein.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system for generating electromagnetic signals that resonate in a cavity having a plurality of reflectors resulting in resonating electromagnetic signals and combining the resonating electromagnetic signals to form an electromagnetic wave that traverses a reflector and couples onto a physical transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A base station (BS) in a wireless communication system is provided. The BS comprises a processor configured to determine frequency units within a frequency range for a bandwidth of an operating carrier, wherein a listen-before-talk (LBT) operation is performed over each of the frequency units; and determine, for each of the frequency units, a set of intended spatial transmit (TX) parameters and a set of spatial receiver (RX) parameters of the LBT operation; and determine a subset of the frequency units for a downlink transmission based on the LBT operation performed over each of the frequency units; and a transceiver operably connected to processor, which is configured to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), downlink channels using the bandwidth corresponding to the determined subset of the frequency units.

Abstract: A system includes a transceiver configured to receive frequency dependent channel estimates or beamforming feedback in a multi-carrier, multi-antenna communication system, and a multi-layer perceptron feed forward neural network component, coupled with the transceiver, configured to estimate parameters of multipath reflections using representations of the channel estimates or beamforming feedback, and to generate transmission correction factors for the transceiver.

Abstract: A tower-mounted networking device facilitates deploying a remote station without having to build a custom station aside a radio tower. The networking device's chassis comprises a mounting bracket, which includes a curved contour for mounting the networking device on the radio tower. Also, the chassis can be resistant to weather intrusion, by not including a vent, to allow the networking device to be installed outdoors. The networking device can include a first power port coupled to an external connection line from a source external to the tower, such that the external connection line provides at least power to the networking device. The networking device can use the power to power a set of antenna mounted on the radio tower. The networking device can also relay a network connection between a pair of antennas, and/or between an antenna and a network connection to an Internet service provider.

Abstract: A method for a terminal receiving signaling for a phase feedback can comprise the steps of: receiving, from a base station, control information including first information indicating whether the terminal must perform the phase feedback for a plurality of beams; and determining whether to perform the phase feedback on the basis of the control information.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a power transmitter, a receiver and control circuitry. The power transmitter is configured to transmit power to a first electronic apparatus by an electromagnetic waves. The receiver is configured to receive a communication signal wirelessly from a second electronic apparatus. The control circuitry is configured to control power transmitted by the power transmitter, based on at least detection sensitivity of the receiver.

Abstract: A method for repetition of uplink transmissions comprises: a repeater apparatus, aka uplink repeater, has a controller, a downlink receiver and an uplink transmitter and receiver. Use the downlink receiver to receive a downlink signal from a base station whose cell the uplink repeater is serving. For downlink frame(s) thus received: the controller demodulates at least a portion of the downlink frame and extracts MAP_D data describing allocation of an uplink transmission in upcoming uplink frame(s) to be transmitted after the downlink frame; controller determines a subset of UL transmission allocations to be repeated, to define a subset of mobile stations in the cell, whose uplink transmissions are to be repeated; the uplink receiver receives the UL transmissions to be repeated from each mobile station, and repeats the UL transmissions to be repeated by commanding the UL transmitter to send the content.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting RF signals is described. In one embodiment, the apparatus is evidenced by a multi-band antenna assembly. The multi-band antenna assembly comprises of a base portion, a blade antenna supporting omni-directional beam while the second one is an antenna array that has a directional beam. The top portion comprises a first surface facing away from the base portion, the first surface having an first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna elements; a second surface facing the base portion; and a peripheral surface on a periphery of the top portion and disposed between the first surface and the second surface, the peripheral surface comprising one or more further antenna arrays having a plurality of further antenna elements.

Abstract: A communication device is arranged to operate in a cellular communication system and report Channel State Information, CSI, including a channel quality by a Channel Quality Indicator, CQI, which reports a CQI set. The communication device comprises a receiver arranged to receive antenna-specific reference signals, a channel estimator arranged to evaluate channel conditions from the reference signals to determine values of a CQI set, a reporting processor arranged to determine whether a bounded differential reporting format prevents values of the CQI set to be accurately reported, and to determine a CQI set such that the bounded differential reporting format allows the values of the CQI set to be reported to reduce under-reporting or over-reporting errors that arise from the use of the bounded differential reporting format, and to form a CSI report including the values of the CQI set using the bounded differential reporting format, and a transmitter arranged to send the CSI report.