Abstract: A method for producing magnesium compound represented by formula (I): Mg(OEt)2-n(OMe)n??(I) where Et is an ethyl group, Me is a methyl group and n is a numerical value of from 0.001 to 1, by reacting metal magnesium, ethanol, methanol and a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound containing at least 0.0001 gram atom of a halogen atom relative to one gram atom of the metal magnesium. A method of producing a solid catalyst component.

Abstract: Catalyst composition for the oligomerization of ethylene, comprising (i) an at least partially hydrolyzed transition metal compound, obtainable by controlled addition of water to a transition metal compound having the general formula MXm(OR?)4-m or MXm(OOCR?)4-m, wherein R? is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl group, X is halogen, preferably Cl or Br, and m is from 0 to 4; preferably 0-3; and (ii) an organoaluminum compound as a cocatalyst, wherein the molar ratio of water and transition metal compound is within a range of between about (0.01-3):1; a process for oligomerization of ethylene and a method for preparing the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for producing a modified particle, which involves the step of contacting with one another compounds (a), (b) and (c) represented by the defined general formulas M1L1m, R1t-1TH and H2O, respectively, and a particle (d), in which M1 is a metal atom of Group 1, 2, 12, 14 or 15 of the periodic table, m is a valence of M1, L1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, which may be the same or different when plural L1's exist, R1 is an electron-withdrawing group or an electron-withdrawing group-containing group, which may be the same or different when plural R1's exist, T is a non-metal atom of Group 15 or 16 of the periodic table, and t is a valence of T; and a particle (d), wherein the compound (a) to (c) and the particle (d) are contacted in defined orders and in defined solvents; a carrier comprising said modified particle; a catalyst component for addition polymerization comprising said modified particle; a catalyst for addition polymerization using said catalyst component; and a proc

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation method of a catalyst for ethylene (co)polymerization, comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a magnesium compound solution by contact-reacting a halogenated magnesium compound with a mixed solvent of cyclic ether and at least one alcohol; (2) reacting the resulted magnesium compound solution from the above step (1) with a silicon compound having at least one alkoxy group; (3) preparing a support by adding a titanium compound to the resulted product from the step (2); and (4) reacting thus obtained support with a titanium compound and optionally a monoester compound, resulting in a catalyst. Catalysts prepared according to the present invention have a regulated particle shape, and their particle size can be easily adjusted. Therefore, with such catalyst, it is possible to produce polymers having high bulk density at high production yield.

Abstract: A magnesium compound represented by the formula (I): Mg(OC2H5)2?n(OR1)n??(I) where R1 is CmH2m+1 (where m is an integer of from 3 to 10), and n is a numerical value satisfying 0<n<0.35; a solid catalyst component for olefin polymer using the magnesium compound; a catalyst for olefin polymer; and methods of producing olefin copolymers such as a propylene-based random copolymer and propylene-based block copolymer by using the catalyst for olefin polymer.

Abstract: A method of producing a magnesium compound by reacting the following components (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) metal magnesium (ii) an alcohol (iii) a metal dihalide compound represented by the general formula (I) containing at least 0.001 mole of M relative to one mole of magnesium of the metal magnesium (i) MX2??(I) where X is a halogen atom and M is Mn, Fe, Co or Zn.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacture of supported noble metal based alloy catalysts with a high degree of alloying and a small crystallite size. The method is based on the use of polyol solvents as reaction medium and comprises of a two-step reduction process in the presence of a support material. In the first step, the first metal (M1=transition metal; e.g. Co, Cr, Ru) is activated by increasing the reaction temperature to 80 to 160° C. In the second step, the second metal (M2=noble metal; e.g. Pt, Pd, Au and mixtures thereof) is added and the slurry is heated to the boiling point of the polyol solvent in a range of 160 to 300° C. Due to this two-step method, an uniform reduction occurs, resulting in noble metal based catalysts with a high degree of alloying and a small crystallite size of less than 3 nm. Due to the high degree of alloying, the lattice constants are lowered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalytic compositions for esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions, a process for the catalysis of said reactions employing such catalytic compositions and polyesters or resins obtainable by this process.

Abstract: A method for preparing a nickel-containing composition, and a composition prepared by such method, are disclosed including the steps of: a) mixing a phosphorous compound with a nickel complex having nickel bonded to a heteroatom to thereby form a nickel-phosphorous-containing mixture; and b) contacting the nickel-phosphorous-containing mixture with a supported partially hydrolyzed alkylaluminum compound, thereby forming such nickel-containing composition. Use of such nickel-containing composition in the dimerization of propene is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a polymerization catalyst component wherein a solid compound with formula Mg(OR1)xCl2-x wherein x is larger than 0 and smaller than 2, and each R1, independently, represents an alkyl group, said compound being obtained by reacting a Grignard compound with an alkoxy- or aryloxy-containing silane compound, is contacted with at least one activating compound selected from the group formed by internal electron donors and compounds of formula M(OR2)v-w(R3)w, wherein M can be Ti, Zr, Hf, Al or Si, each R2 and R3, independently, represent an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, v is the valency of M and w is smaller than v, in the presence of an inert dispersant to give an intermediate reaction product, and wherein the intermediate reaction product is contacted with a halogen-containing Ti-compound. A catalyst system comprising said component shows improved performance in olefin polymerization.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation method of a catalyst for ethylene (co)polymerization, comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a magnesium compound solution by contact-reacting a halogenated magnesium compound with a mixed solvent of cyclic ether and at least one alcohol; (2) reacting the resulted magnesium compound solution from the above step (1) with a silicon compound having at least one alkoxy group; (3) preparing a support by adding a titanium compound to the resulted product from the step (2); and (4) reacting thus obtained support with a titanium compound and optionally a monoester compound, resulting in a catalyst. Catalysts prepared according to the present invention have a regulated particle shape, and their particle size can be easily adjusted. Therefore, with such catalyst, it is possible to produce polymers having high bulk density at high production yield.

Abstract: Reforming nanocatalysts are formed using a dispersing agent to increase the activity, selectivity and longevity of the catalyst when used in a reforming process. The nanocatalyst particles are formed using a dispersing agent having at least one functional group selected from the group of a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amide, an amine, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, sulfonyl halide, an acyl halide, an organometallic complex, and combinations of these. The dispersing agent is particularly useful for forming multicomponent catalysts comprising an alloy, combination, mixture, decoration, or interspersion of platinum and one or more of tin, rhenium or iridium. The formation of the nanoparticles may include a heat treating process performed in an inert or oxidative environment to maintain the catalyst atoms in a non-zero oxidation state to thereby maintain a stronger bond between the dispersing agent and the catalyst atoms.

Abstract: A method for producing magnesium compound represented by formula (I): Mg(OEt)2-n(OMe)n??(I) where Et is an ethyl group, Me is a methyl group and n is a numerical value of from 0.001 to 1, by reacting metal magnesium, ethanol, methanol and a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound containing at least gram atom of a halogen atom relative to one gram atom of the metal magnesium. A method of producing a solid catalyst component.

Abstract: A polyester having a good color tone (a high L value and a low b value) and a low acetaldehyde content is obtained by using a catalyst containing a reaction product of (A) a titanium compound (1) represented by the general formula (I) and/or a titanium compound (2) obtained by reacting the titanium compound (1) of the general formula (I) with an aromatic polyhydric carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (II) or an anhydride thereof, with (B) a phosphorus compound (3) represented by the general formula (III). [wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5=a C2-C10 alkyl group, k=1 to 3, m=2 to 4, and R6=a substituted or non-substituted C6-C20 aryl group or a C6-C20 alkyl group].

Abstract: Process for making copolymer (eg elastomeric copolymer) by copolymerising (1) ethylene with (2) at least one comonomer aliphatic C3-C20alpha-olefins and (3) at least one C4 to C30 conjugated or non-conjugated dienes.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly active spherical metal support catalysts with a metal content of 10 to 70% by mass, and a process for their production with the use of a mixture of polysaccharides and at least one metal compound which is dropped into a metal salt solution.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for preparing a titanium-containing main catalyst component, comprising the steps of: (i) reacting a magnesium compound having a formula (MgRX)p(MgX2)q, where R is an alkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, X is halogen, and q:p=0:1 to 1.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an exhaust treatment device includes: a substrate, a shell disposed around the substrate, and a retention material disposed between the shell and the substrate. The substrate includes a catalyst that includes a precious metal and a solid solution comprising solid solution metals, wherein the solid solution metals include yttrium, zirconium, and titanium.

Abstract: A catalyst manufacturing process includes heat treating an intermediate catalyst composition that includes catalyst nanoparticles having catalyst atoms in a non-zero oxidation state bonded to a dispersing/anchoring agent. The catalyst nanoparticles are formed using a dispersing agent having at least one functional group selected from the group of a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amide, an amine, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, sulfonyl halide, an acyl halide, an organometallic complex, and combinations of these. The dispersing agent can be used to form single- or multicomponent supported nanocatalysts. The dispersing agent also acts as an anchoring agent to firmly bond the nanocatalyst to a support. Performing the heat treating process in an inert or oxidative environment to maintain the catalyst atoms in a non-zero oxidation helps maintains a stronger bonding interaction between the dispersing agent and the catalyst atoms.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a catalyst precursor comprising the following steps: 1)a) preparing a colloidal solution A with a defined pH containing oxy(hydroxide) particles of a cation Mz+ selected from the group constituted by cations from columns IIA, IIIA, IIIB, IVB and IVA of the periodic table; or 1)b) using a commercial aqueous colloidal solution (solution A) with a defined pH containing oxy(hydroxide) particles of a cation Mz+ selected from the group constituted by cations from columns IIA, IIIA, IIIB, IVB and IVA of the periodic table; 2) adding in an aqueous solution B containing a precursor salt of a group VIII metal with a concentration of 0.001 to 1 mole/litre, the precursor salt of the metal being soluble under the pH conditions used in step 1. The invention also concerns the catalyst obtained from a catalyst precursor and its application in selective hydrogenation.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst for use in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene is disclosed. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a high purity metal and at least one promoter in the form of solid oxides, oxide hydrates, hydroxides, hydroxycarbonates or metals. The catalyst is prepared via a method which comprises the preparation of at least one high purity iron precursor with or without an additional support material and which uses a nominal amount of water in the catalyst production. The catalyst pellets prepared with the high purity metal precursor are essentially free of sulfur and chloride contaminants.

Abstract: A process for producing a Gp 2/transition metal olefin polymerisation catalyst component, in which a Gp 2 complex is reacted with a transition metal compound so as to produce an oil-in-oil emulsion, the disperse phase containing the preponderance of the Gp 2 metal being selectively sorbed on a carrier to provide a catalyst component of excellent morphology. Polymerisation of olefins using a catalyst containing such a component is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is for a process for making a catalyst for production of unsaturated aldehydes, such as methacrolein, by gas phase catalytic oxidation of olefins, such as isobutylene, said catalyst containing oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cesium, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, antimony, magnesium and zinc. The process is a two-part synthesis of the catalyst with the water insoluble components in one part and the water soluble components in the other part. The water insoluble components are co-precipitated to form an intermediate catalyst precursor of a precipitated support incorporating oxides of the metal components. The intermediate catalyst precursor is filtered and washed to remove nitrates. The intermediate catalyst precursor is slurried with the remaining water soluble components. A final catalyst precursor is formed by removing the water and incorporating the water soluble components. This two-part process reduces the amount of nitrates in the final catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A purification catalyst for exhaust gas enhances the activities of the precious metals, preventing decrease of activities at high temperature, and exhibiting a satisfactory performance during operation. In the purification catalyst of the present invention, Pd is supported by an aluminum composite oxide having a perovskite structure, the aluminum composite oxide is LnAl1?xMxO3 in which Ln is a rare-earth element, and the element M in the LnAl1?xMxO3 is one of elements in groups 1 to 5 and groups 12 to 14.

Abstract: A catalyst component obtained by a process comprising contacting (a), (b) and (c) described below, a catalyst for addition polymerization using the catalyst component, and a process for producing an addition polymer with the catalyst for addition polymerization: (a) a compound represented by the chemical formula, BiL1r, (b) a compound represented by the chemical formula, R1s-1T1H, and (c) a compound represented by the chemical formula, R2t-2T2H2, wherein r is a numeral corresponding to a valence of Bi; L1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon oxy group; T1 and T2 independently represents a non-metallic atom of Group 15 or 16 of the periodic table; s represents a numeral corresponding to a valence of T1; t represents a numeral corresponding to a valence of T2; R1 is an electron-withdrawing group or an electron-withdrawing group-containing group; and R2 represents a hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly active spherical metal support catalysts with a metal content of 10 to 70% by mass, and a process for their production with the use of a mixture of polysaccharides and at least one metal compound which is dropped into a metal salt solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process wherein improved production of catalysts is made possible according to an evolutionary method. The principles of mutation and crossing of catalyst components and determination of performance parameters of the mixed catalysts used here are carried out in 5 to 50 catalyst generations in such way that two mixed catalysts are selected from the same generation in crossing, and at least one selected component is exchanged between the two, and in mutation of a selected mixed catalyst, a selected component from a catalyst mixture is introduced into the catalyst or, if already present in it, it is removed from the catalyst. The selection is made in all cases by using random generators with a uniform distribution. The same procedure is used for the gas flow composition, the temperature and the space velocity as the other performance parameters.

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst with monolayer or sub-monolayer metal by controlling the wetting characteristics on the support surface and increasing the adhesion between the catalytic metal and an oxide layer. There are two methods that have been demonstrated by experiment and supported by theory. In the first method, which is useful for noble metals as well as others, a negatively-charged species is introduced to the surface of a support in sub-ML coverage. The layer-by-layer growth of metal deposited onto the oxide surface is promoted because the adhesion strength of the metal-oxide interface is increased. This method can also be used to achieve nanoislands of metal upon sub-ML deposition. The negatively-charged species can either be deposited onto the oxide surface or a compound can be deposited that dissociates on, or reacts with, the surface to form the negatively-charged species.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst is provided which makes use of a modified methylaluminoxane and thus stably exhibits an activity equivalent to, or higher than, the activity achieved by polymethylaluminoxane. Specifically, the olefin polymerization catalyst is in the form of a modified methylaluminoxane preparation prepared from: an organoaluminum compound represented by the following general formula (I): R1mAlX3-m??(I) wherein R1 represents a straight-chained or branched hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; X represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkoxy group, or allyloxy group; and 0<m?3; and trimethyl aluminum, wherein the mole fraction of methyl group of the aluminoxane unit with respect to the total number of moles of the hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and methyl group present in the modified methylaluminoxane preparation is 65 mol % or greater.

Abstract: A catalyst solid for olefin polymerization comprising A) at least one magnesium halide, B) at least one metallocene complex and C) at least one compound capable of forming metallocenium ions, is prepared by i) firstly preparing finely divided support particles consisting of the magnesium halide A) and an C1-C8-alcohol having a mean particle diameter of from 1 to 200 ?m from an adduct of the magnesium halide A) and a C1-C8-alcohol, where the adduct contains from 1.5 to 5 mol of the C1-C8-alcohol per mole of magnesium halide, ii) then depositing the compound C) capable of forming metallocenium ions on the finely divided support particles and iii) subsequently bringing the reaction product hereby obtained into contact with the metallocene complex B). This catalyst solid can be used for the polymerization or copolymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for uniformly dispersing a transition metal metallocene complex on a carrier comprising (1) providing silica which is porous and has a particle size of 1 to 250 microns, having pores which have an average diameter of 50 to 500 Angstroms and having a pore volume of 0.5 to 5.0 cc/g; (2) slurrying the silica in an aliphatic solvent having a boiling point less than 110° C.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a multiplephase multimetal oxide composition comprising Mo, V, Cu and, if desired, further elements, at least one phase is preformed separately and dispersed in a plastically deformable precursor composition of a further phase. The mixture is dried and calcined. The multimetal oxide composition is suitable as active composition of catalysts for the catalytically oxidation of organic compounds in the gas phase, in particular for the oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid.

Abstract: Single site catalysts which contain a transition metal, a cyclopentadienyl may be activated with alumoxanes in the gas, solution or group-containing ligand, and a phosphinimine ligand slurry phase polymerization of olefin. Alumoxanes contain residual aluminum alkyls which may poison the catalysts. The residual aluminum alkyls may be bound and/or removed from the alumoxanes by treatment with carbohydrates such as cellulose, starch or sugar.

Abstract: By the present invention, there are provided a catalyst for polyester preparation, which comprises a solid titanium compound containing titanium, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen and having a Ti—O bond and which has a maximum solubility in ethylene glycol, as measured when the catalyst is dissolved in ethylene glycol under heating at 150° C., of not less than 3,000 ppm in terms of a titanium atom, a catalyst for polyester preparation, which comprises a titanium-containing solution wherein a contact product of a hydrolyzate of a titanium halide or a hydrolyzate of a titanium alkoxide with a polyhydric alcohol is dissolved in ethylene glycol in an amount of 3,000 to 100,000 ppm in terms of a titanium atom, a process for preparing a polyester using the catalyst, and a polyester prepared by the process.

Abstract: A method of coating a catalyst to a support for use in acrolein oxidation reaction. Metallic salt components of the catalyst including molybdate, vanadate and tungstate are dissolved in a liquid to form a suspension of particles of the catalyst. The precipitation of the catalyst particles is controlled by homogenizing the catalyst particles suspended in the liquid. The phase separation between the catalyst particles and the liquid can be substantially slowed down by the homogenization. Then the catalyst is coated on an inert support by applying the suspension of the catalyst particles to the support. In the suspension, the total weight of water is about 0.8 to about 5 times of the total weight of the metallic salts in the catalyst. This method of preparing suspension minimizes the amount of the liquid required to dissolve the metallic salts, which reduces the amount of time and energy to be used in evaporating the liquid from the suspension.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst obtained by contacting a specific transition metal compound(A), an organoaluminumoxy compound (B) soluble in an aromatic solvent and water (C), and a process for producing an olefin polymer with said catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst having high activity independent of the hydrogen concentration and low gel productivity in the polymerization of ethylene has been prepared.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst system and processes for preparing the system for use in ethylene polymerization and copolymerization. The catalyst system is obtained by dissolving any electron-donor activator and optionally, a metal halide adjusting agent, into a solution of magnesium halide in a solvent system consisting essentially of organic epoxy compounds and organic phosphorous compounds to form a homogeneous solution. At least one coprecipitator and a titanium halide or its derivative is then mixed to form a solid component, followed by incorporating in combination with an organic aluminum component prior to use in polymerizations. The electron donor activator is an ether or alcohol, and the coprecipitator is an organic acid, anhydride, ether, or ketone.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalytic component obtainable by reacting a porous inorganic support with a metallocene compound characterized in that the metallocene compound is defined by the following general formulas:

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer into at least one polymer.

Abstract: Catalysts for the polymerization of olefins are disclosed, which comprise the product obtained by contacting: (A) a bridged and/or substituted cyclopentadienyl compound of titanium, zirconium or hafnium; (B) an organometallic aluminium compound of the formula: Al(CH2—CR4R5—CR6R7R8)wR9qHz wherein R4 is a C1-C10 alkyl, alkenyl, or arylalkyl group; R5 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl, alkenyl, or arylalkyl group; R6 and R7 are C1-C10 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups; R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl group; R9 is a C1-C10 alkyl, alkenyl, or arylalkyl group, a carbon atom in the compound of formula (II) being optionally replaced by a Si or Ge atom; w is 1-3, z is 0 or 1, q=3−w−z, and (C) water; the molar ratio (B)/(C) being comprised between 1:1 and 100:1. These catalysts show an improved activity with respect to known catalysts, wherein different aluminium compounds are used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for producing an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene and also a method for preparation of an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene with the use of said catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention is prepared by a process comprising: (i) producing a magnesium compound solution by contact-reacting a magnesium compound and an aluminum or boron compound with alcohol; (ii) contact-reacting the said solution with an ester compound containing at least one hydroxy group and a silicon compound containing an alkoxy group; and (iii) producing of a solid titanium catalyst by adding a mixture of a titanium compound and a silicon compound thereto. The catalyst prepared by the present invention has excellent catalytic activity, and it helps to produce an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene with large bulk density and narrow particle distribution without too large and minute particles.

Abstract: Novel, highly effective catalyst compositions are described in which a low cost co-catalyst can be employed at very low aluminum loadings. Such compounds are composed of a cation derived from d-block or f-block metal compound, such as a metallocene, by loss of a leaving group, and an aluminoxate anion derived by transfer of a proton from a stable or metastable hydroxyaluminoxane to such leaving group. These catalyst compositions have extremely high catalytic activity and typically have high solubility in paraffinic solvents. Moreover they yield reduced levels of ash and result in improved clarity in polymers formed from such catalysts. Surprisingly, when isolated and stored, and optionally purified, under anhydrous inert conditions and surroundings, the catalyst compounds are more stable than if kept in solution. Thus these catalyst compounds can be stored, shipped, and used under inert anhydrous conditions as preformed catalysts thus simplifying the polymerization operations.

Abstract: Solid catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins, includes the product of the direct reaction, with no subsequent reactions with reducing organometallic compounds, between a titanium compound and a support obtained by contacting a metal oxide containing hydroxyl groups with a solution containing A) a magnesium chloride; B) from 1 to 6 moles of an alcohol per mole of magnesium chloride, in a halogenated hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon organic solvent C) capable of bringing the magnesium chloride in solution in quantities greater than or equal to 5 grams per liter in the presence of the above-mentioned quantities of alcohol B), the solvent not being able to form adducts with the magnesium chloride.

Abstract: Catalysts for the polymerization of olefins comprise the product of the reaction between: (A) a titanium, zirconium or hafnium product with substituted cyclopentadiene ligands, (B) a mixture of two organometallic aluminium compounds, with at least one of the groups bound to the aluminium being other than a linear alkyl, and (C) water. When used in the polymerization of olefins, these catalysts show higher activities, at short residence times, than corresponding catalysts obtained from the individual components of the above-mentioned mixtures of aluminium compounds.

Abstract: A process of using a catalyst composition to polymerize at least one monomer to produce a polymer. The process comprising contacting the catalyst composition, at least one monomer in a polymerization zone under polymerization conditions to produce the polymer. The catalyst composition is produced by a process comprising contacting at least one organometal compound, at least one solid mixed oxide compound, and at least one organoaluminum compound. The solid mixed oxide compound comprises oxygen and at least two elements selected from the group consisting of groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the periodic table, including lanthanides and actinides.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a titanium compound, a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or its metal salt, water and optionally a solvent. The complexing agent can be hydroxycarboxylic acid, alkanolamines, aminocarboxylic acids, or combinations of two or more thereof. The solvent can be water, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1-methyl propylene glycol, pentylene glycol, or combinations of two or more thereof. The titanium compound can be combined with a zirconium compound. Also disclosed is a process for using the composition for producing an ester or a polyester. The process comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of the compositions, with an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, polymerization, or combinations of two or more thereof.