Abstract: The method enables control over carbon pore structure to provide sorbents that are particularly advantageous for the adsorption of specific gases. It involves preparation of a sorbent precursor material, carbonization of the precursor material, and, usually, activation of the carbonized material. The resultant material is subjected to heat treatment and/or to surface conditioning by a reducing gas at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A method of producing a multi-modal pore distribution activated carbon is provided herein by preparing a solution comprising a polymer precursor, mixing an additional material with the polymer precursor in the solution, cross-linking the polymer precursor with the additional material mixed therein, carbonizing the mixture of the polymer precursor and the additional material, and activating the carbonized mixture to form a multi-modal pore distribution activated carbon. The multi-modal pore distribution activated carbon can include pores less than 20 ? and greater than 30 ? or 500 ? depending upon the sorption properties desired, wherein the pore distribution of the activated carbon can be tailored to provide predetermined kinetics and/or gaseous constituent equilibrium isotherms.

Abstract: A manufacturing method is provided for producing a carbon material adsorbing nitrate nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen or a fluoride ion through an ion exchange with a chloride ion. Plant material can be impregnated with a calcium chloride solution. Subsequently, the plant material can be carbonized to enable the plant material to support chloride ions that can provide ion exchanging capability with nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and a fluoride ion via calcium. The temperature of the carbonization permits the deposits of a calcium chloride compound within 2% to 25% by weight as a functional group in a carbonized material having ash components.

Abstract: Purity (chemical composition) and porosity of carbons are important for most of their applications. There are several methods of making porous carbons. Carbide derived carbon represents a method of manufacturing carbon from metal carbides by thermochemical etching of metals and/or metalloids at elevated temperatures. This invention provides a method of manufacturing carbide derived carbon with higher purity. The produced carbons can be used in several applications where higher purity carbons are desired including but not limited to gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, hemodiafiltration, enterosorbent, and toxin removal from biological fluids.

Abstract: Porous carbon materials and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. One method includes forming a carbon-metal oxide composite by heating a coordination polymer to form a carbon-metal oxide composite, and then removing the metal oxide from the carbon-metal oxide composite. The porous carbon material has an average pore diameter ranging from about 10 nm to about 100 nm, and a d002 ranging from about 3.35 to 3.50 ?.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon using less thermal energy is disclosed. Crystalline cellulose and acidic electrolyzed water are introduced into a reaction vessel. The mixture is heated until it reaches a predetermined temperature (230° C. to 250° C.) while being stirred. When the mixture reached the predetermined temperature, this temperature is maintained, and the mixture is kept heated while being stirred for a predetermined period of time (30 minutes). Thereby, carbon is produced in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Carbon cryogels, methods for making the carbon cryogels, methods for storing a gas using the carbon cryogels, and devices for storing and delivering a gas using the carbon cryogels.

Abstract: Mesoporous activated carbon is disclosed. In at least some embodiments, virgin activated carbon to be processed may be coconut shell-based. The enhanced activated carbon may have a mesopore structure of at least about 10%. The enhanced activated carbon may be produced through a calcium-catalyzed activation process. A chelator may also be used. Catalyzed thermal activation may be carried out until a desired mass loss is achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing spherical activated carbon, wherein polymer globules, which comprise thermally decomposing chemical groups, are carbonized. It is characterized by that during the carbonization, a supplier of free radicals is added to the polymer globules, the supplier of free radicals forming free radicals, which are different from the free radicals that are generated by the decomposition of the chemical groups.

Abstract: The adsorption properties of the adsorbent product, based on a porous mineral such as particularly pumice stone, result from the carbon formed on the walls of the pores of the mineral by cracking of an organic product, such as sugar or treatment plant sludges, previously impregnated in the pores of the mineral, the carbon thus formed making the product hydrophobic. After absorption of pollutant hydrocarbons by the product, the impregnated mineral is heated in a heat treatment unit, in the absence of oxygen, to bring it to a sufficient temperature to evaporate the hydrocarbons and/or decompose by cracking the organic product or hydrocarbon molecules and form or regenerate the carbon deposit. Application to the manufacture and to the recycling of an adsorbent product for the depollution particularly of bodies of waters or rivers polluted by hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Organic, small pore area materials (“SPMs”) are provided comprising open cell foams in unlimited sizes and shapes. These SPMs exhibit minimal shrinkage and cracking. Processes for preparing SPMs are also provided that do not require supercritical extraction. These processes comprise sol-gel polymerization of a hydroxylated aromatic in the presence of at least one suitable electrophilic linking agent and at least one suitable solvent capable of strengthening the sol-gel. Also disclosed are the carbonized derivatives of the organic SPMs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing spherical activated carbon, wherein polymer globules, which comprise thermally decomposing chemical groups, are carbonized. It is characterized by that during the carbonization, a supplier of free radicals is added to the polymer globules, the supplier of free radicals forming free radicals, which are different from the free radicals that are generated by the decomposition of the chemical groups.

Abstract: A method of forming a microporous carbon material includes combining a carbon precursor in solid form and an activation reagent in solid form to form a mixture, ball milling the mixture to form a composite, and, after ball milling, simultaneously activating and carbonizing the composite to form the microporous carbon material. The microporous carbon material includes a reaction product of the carbon precursor in solid form and the activation reagent in solid form. The microporous carbon material defines a plurality of micropores, a plurality of mesopores, and a plurality of macropores, wherein the plurality of micropores are present in the microporous carbon material in an amount greater than or equal to about 90 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the microporous carbon material. The microporous carbon material has a surface area of from about 1,400 m2/g to about 3,400 m2/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing activated charcoal from lignocellulose-containing material residual solids and uses of the same.

Abstract: A substantially homogeneous composite for making a carbon material includes a carbon precursor and an activation agent that is soluble in a solution including the carbon precursor. An amount of the activation agent used is sufficient to form the carbon material having at least 90% of a total pore volume of the carbon material composed of micropores, and 10% or less of the total pore volume composed of mesopores and macropores.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid heating element and a method for production thereof, and more particularly a solid ingredient A, a liquid ingredient B produced from the solid ingredient A, a liquid heating element produced from the liquid ingredient B and a method for producing the liquid heating element. The solid ingredient is produced by heating activated carbon, kaolin, copper sulfide and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to a temperature ranging from 1,000 to 1,200° C. The liquid ingredient H is produced by mixing the solid ingredient A with silicon powder and distilled water and heating the mixture. The liquid heating element is produced by mixing the liquid ingredient B with ethylene glycol, leaving the mixture and then filtering the mixture. Since the liquid heating element is very stable and generates heat with minimum power consumption, it can be applied to various heat management systems.

Abstract: A process for producing an activated carbon includes the step of adsorbing an organic compound onto an activated carbon comprising pores which exhibit a wide pore diameter distribution, thereby selectively closing smaller pores which have a small pore diameter. In accordance with the production process, it is possible to produce activated carbons which are good in terms of the adsorption-desorption characteristic.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing activated carbon from a particulate coal feedstock that include the introduction of an activation medium such that the water content of the coal feedstock is equal to or greater than that of the feedstock's naturally occurring state. Different methods and system configurations allow the production of activated carbon or other heat-treated carbons while concurrently avoiding adverse reaction conditions.

Abstract: A sorbent structure comprising a continuous activated carbon body in the form of a flow-through substrate; and an additive provided on the flow-through substrate, wherein the additive is capable of enhancing the sorption of CO2 on the sorbent structure. Methods of making the sorbent structure, its use for CO2 capture, and methods for regenerating the structure for further use.

Abstract: A spherical activated carbon is produced from a starting pitch obtainable from a heavy hydrocarbon oil, such as petroleum tar, coal tar or ethylene, through a moderate process. The starting pitch has a softening point of at least 150° C., a toluene-insoluble content of at least 40% and a property of retaining optical isotropy even after being heated at 430° C. for 1 hour. The starting pitch is converted into a porous spherical pitch, which is then infusibilized, carbonized and activated to provide a spherical activated carbon.

Abstract: A method of preparing a mesoporous carbon includes mixing a mesophase pitch, a carbon precursor, an acid, and a solvent to obtain a carbon precursor mixture; impregnating an ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) with the carbon precursor mixture; heat-treating and carbonizing the impregnated OMS to form an OMS-carbon composite; and removing the OMS from the OMS-carbon composite. The mesoporous carbon uses the mesophase pitch and the carbon precursor to reduce sheet resistance, and thus can efficiently transfer electric energy. Such mesoporous carbon can be used as a conductive material of electrodes for fuel cells. When the mesoporous carbon is used as a support for catalysts of electrodes, a supported catalyst containing the support can be used to manufacture a fuel cell having high efficiency.

Abstract: A vertical multi-stage fluidized bed apparatus including a plurality of horizontal perforated partitioning plates disposed therein so as to partition the apparatus is provided, wherein an upper horizontal perforated partitioning plate is set to have a larger aperture rate than a lower horizontal perforated partitioning plate. From a lower part of the apparatus, feed carbon and fluidizing gas are continuously supplied so as to provide a gas superficial velocity in the fluidized bed which is 2-4 times a minimum fluidizing velocity of the feed carbon, thereby subjecting the feed carbon to fluidization with the fluidizing gas and activation with steam at 750-950° C. simultaneously to discharge activated carbon continuously from an upper part of the apparatus. As a result, activated carbon of even a high degree of activation is produced at a high yield comparable to that obtained in a batchwise operation.

Abstract: A method of producing a multi-modal pore distribution activated carbon is provided herein by preparing a solution comprising a polymer precursor, mixing an additional material with the polymer precursor in the solution, cross-linking the polymer precursor with the additional material mixed therein, carbonizing the mixture of the polymer precursor and the additional material, and activating the carbonized mixture to form a multi-modal pore distribution activated carbon. The multi-modal pore distribution activated carbon can include pores less than 20 ? and greater than 30 ? or 500 ? depending upon the sorption properties desired, wherein the pore distribution of the activated carbon can be tailored to provide predetermined kinetics and/or gaseous constituent equilibrium isotherms.

Abstract: This invention relates to adsorbents useful for storing hydrogen and other small molecules, and to methods for preparing such adsorbents. The adsorbents are produced by heating carbonaceous materials to a temperature of at least 900° C. in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Abstract: Carbon cryogels, methods for making the carbon cryogels, methods for storing a gas using the carbon cryogels, and devices for storing and delivering a gas using the carbon cryogels.

Abstract: A carbon fiber having a total content of Li, Na, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni and Co metal elements of no more than 50 ppm and a fiber diameter of 0.001 to 2 ?m and not branched and a assembly of a plurality of the carbon fibers.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a product of activated carbon fiber supporting silver has the steps of: a) Impregnate activated carbon fibers in a silver acetate solution under a vacuum condition for a predetermined time to deposit silver on surfaces of the activated carbon fibers via a chemical reaction. And then, dry the activated carbon fibers to remove water therein. b) Heat the activated carbon fibers in a stove filled with protective gas to break the silver on the activated carbon fibers into very fine grains, and c) wash the activated carbon fibers to remove redundant sliver from the surfaces of the activated carbon fibers.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adsorbent comprising calcined coke with a BET surface area of 20 m2/g or less which is obtained by calcining a particular carbonaceous material at 1000 to 1500° C. and which is preferably obtained by calcining coal coke, petroleum coke or charcoal coke at 1000 to 1500° C. The adsorbent of the present invention exhibits adequate adsorbent ability with respect to an oil component in oil-containing wastewater even when the oil-containing wastewater is an emulsion or contains a low concentration of the oil component, and also stably maintains the adsorbent ability over a long period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing granular, particularly spherical activated carbon by carbonization of suitable carbonaceous polymers in the form of polymer granules, in particular polymer spherules, as a starting material, which are convertible by carbonization into carbon at least essentially, wherein the polymer granules, in particular the polymer spherules, are continuously moved through a carbonization apparatus comprising a plurality of temperature zones and/or a temperature gradient so that an at least essentially complete conversion of the starting material to carbon is effected.

Abstract: An adsorbent for oral administration, characterized by comprising a surface-modified spherical activated carbon, having a diameter of 0.01 to 1 mm, a specific surface area determined by Langmuir's adsorption equation of 1000 m2/g or more, a total amount of acidic groups of 0.40 to 1.00 meq/g, a total amount of basic groups of 0.40 to 1.10 meq/g, and a diffraction intensity ratio, an R value, determined by equation (1) of 1.4 or more. The adsorbents for oral administration exhibit a useful selective adsorbability; that is, a lesser adsorbability of useful substances, and a greater adsorbability of toxic substances, in a body.

Abstract: Provided is a production process for a carbonized product characterized by comprising the following steps (a) to (b): (a) a step in which metal-made or ceramic-made plural granular matters are charged into a heat treating apparatus which is maintained at a temperature of 400° C. or higher and 700° C. or lower and allowed to move therein and in which a carbonized product precursor is fed into the above apparatus and subjected to heat treatment, whereby the carbonized product is adhered on the surface of the above granular matters and (b) a step in which the carbonized product adhered on the surface of the granular matters is heated at a higher temperature than the heat treating temperature in the step (a) and 900° C. or lower, whereby the carbonized product is separated from the granular matters. The present invention provides a production process for an inexpensive and useful carbonized product by simple apparatus and steps.

Abstract: Organic, small pore area materials (“SPMs”) are provided comprising open cell foams in unlimited sizes and shapes. These SPMs exhibit minimal shrinkage and cracking. Processes for preparing SPMs are also provided that do not require supercritical extraction. These processes comprise sol-gel polymerization of a hydroxylated aromatic in the presence of at least one suitable electrophilic linking agent and at least one suitable solvent capable of strengthening the sol-gel. Also disclosed are the carbonized derivatives of the organic SPMs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fibrous activated carbon wherein fine pores in the surface of the activated carbon have diameters of 0.1-200 nm and the activated carbon is in the form of fiber having a fiber diameter of not more than 1000 nm.

Abstract: Processes for the synthesis of high specific surface area nanoporous carbons by reacting select carbides with one or more halogens to produce compositions comprising carbon and halogens and contacting the reacted carbides with a species capable of removing the halogen are provided. Methods for removing halogen impurities from carbon compositions having pores and for modifying the surface terminations of carbon compositions having pores are also provided.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is removed from flows of material by means of adsorption to a adsorption mass containing copper, zinc, and zirconium.

Abstract: An activated carbon-containing sorbent is capable of selectively removing one or more selected gaseous components from a gas. The activated carbon-containing sorbent can be incorporated in a smoking article to remove one or more selected components from mainstream smoke. The activated carbon-containing sorbent can be a composite including one or more molecular sieve materials. Methods of making the activated carbon-containing sorbent, cigarette filters and smoking articles including the activated carbon-containing sorbent, as well as methods for smoking a cigarette comprising the activated carbon-containing sorbent, are provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an activated carbon fiber product comprising the steps of (a) providing an oxidized fiber product, and (b) activating the oxidized fiber product in the presence of a chemical reagent selected from a group consisting of an acid, an ammonium salt, a metallic compound, and a combination thereof. The method provides an activated carbon fiber product with a high specific surface at a relatively low temperature. The method especially provides an activated carbon fabric suitable for use as an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition is disclosed, which includes an activated carbon and a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is prepared by immersing an activated carbon in an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is used for purifying aqueous solutions by providing a bed of the activated carbon composition and passing the aqueous solution through the bed of the activated carbon composition. The aqueous solution is passed through the bed such that the flow of the aqueous solution to be purified into the bed and the flow of purified aqueous solution from the bed has a pH differential less than ±1 pH.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a mesoporous carbon molecular sieve, which can be used as a catalyst carrier capable of improving the activity of a supported catalyst and a method of preparing the same. Additionally, the invention is related to a supported catalyst employing the mesoporous carbon molecular sieve as a carrier, and a fuel cell employing the supported catalyst. The mesoporous carbon molecular sieve has an average primary particle size of less than about 500 nm, an average mesopore size in the range of about 3 nm to about 6 nm, and a surface area in the range of about 500 m2/g to about 2000 m2/g.

Abstract: Activated carbon adapted for electric double layer capacitors is provided, which capacitors can give a large power density per unit volume and which capacitors, even when charge-and-discharge cycle is repeated under a large current or a constant voltage is continuously applied for a long time, undergo less decrease in output density. That is, the present invention relates to the activated carbon manufactured by carbonization of coconut shell, which has a BET specific surface area of 2000 m2/g to 2500 m2/g, an average pore diameter of 1.95 nm (19.5 ?) to 2.20 nm (22 ?) and a pore volume of pores having a pore diameter calculated according to a Cranston-Inkley method of 5.0 nm (50 ?) to 30.0 nm (300 ?), of 0.05 cm3/g to 0.15 cm3/g.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof. Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: A system and method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of graphite nano-filaments randomly disposed in three-dimensional reticulated aerogel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing shaped, activated charcoal. According to the method, after being ground, carbon-bearing material, or a mixture of several carbon-bearing materials are rendered homogenous with a binding agent which contains water, or a mixture of several binding agents, at least one of which contains water. The mixture of carbon-bearing material and binding agent is then formed into shaped bodies. According to the invention, in order to consolidate the grain formation, these are dried until they exhibit a maximum total water content of 3% by wt. in relation to the shaped body. The shaped bodies which have been formed and dried in this manner are then subjected to a carbonization and subsequently a gas activation process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for charcoal production and activation, wherein a multipurpose furnace system is utilized to manufacture high grade charcoal from hardwood starting materials, which, in turn, promotes the manufacture of activated charcoal, while providing a viable and significant cost saving alternative to ongoing, intensive worldwide, efforts to increase yield and quality of charcoal product.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composite material comprising activated carbon and expanded graphite. The material is a block wherein the activated carbon is homogeneously and uniformly distributed in the form of microporous particles. The texture of said particles is characterised by a microporous volume W0 ranging between 0.1 cm3g−1 and 1.5 cm3g−1 and a mean pore dimension L0 ranging between 2 Å and 30 Å, the activated carbon particles have substantially the same texture wherever they are located in the composite material, the thermal conductivity levels of the material range between 1 and 100 Wm−1K−1. Said material is obtained by heat treatment of a mixture of expanded graphite and an activated carbon precursor in the presence of an activating agent at a temperature and for a time interval sufficient to obtain a wear rate of the activated carbon precursor ranging between 5 and 70% by mass.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: Trace impurities such as organic compounds and carbon monoxide in reactive fluids such as ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and chlorine are reduced to sub-ppb levels using gas purifying systems that contain a preconditioned ultra-low emission (P-ULE) carbon. P-ULE is capable of removing impurities from a reactive fluid down to parts-per-billion (ppb) and sub-ppb levels without concurrently emitting other impurities such as moisture or carbon dioxide into the purified reactive fluid. The P-ULE carbon is prepared by heating a carbon material to temperatures from 300° C. to about 800° C. in an ultra-dry, inert gas stream, to produce an ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material, subjecting the ULE carbon to a second activation process under a reactive gas atmosphere to produce a P-ULE carbon and storing the P-ULE carbon in an environment that minimizes contamination of the P-ULE prior to its use in a gas purifier system.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide and water adsorbent comprises a carbonized and activated precursor material having first functional sites that adsorb carbon dioxide and second functional sites that adsorb water independently of the first functional sites. The adsorbent is characterized by a total pore volume of between about 1.50 to 2.50 cm3/g, a median pore diameter between about 0.5 to 1.2 nm, and a BET surface area between about 2000 to 2500 m2/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a waste carbonization method which produces charcoal and/or activated carbon from solid wastes, such as wood waste, and renders produced gas completely harmless. Solid wastes B are exposed to gas generated in pyrolysis gasification of other wastes A in a gasification furnace 1 to produce charcoal and/or activated carbon from the solid wastes B.

Abstract: An oxygen storage adsorbent at cryogenic temperatures that will remove carbon dioxide and water comprises a carbonized precursor material having functional sites that adsorb and store oxygen and that evolve oxygen upon adsorbing carbon dioxide and water. The adsorbent is characterized by a total pore volume of between about 0.5 to 0.6 cm3/g, a median pore diameter between about 0.42 to 0.46 nm, and a BET surface area between about 1000 to 1200 m2/g.