Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of constructing liquid bridges and methods of forming predetermined combinations of samples using liquid bridges.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to droplet libraries and to systems and methods for the formation of libraries of droplets. The present invention also relates to methods utilizing these droplet libraries in various biological, chemical, or diagnostic assays.

Abstract: Arrays and methods of making an array are described. A plurality of beads, each bead comprising a group of compounds, each compound of said group attached to a bead through a photocleavable linker are brought in proximity (or contact) with another surface, and exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Illuminating the beads with radiation causes at least a portion of the compounds to be photocleaved from the beads and transferred to the surface to form a plurality of transferred groups of compounds on said surface, at least a portion of which is positioned in different locations on said surface.

Abstract: Monovalent compounds having moieties comprising at least one amino acid side chain are bound to a core molecule, which also comprises a nucleophilic moiety bound to said core molecule. Monovalent compounds also comprise a macrocyclic ring, a nucleophilic moiety, and a spacer group. Monovalent compounds may be combined into bivalent and trivalent compounds, some of which may have a labeling tag. Methods of production of bivalent compounds and contemplated uses thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: A fluidic device, the fluidic device comprising a planar fluidic conduit for conducting a fluid, wherein the fluidic conduit has a plurality of fluidic disturbance features located along at least a section of the fluidic conduit for disturbing a laminar flow of the fluid along the section.

Abstract: A method for determining storage stability for a plurality of fluid lubricant samples of different compositions is provided. Each sample includes one or more lubricating oil additives, or a combination of one or more lubricant base oils and one or more lubricating oil additives. The methods can advantageously be optimized using combinatorial chemistry, in which a database of combinations of lubricating oil additives or lubricating oil compositions containing such additives are generated. As market conditions vary and/or product requirements or customer specifications change, conditions suitable for forming desired products can be identified with little or no downtime.

Abstract: The present invention provides massively parallel oligonucleotide synthesis and purification for applications that utilize large collections of defined high-fidelity oligonucleotides (e.g., from about 101 to about 105 different sequences, generally between 25-160 bases in length).

Abstract: Method for monitoring and controlling a combinatorial process are presenting including: receiving a substrate; executing the combinatorial process, wherein the combinatorial process includes an in-line chemical preparation; analyzing the in-line chemical preparation for conformance with a corresponding in-line chemical preparation parameter using an in-line chemical analysis; and if the in-line chemical preparation is out of conformance with the corresponding in-line chemical preparation parameter, adjusting the in-line chemical preparation to conform with the corresponding in-line chemical preparation parameter utilizing a replenishing chemical preparation. In some embodiments, methods further include: performing a post-chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) clean before executing the combinatorial process, wherein the combinatorial process is a pre-clean; and depositing a capping layer after the pre-clean.

Abstract: This invention provides method and apparatus for performing chemical and biochemical reactions in solution using in situ generated photo-products as reagent or co-reagent. In particular, the present invention provides methods and devices for generating a photogenerated reaction in solution on a substrate comprising generating a light beam using an optical device system comprising a light source and a computer-controlled spatial optical modulator comprising a digital micromirror device and using the spatial optical modulator to direct light to fluidly isolated reaction sites under conditions such that a photogenerated reaction takes place. The method and apparatus of the present invention have applications in parallel synthesis of molecular sequence arrays on solid surfaces.

Abstract: A body 300 having a cavity 310 for mounting a substrate 120 fabricated with probe sequences at known locations according to the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,854 and PCT WO 92/10092 or others, is provided. The cavity includes inlets 350 and 360 for introducing selected fluids into the cavity to contact the probes. Accordingly, a commercially feasible device for use in high throughput assay systems is provided.

Abstract: A microarray, a substrate for a microarray and more productive methods of fabricating the microarray and the substrate are provided. The microarray includes a substrate divided into a first region and a second region; a plurality of linkers represented by formula 1 or 2: wherein X is a site coupled to the substrate, R is a hydroxyl, aldehyde, carboxyl, amino, amide, thiol, halo, epoxy, or sulfonate group, m is an integer in the range of 3 to 16, p is an integer in the range of 1 to 30, and q is an integer in the range of 1 to 15, directly coupled to the substrate in the first region but not coupled to the substrate in the second region; and a plurality of probes coupled to the respective linkers.

Abstract: The present invention provides labeling reagents and methods for labeling primary antibodies and for detecting a target in a sample using an immuno-labeled complex that comprises a target-binding antibody and one or more labeling reagents. The labeling reagents comprise monovalent antibody fragments or non-antibody monomeric proteins whereby the labeling proteins have affinity for a specific region of the target-binding antibody and are covalently attached to a label. Typically, the labeling reagent is an anti-Fc Fab or Fab? fragment that was generated by immunizing a goat or rabbit with the Fc fragment of an antibody.

Abstract: A nucleosome-based biosensor can detect events of transcriptional activity. The biosensor includes a nucleosome-forming DNA that contains at least one nuclear responsive DNA sequence; a core histone octamer and at least two labels. In one version, the two labels are placed on the DNA. In another version, one of the labels is attached to the DNA, while the other to the core histone octamer. The sensor function is effected by measuring an emission signal, associated with the labels, which is sensitive to whether the nucleosome-forming DNA is or is not in nucleosomal configuration. The biosensor finds application, for example, in high-throughput screening for ligands to known and orphan nuclear receptors, respectively.

Abstract: This invention provides method and apparatus for performing chemical and biochemical reactions in solution using in situ generated photo-products as reagent or co-reagent. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods and devices for generating one or more selected multimers at specific reaction sites on a substrate comprising contacting the substrate with a liquid solution comprising photo-reagent precursors, isolating the reaction sites, selectively irradiating the reaction sites with a digital micromirror device, and contacting the substrate with monomers. The method and apparatus of the present invention have applications in parallel synthesis of molecular sequence arrays on solid surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, reagents, and substrates that can be used for, for example, immobilizing biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to surfaces coated with a polymer according to the present invention. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to methods for thermochemically and/or photochemically attaching molecules to a surface at a high density.

Abstract: There is provided a process for removing metal from solution wherein a solution comprising a metal is contacted with a scavenger support, whereby the scavenger support binds to at least some of the metal in solution thereby decreasing the amount of metal in solution, characterised in that the scavenger support comprises a functionalised support comprising pendant groups selected from 1,3-ketoesters or 1,3-ketoamides or mixtures thereof attached to a support wherein a number of the pendant groups are reacted with an amine. Scavenger supports comprising a functionalised support comprising pendant 1,3-ketoester or 1,3-ketoamide groups of formula 1: wherein R1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, perhalogenated hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl group; X is O or NR2, wherein the free valence of O or NR2 is bonded to a support optionally via a linker; and R2 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclyl group, wherein a number of the pendant groups are reacted with an amine are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for high-throughput combinatorial synthesis of organic molecules including a reaction vessel for containing a combinatorial chemistry synthetic reaction, a liquid dispenser for dispensing the liquid, a liquid aspirator and an adjustment mechanism. The reaction vessel includes an ingress aperture allowing a liquid to enter into an interior of the vessel and an egress aperture for aspirating the liquid from the vessel. The liquid dispenser dispenses liquid through the ingress aperture. The liquid aspirator aspirates liquid through the egress aperture and includes a rotor for carrying the vessel and orbiting the vessel about an axis of rotation. The rotor is oriented generally in a horizontal plane and includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angle of the vessel relative to the horizontal plane in response to the centrifugal force generated by orbiting the vessel about the axis or rotation. A method of combinatorial synthesis of organic molecules is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high throughput preparation of a plurality of different lubricating oil compositions for combinatorial libraries and subsequent high throughput screening for lubricant performance is provided. The methods can advantageously be optimized using combinatorial chemistry, in which a database of combinations of lubricating oil compositions are generated. As market conditions vary and/or product requirements or customer specifications change, conditions suitable for forming desired products can be identified with little or no downtime.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for rapid solution synthesis of a peptide, the process comprising repetitive cycles of steps (a)-(d): (a) a coupling step, using an excess of an activated carboxylic component to acylate an amino component, (b) a quenching step in which a scavenger is used to remove residual activated carboxylic functions, wherein the scavenger may also be used for deprotection of the growing peptide, (c) one or more aqueous extractions and optionally, (d) a separate deprotection step, followed by one or more aqueous extractions, characterised in that the process comprises at least one step (b), referred to as step (b?), in which an amine or a thiol comprising a free anion or a latent anion is used as a scavenger of residual activated carboxylic functions. During the process of this invention the growing peptide need not be isolated until the final peptide sequence has been obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hybridization method suited for using a signal probe. An array of the present invention comprises: a substrate; a nucleic acid probe that is fixed to the substrate and is hybridized with a sample to have a signal change; and at least one cavity that is filled with a specific liquid containing the sample and causing the hybridization of the nucleic acid probe with the sample. The array in this arrangement effectively enhances the reproducibility and the efficiency of hybridization with the signal probe.