Abstract: A method comprising contacting a silica support with a titanium-containing solution to form a titanated silica support, wherein the titanium-containing solution comprises a solvent; a ligand comprising a glycol, a carboxylate, a peroxide, or a combination thereof, and a titanium compound having the formula Ti(acac)2(OR)2, wherein “acac” is acetylacetonate and wherein each R independently is ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, or n-butyl.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst support comprising contacting an acid-soluble titanium-containing compound with an acid to form a first mixture; contacting the first mixture with an alkali metal silicate to form a hydrogel which has a silica content of from about 18 wt. % to about 35 wt. % based on the total weight of the hydrogel; contacting the hydrogel with an alkaline solution to form an aged hydrogel; washing the aged hydrogel to form a washed hydrogel; and drying the washed hydrogel to produce a titanium-containing-silica support wherein the support has a pore volume equal to or greater than about 1.4 cm3/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for polymerization of olefins, in particular gas phase polymerization of olefins, with the aid of a supported chromium oxide based catalyst.

Abstract: Animal and seed based triglycerides are oils used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, energy generation, etc. These triglycerides or glycerol esters are a mixture of triglycerides and free fatty esters (FFA) along with unsaponifiables and gums (MIU). FFA may range from very low, 1% or less, to more than 40% in some rendered animal oils. Corn oil from the wet or dry process of ethanol production may have from 7 to 15% FFA. The varying amount of FFA presents numerous process issues for downstream users of these oils especially in the production of biodiesel, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). FFA about 1 or 2% requires esterification as well as transesterification for the production of FAME. What is needed is a method to perform Glycerolysis. This disclosure describes an improved catalyst system as well as process equipment and operating conditions to allow economical commercialization of Glycerolysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antifouling coating formed from a water-based coating composition comprising 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass of ultrafine silica particles having an average particle size equal to or less than 25 nm, 5% by mass to 50% by mass, relative to the ultrafine silica particles, of a zirconium compound which is at least one selected from zirconium chloride and zirconyl chloride, and 30% by mass to 99.5% by mass of water. In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to provide an antifouling coating that can maintain the antifouling performance and hydrophilicity and prevent corrosion of fins even under an environment with a large amount of contaminating substances, such as metal particles, in the air.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting a support material with a transition metal compound to produce a mixture; thermally treating the mixture in the presence of oxygen at a temperature in a range of from about 100° C. to about 500° C. for a period of from about 1 hour to about 10 hours, wherein at least a portion of the transition metal sublimes onto the support material to produce a support material comprising a dispersed transition metal; and thermally treating the support material comprising the dispersed transition metal in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature in a range of from about 550° C. to about 900° C. for a period of from about 1 hour to about 10 hours to produce a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst and its preparation and use are disclosed. The catalyst is a silicalite having germanium (Ge) included within the framework of the silicalite prepared in a particular manner. The catalyst may be used in a method of converting hydrocarbons wherein a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with the catalyst. The catalyst may be formed by preparing an aqueous reaction mixture of a silica-containing silicalite precursor material and a germanium source. The reactants of the reaction mixture are allowed to react. The reacted reaction mixture is heated under conditions to form crystals of a silicalite having germanium included within the framework of the silicalite. The crystals are then calcined to form the catalyst. In certain embodiments, a noble metal may be deposited upon the germanium-containing silicalite.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula (X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e??(I) wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing TiO2/SiO2 mixed oxides or the hydrates and/or oxide hydrates thereof comprised of 0.5 to 95 wt % SiO2 and the balance as TiO2, each referring to the completely calcined product, by using titanium alcoholates and aqueous silica sol. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of these mixed oxides as catalyst carriers.

Abstract: A sol of the present invention is a sol comprising zirconium oxalate compound as a dispersoid, wherein a mol ratio of oxalic acid to Zr (oxalic acid/Zr) is from 1.2 to 3 and a particle diameter D50 of the dispersoid is from 10 to 100 nm. This sol is produced by adding oxalic acid to a dispersion liquid of zirconium hydroxide, and the addition of oxalic acid is carried out in twice.

Abstract: A catalyst for treating exhaust gases having excellent durability and performance for removing nitrogen oxides and organic halogen compounds and a low SO2 oxidation rate, a titanium oxide suitable for preparing the catalyst and a method for treating exhaust gases containing nitrogen oxides and/or organic halogen compounds using the catalyst are provided. The BET specific surface areas of the titanium oxide and the catalyst for treating exhaust gases are in the range of 85 to 250 m2/g and in the range of 50 to 200 m2/g respectively. The titanium oxide and the catalyst for treating exhaust gases have each a ratio in the range of 15 to 145%, the ratio of the intensity of the peak indicating an anatase crystal present in the range of 2?=24.7° to 2?=25.7° of powder X-ray diffraction thereof (Ia) to the intensity of the peak indicating an anatase crystal present in the range of 2?=24.7° to 2?=25.

Abstract: The application discloses a Titanium oxide composition and the application thereof. The mentioned Titanium oxide composition comprises Titanium co-precipitate(s), organic acid, diol, and water. According to this application, a catalyzed poly-esterification with said Titanium oxide composition is also disclosed. The mentioned polyesterification comprises a step of adding said Titanium oxide composition into at least one stage selected from slurry stage, esterification stage, and polycondensation stage.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula (X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e??(I) wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrification.

Abstract: Disclosed are washcoated ceramic honeycomb filters. The ceramic filters exhibit a relatively high level of washcoat loading while exhibiting minimized levels of backpressure. Also disclosed are methods for manufacturing the washcoated ceramic honeycomb filters. The method comprises providing an cell geometry derived from a predetermined level of washcoat loading to be applied to the ceramic honeycomb article.

Abstract: A catalyst carrier and exhaust gas purification catalyst superior in sintering inhibiting effect of precious metal catalyst particles are provided, that is, a catalyst carrier for carrying a precious metal comprised of a composite oxide of an electron accepting element (La) having an electron accepting property of accepting electrons from a precious metal element by approach or contact with the precious metal element (Pt) and not changing in atomic valence in an oxidation reduction reaction and of another element (Si) and, further, an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprised of this catalyst carrier on which precious metal catalyst particles are carried.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising titanium incorporated into a silica support, characterized in that the silica support is a shaped extrudate of silica powder. The catalyst composition is useful in the epoxidation of olefins into alkylene oxides using organic hydroperoxides. The composition can be prepared by extruding silica powder into an extrudate having a selected shape; calcining the extrudate; impregnating the extrudate with a titanium-containing impregnating agent; and drying and calcining the impregnated extrudate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an essentially spherical support for olefin polymerization catalysts, which comprises the steps: preparation of a hydrogel comprising a cogel of silicon oxide and at least one further metal oxide, if appropriate, washing of the hydrogel until the content of alkali metal ions is less than 0.1% by weight, based on the weight of solids, extraction of the water from the hydrogel until the water content is less than 5% by weight, based on the total content of liquid, and drying of the hydrogel to form a xerogel. According to the invention, the extraction step comprises at least one first extraction with a first organic solvent which is at least partially miscible with water down to a water content of 50% by weight, followed by at least one second extraction with a second organic solvent which is at least partially miscible with water.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula (X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e??(I) wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminium, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrification.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly active spherical metal support catalysts with a metal content of 10 to 70% by mass, and a process for their production with the use of a mixture of polysaccharides and at least one metal compound which is dropped into a metal salt solution.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material is expressed by a composition formula, (Ca1-xAx)1-z(Si1-yBy)z, wherein “A” is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements, alkaline-earth metal elements, rare-earth elements, the elements of groups 3 through 6, Ni, Au, In, Tl, Sn, Fe, Co, Cu and Ag; “B” is at least one member selected from the group consisting of the elements of groups 7 through 17, rare-earth elements, Hf and Be; 0?x<1 by atomic ratio; 0?y<1 by atomic ratio; and 0.38?z?0.58 by atomic ratio. It is lightweight as well as less expensive. In principle, neither high-temperature nor high-pressure activation is required, because it exhibits a high initial activity. The operation temperature can be lowered and the hydrogen absorption content can be enlarged by controlling the kind and substitution proportion of the substituent elements appropriately.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized in that a base material is coated with a ceramic thin film comprising a composite phase composed of a first phase mainly formed of a silicon ceramic component and a second phase mainly formed of a ceramic component other than the silicon ceramic component of the first phase, in which the amount of fine crystal particles of at least one ceramic component that constitutes the second phase slopingly increases toward a surface layer. According to the present invention, there are provided a ceramic thin film coating material having a slope constitution, which not only has an excellent function such as a photocatalyst function, an electrical function, a thermal catalyst function or a catalyst-supporting function or environment resistance such as oxidation resistance, alkaline resistance or wear resistance but also has excellent dynamic properties, and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A carrier supporting titania thereon is further caused to carry a metal compound thereon. This metal compound is hydrogen reduced in a heating atmosphere at a first treatment temperature, then oxidized in a heating atmosphere at a second treatment temperature not higher than the first treatment temperature to thereby obtain a photocatalyst. In this event, metal is released from an extremely strong reduction state and thus highly dispersed on the catalyst in the form of fine particles so that high activity of the catalyst can be obtained. Then, by purifying gas while feeding light and heat to the photocatalyst by, for example, blacklights, a volatile organic compound such as acetaldehyde can be decomposed at a high decomposition rate through cooperation between photocatalytic activity and thermal catalytic activity of the photocatalyst.

Abstract: This invention provides metal-rich siliceous compositions and methods of preparing such compositions. The compositions have comprehensibly variable and controllable metal oxide to silica ratios, surface morphology, porosity, and surface area. The method includes preparing a silicic acid, a metal oxide dispersion, and a basic heel solution. The silicic acid and metal oxide dispersion are mixed to create a blend and the blend is controllably added to the basic heel solution to form a siliceous material including colloidal silica-coated metal oxide particles.

Abstract: Multi-layer coatings are disclosed that include (a) a first layer deposited from at least one composition that includes a polymeric composition, and (b) a second layer applied over at least a portion of the first layer in which the second layer is deposited from at least one liquid composition that includes (i) a photocatalytic material, and (ii) a binder that is hydrophilic and comprises an essentially completely hydrolyzed organosilicate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with such multi-layer coatings, methods of applying such multi-layer coatings to a substrate and methods of making a painted surface easy-to-clean.

Abstract: Multi-layer coatings are disclosed that include (1) a first layer comprising an inorganic oxide network, and (2) a second layer applied over at least a portion of the first layer, wherein the second layer is deposited from at least one liquid composition that is hydrophilic and includes an essentially completely hydrolyzed organosilicate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with such multi-layer coatings, methods of applying such multi-layer coatings to a substrate and methods for improving the anti-fouling, self-cleaning, easy-to-clean, and/or anti-fogging properties of an article.

Abstract: A process for preparing a transalkylation catalyst, the catalyst itself, and a transalkylation process for using the catalyst are herein disclosed. The catalyst comprises rhenium metal on a solid-acid support such as mordenite, which has been treated with a sulfur-based agent. Such treatment reduces the amount of methane produced by metal hydrogenolysis in a transalkylation process wherein heavy aromatics like A9+ are reacted with toluene to produce xylenes. Reduced methane production relative to total light ends gas production results in lower hydrogen consumption and lower reactor exotherms.

Abstract: A catalyst support is produced by mixing particulate synthetic silica with 0.5–10 parts by weight of one or more particulate oxides or phosphates of the elements of group IIA, IIIB, IVB, VA, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and lanthanides or precursors thereof, shaping the mixture and then calcining the shaped mixture to form the finished support. The formed support has improved stability relative to aging resistance under hydrothermal conditions. The catalyst support is used together with phosphoric acid in the production of alcohols from olefins by hydration. The resultant hydration catalysts have excellent activity and selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to noble metal-containing catalysts which are composed of at least one organic/inorganic hybrid material which is composed of at least one titanium component and at least one Si—H group. The catalysts of the present invention have increased activity compared to known catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst support is produce by mixing particulate synthetic silica with 0.5–10 parts by weight of one or more particulate oxides or phosphates of the elements of group IIA, IIIB, IVB, VA, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and lanthanides or precursors thereof, shaping the mixture and then calcining the shaped mixture to form the finished support. The formed support has improved stability relative to aging resistance under hydrothermal conditions. The catalyst support is used together with phosphoric acid in the production of alcohols from olefins by hydration. The resultant hydration catalysts have excellent activity and selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel one-step method for forming a supported catalyst complex of high activity by substantially simultaneously contacting a bidentate or tridentate ligand forming compound, a transition metal compound and a chromium immobilized Lewis acid support-agglomerate. The catalyst can be formed prior to polymerization of olefins or within the polymerization reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite material comprising silicon and titanium dioxide characterized by an enhanced thermal and hydrothermal stability of the pore structure. The composite is obtainable by precipitating titanium hydroxide from an aqueous solution containing sulfate salts and urea, followed by an hydrothermal treatment in the mother liquor, and by reacting the precipitate with a basic silica sol. The composite has a specific surface area of up to 228 m2/g for a material calcined at 800° C. for 3 hours, and is suitable for catalyzing a variety of reactions, including Claus reaction and degradation of organic impurities.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel one-step method for forming a supported catalyst complex of high activity by substantially simultaneously contacting a bidentate or tridentate ligand forming compound, a transition metal compound and a Lewis acid support-activator agglomerate. The catalyst can be formed prior to polymerization of olefins or within the polymerization reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for making a silica supported catalyst involves impregnating a silica component with a catalytic metal using an aqueous, alkaline bath before drying. More specifically, the method involves forming and washing a silica component, such as a silica gel or a co-gel, for example a silica-zirconia co-gel. Then, the washed silica component is contacted with the alkaline bath to effect the impregnation with the catalytic metal, such as cesium, to form an activated silica component. Subsequently, the activated silica component is dried to form the catalyst. The resulting catalysts demonstrate good mechanical strength.

Abstract: A surface of a glass plate is coated with a first n-type semiconductor film which is a 50 nm-thick niobium oxide film as a primer layer. The primer layer is coated with a 250 nm-thick photocatalyst film comprising titanium oxide. Thus, an article having a photocatalytically active surface is obtained. The two coating films can be formed by sputtering. The first n-type semiconductor film as the primer layer is selected so as to have a larger energy band gap than the titanium oxide. Due to this constitution, more holes are generated near the film surface. This article can be free from the problem of conventional titanium oxide films having photocatalytic activity that it is difficult to generate many surface holes contributing to photocatalytic activity, because electrons and holes generated by charge separation recombine within the film, making it impossible to effectively heighten catalytic activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for purifying and drying a polymer hydrogel. This invention is based in part upon the discovery that rapid drying of polymer hydrogels can eliminate the problem of unacceptable levels of soluble oligomers caused by prolonged thermal treatment. Rapid drying techniques allow drying hydrogels containing more water than was previously considered possible without a loss in product quality. Furthermore, it was discovered that slurries comprising polymer hydrogels and large quantities of water can be spray dried and that spray drying can be conducted with only minimal oligomer formation.

Abstract: A method for making a silica supported catalyst involves impregnating a silica component with a catalytic metal using an aqueous, alkaline bath before drying. More specifically, the method involves forming and washing a silica component, such as a silica gel or a co-gel, for example a silica-zirconia co-gel. Then, the washed silica component is contacted with the alkaline bath to effect the impregnation with the catalytic metal, such as cesium, to form an activated silica component. Subsequently, the activated silica component is dried to form the catalyst. The resulting catalysts demonstrate good mechanical strength.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a cogel comprising oxidic compounds of one or more trivalent metallic elements selected from the group of aluminum, borium, gallium, chromium, iron, cobalt, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, indium, rhodium, scandium, or mixtures thereof, oxidic compounds of one or more tetravalent metallic elements selected from the group of silicon, titanium, germanium, or mixtures thereof and oxidic compounds of one or more divalent metallic elements with at least one divalent metallic element not selected from Group VIII non-noble metallic elements, wherein a) the cogel is essentially X-ray amorphous apart from saponite, if present; b) the saponite content CA of the cogel is less than 60%; c) the cogel has a surface area of at least 400 m2/g; d) the cogel has a cation-exchange capacity of at least 0.5 wt %; and e) the total of sodium and potassium contained in the cogel amounts to less than 0.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the cogel.

Abstract: A method for generating a concentrated solution of rhodium starting from solid RHI3 and other solid rhodium sources by combination with a reducing agent, preferably hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives. The solution does not form any precipitate of rhodium iodide or other compounds even upon admixture with large quantities of hydriodic acid. The solution is stable at ambient conditions, very stable towards air and is easily prepared without application of external pressure and heating sources.

Abstract: The present invention includes a sol-gel supported catalyst for the dehydrogenation of lower alkanes, the catalyst comprising at least one active metal and at least one promoter metal attached to a sol-gel mixed oxide support. The sol-gel mixed oxide support arises from the polymerization of at least one precursor. The active metal and the promoter metal have been attached to the sol-gel mixed oxide support by the active metal and the promoter metal having been co-precipitated with the precursor of the sol-gel mixed oxide support. The invention also includes a method of making the above mentioned catalyst and a method of using the catalyst to dehydrogenate lower alkanes to produce lower alkenes.

Abstract: Moldings are disclosed for use as a catalyst or catalyst support for hydrating olefin, such as ethylene and propylene. The moldings are based on a pyrogenically produced mixed oxide having the following physicochemical parameters: External diameter 0.8-25 mm BET surface area 5-400 m2/g Pore volume 0.2-1.8 ml/g Fracture strength 5 to 350 N Composition At least two materials selected from the group of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2 in any desired combination, with the proviso that when the combination is a SiO2/Al2O3 mixed oxide, at least 75 wt. % of SiO2 is present based on the total weight of the mixed oxide. Other constituents <1 wt. % Bulk density 250-1500 g/l.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst of the general formula AB(y)C(z) wherein A is a support comprising of a salt of a Group II A metal or zeolite, B is a noble metal selected from Pt or Pd, y=0.2 to 10%, C is nickel and z=0 to 15.0%, with the proviso that when B is Pt, z=0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photocatalyst-carrying structures which can be used particularly in an environment of high temperature and humidity or outdoor environment requiring alkali resistance and also to composites of photocatalyst coating materials to produce the said structures. The composites of photocatalyst coating materials are characterized in containing a photocatalyst and a zirconium compound and/or tin compound in order to endow alkali resistance. The photocatalyst-carrying structure has an adhesive layer between a photocatalyst layer and a carrier. The photocatalyst layer contains a photocatalyst, and a zirconium compound and/or tin compound to endow alkali resistance.

Abstract: A titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst satisfying all of the following conditions (1) to (4):

Abstract: Frangible, spray dried agglomerate catalyst supports are provided, e.g. of silica gel, which possess a controlled morphology of microspheroidal shape, rough, scabrous appearance, and interstitial void spaces which penetrate the agglomerate surface and are of substantially uniform size and distribution. The agglomerates also possess a 1-250 micron particle size, 1-1000 m2/gm. surface area, and an Attrition Quality Index (AQI) of at least 10. The agglomerates are derived from a mixture of dry milled inorganic oxide particles, e.g. silica gel, and optionally but preferably wet milled inorganic oxide particles, e.g. silica gel particles, (which preferably contain a colloidal segment of <1 micron particles) slurried in water for spray drying. The high AQI assures that the agglomerates are frangible and that polymerization performance is improved.

Abstract: A titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst satisfying all of the following conditions (1) to (4): (1): an average pore size of 10 Å or more, (2): a pore size of 90% or more of the total pore volume of 5 to 200 Å, (3): a specific pore volume of 0.2 cm3/g or more, and (4): a quarternary ammonium ion represented by the following general formula (I) is used as a template and then said template is removed by solvent extraction operation; [NR1R2R3R4]+  (I) wherein, R1 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 36 carbon atoms, and R2 to R4 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a method for producing said catalyst, and a method for producing propylene oxide by reacting propylene with a hydroperoxide, except for ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, in the presence of said catalyst.

Abstract: A method of making frangible, spray dried agglomerate catalyst supports is provided, e.g. of silica gel, which possess a controlled morphology of microspheroidal shape, preferably a rough, scabrous appearance, and interstitial void spaces which penetrate the agglomerate. The agglomerates also possess a 4-250 micron particle size, 1-1000 m2/gm. surface area, and an Attrition Quality Index (AQI) of at least 10. The method comprises dry milling inorganic oxide particles, e.g. silica gel, wet milling the dry milled inorganic oxide particles (to preferably impart a colloidal segment of <1 micron particles), and spray drying the particles. The high AQI assures that the agglomerates are frangible and that polymerization performance is improved. The controlled morphology is believed to permit the constituent particles of the agglomerates to be more uniformly impregnated or coated with conventional olefin polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: It is shown metallocenes with functionalized bridge of formula wherein M represents a transition metal of groups 3, 4, 5 or 6, L represents cyclopentadienyl-type ligands, Y represents a halogen and which can own one or various bridges between unities L. At least one of these bridges is functionalized through a group constituted by the union between a halogen atom and a silicon, germanium or tin atom. It is also shown a method for the synthesis of these metallocene compounds starting from the corresponding metallic halure and a precursor of the ligand which has leaving groups. These metallocene compounds are used as catalyst precursors for the homopolymerization and copolymerization of olefins. It is also shown methods for supporting these metallocenes on inorganic solids in order to obtain solid catalyst systems for olefins polymerization processes in a heterogeneous phase.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. The process is characterized by using a catalyst prepared by a method involving (1) forming a catalyst gel by destabilizing an aqueous colloid comprising (a) at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium), (b) colloidal cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and/or aluminum oxide, and optionally (c) Al(OR)3, Si(OR)4, Ti(OR)4 and/or Zr(OR)4 where each R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and (2) drying the gel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst-carrying structure which has a structure, wherein an adhesive layer is provided in between a photocatalyst layer and a substrate, the adhesive layer is composed of silicon-modified resin, polysiloxane-containing resin or colloidal silica-containing resin, and for forming the photocatalyst layer a composition comprising a metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel and a photocatalyst is used. Further, the present invention also provides a photocatalyst coating agent for producing a photocatalyst-carrying structure which contains silicon compound, at least one metal oxide sol or metal hydroxide sol, and at least one photocatalyst powder or sol.