Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having a sulfated ash content of no more than 1.0 mass %, which contain a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of calcium salicylate detergent, an amount of a magnesium-based detergent providing at least 200 ppm of magnesium, and a basic, low molecular weight, nitrogen-containing dispersant, which compositions provide improved top ring wear protection in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A lubricant oil detergent and a producing process thereof are disclosed. A process for producing a lubricant oil additive having a TBN from about 100 to about 400 includes reacting, at an elevated temperature, of composition (A) an alkyl salicylic acid or an alkyl salicylate ester, composition (B) an alkaline earth metal hydroxide added by one time or plural times during the reaction; composition (C) which contains at least one compound which is (i) an alcohol, or (ii) an carboxylic acid or an carboxylic anhydride; composition (D) base oil; and composition (E) carbon dioxide introduced after the composition (B) by one time, or introduced each time when the composition (B) is added if the composition (B) is added by plural times; solvent having a low boiling point is removed from the reacted mixture after the overbasing under vacuum, and the reacted mixture is filtered to obtain a clear liquid product.

Abstract: Trunk piston marine engine lubrication, when the engine is fueled by heavy fuel oil, is effected by a composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity containing at least 50 mass % of a Group II basestock, and respective minor amounts of an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent other than such a detergent having a basicity index of less than two and a degree of carbonation of 80% or greater and 5 to 500 mass %, based on the mass of the detergent, of an oil-soluble alkyl-substituted phenol other than a hindered phenol. Asphaltene precipitation in the lubricant, caused by the presence of contaminant heavy fuel oil, is prevented or inhibited.

Abstract: A method of improving the compatibility of an overbased detergent with other additives in a lubricating oil composition. The method includes the step of the using a detergent have a degree of carbonation of greater than 85%.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lubricating oil for use in engines subjected to sustained severe load conditions, said lubricating oil comprising a base oil, and an additive package comprising one or more neutral/low TBN or a mixture of neutral/low TBN, and overbased/high TBN alkali or alkaline earth metal alkyl sulfonates, alkyl phenates, alkyl salicylates, an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of glycerine derivatives comprising glycerine grafted with a hindered phenol, hindered phenolic containing a thioether group, and mixtures thereof, optionally an additional conventional antioxidant and/or an organomolybdenum compound, and other additives, and to a method for enhancing the deposit formation resistance of a lubricating oil used in engines operated under sustained severe load comprising the addition to the lubricant of the aforesaid additive package.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine, or a driveline device.

Abstract: A sulfur-free metal or ammonium salt compound, a method of making the compound, and a lubricant additive concentrate, and lubricant composition containing the compound. The compound is made by reacting a phenolic compound reacted with an aldehyde and an amine, with a compound selected from the group consisting of an acylating agent and an electrophilic compound.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless thiocarbamate compound having an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl group on an S-atom and an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl group on an N-atom. The invention further relates to a method of the lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricating composition.

Abstract: A sump-lubricated, spark-ignited engine is lubricated by supplying thereto a lubricant which comprises (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a polyether; and (c) a metal-containing detergent. The lubricant has a total phosphorus content of less than 0.075 percent by weight.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for improving the fuel efficiency of engine oil compositions by reducing the traction coefficient of the oil by formulating the oil using a blend of one or more first base stock(s) selected from Group II base stock, Group III base stock and Group IV base stock and a second base stock selected from polyisobutylene (PIB) and, preferably, additized with a detergent.

Abstract: Trunk piston marine engine lubrication, when the engine is fueled by heavy fuel oil, is effected by a composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of one or more phenolic compounds comprising distilled cashew nut shell liquid or hydrogenated distilled cashew nut shell liquid. Asphaltene precipitation in the lubricant, caused by the presence of contaminant heavy fuel oil, is prevented or inhibited.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for improving the fuel efficiency of engine oil compositions for large low, medium and high speed engines by reducing the traction coefficient of the oil by formulating the oil using at least two base stocks of different kinematic viscosity wherein the differences in kinematic viscosity between the base stocks is at least 30 mm2/s, and additizing the composition with one or more detergents.

Abstract: A lubricant composition. The lubricant composition includes (a) a phenate, a sulfonate, or both; and (b) a base composition wherein the base composition is (i) a metal carbonate and a metal sulfate, (ii) a metal sulfate and a metal phosphate; (iii) a metal sulfate and a metal carboxylate; (iv) a metal phosphate and a metal carboxylate; or (v) three-way or four-way combination of a metal sulfate, a metal carboxylate, a metal phosphate, and a metal carbonate; and (c) a lubricating oil or a grease.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a compound obtained/obtainable by a process comprising reacting a glycolic acid, a 2-halo-acetic acid, or a lactic acid, or an alkali or alkaline metal salts thereof, (typically glycolic acid or a 2-halo-acetic acid) with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an amine, an alcohol, and an aminoalcohol. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A grease composition containing: (a) the reaction product of: (i) a calcium containing overbased organic acid; and (ii) at least one acid producing compound or derivatives thereof selected from the group consisting of: (1) a non-polymeric hydrocarbyl substituted dicarbonyl derivative selected from the group consisting of an acid, an ester, a salt, an anhydride, ester-acid, acid-salt and mixtures thereof; (2) a copolymer derived from monomers containing (1) an olefin; and (2) an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof; and (3) an inorganic acid containing about 2 or more acidic hydrogens; and (b) an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the overbased calcium sulphonate contains colloidally dispersed calcium carbonate is selected from the group consisting of calcite, vaterite and mixtures thereof. The invention further relates to the process to make the composition and its use in greases to increase water resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a compound obtained/obtainable by a process comprising reacting a glycolic acid, a 2-halo-acetic acid, or a lactic acid, or an alkali or alkaline metal salts thereof, (typically glycolic acid or a 2-halo-acetic acid) with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an amine, an alcohol, and an aminoalcohol. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a compound obtained/obtainable by a process comprising reacting a glycolic acid, a 2-halo-acetic acid, or a lactic acid, or an alkali or alkaline metal salts thereof, (typically glycolic acid or a 2-halo-acetic acid) with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an amine, an alcohol, and an aminoalcohol. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, more specifically a lubricating oil composition for heavy duty diesel (HDD) engines having a sulfated ash content of no greater than 1.0 mass %, such as from about 0.7 to 1.0 mass %, a sulfur content of no greater than 0.4 mass %, and a phosphorus content of no greater than 0.12 mass % (1200 ppm), such as from about 0.08 to 0.12 mass %; and a TBN of from about 7 to about 15, which lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, at least about 0.5 mass % of an ashless antioxidant selected from sulfur-free phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, and mixtures thereof, and a minor amount of overbased metal detergent, wherein at least about 60% of the TBN contributed to the lubricating oil composition by overbased detergent is contributed by overbased magnesium detergent.

Abstract: Lubricant oil and grease composition containing an additive package comprising wear-resistant additives in the form of nanoparticles, wherein the additives are a carbonate selected from the group consisting of a carbonate of a Group 1a alkali metal and a carbonate of a Group 2a alkaline earth metal, a sulfate of a Group 1a alkali metal or a Group 2a alkaline earth metal, a phosphate of a Group 1a alkali metal or Group 2a alkaline earth metal, a carboxylate of a Group 1a alkali metal and a carbonate of a Group 2a alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A lubricant composition including: (A) greater than 50 wt % of a base stock based on the total weight of the composition selected from the group consisting of that of a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, and a combination thereof; and (B) one or more additional components. The one or more additional components are selected from the group consisting of: (i) one or more high or medium base carboxylate detergents; (ii) one or more low base carboxylate detergents, wherein the low base carboxylate detergent is present at a level of 0.60 wt % or less based on the total weight of the composition; (iii) one or more low base carboxylate detergents and one or more aromatics-containing base stock(s); and (iv) one or more phenolic detergents.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing a neutral or an overbased detergent, the process by: reacting (a) a pre-prepared suspension comprising (i) a metal base with a mean particle size of 10 micrometers or less; (ii) a surfactant; and (iii) an organic medium in which the metal base is suspended typically by a physical process. An overbased detergent may be formed with a further reaction with acidifying overbasing agent. The invention further provides a lubricant composition containing said neutral and overbased detergent.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine crankcase lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of not greater than 0.08 mass % and a metal detergent additive system comprising a calcium salicylate and a magnesium salicylate and having a mass ratio of magnesium atoms to calcium atoms of greater than one.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing an unsulfurized, carboxylate-containing additive for lubricating oils and the product produced by said method, wherein said method comprises a) neutralization of a mixture of at least two alkyl phenols using an alkaline earth base in the presence of a promoter, to produce a mixture of alkyl phenates, wherein the mixture of at least two alkyl phenols comprises at least a first alkyl phenol wherein the alkyl group is derived from an isomerized alpha olefin and a second alkyl phenol wherein the alkyl group is derived from a branched chain olefin; (b) carboxylation of the mixture of alkyl phenates obtained in step (a) using carbon dioxide under carboxylation conditions sufficient to convert at least 20 mole % of the starting alkyl phenols to alkyl salicylate; and (c) removal of at least about 10% of the starting mixture of at least two alkyl phenols from the product produced in step (b) to produce said additive.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and methods of operating an internal combustion engine to provide improved engine operation. The lubricating composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity; and a minor amount of at least one highly grafted, multi-functional olefin copolymer made by reacting an acylating agent with an olefin copolymer having a number average molecular weight greater than about 10,000 up to about 50,000 in the presence of a free radical initiator to provide an acylated olefin copolymer having a degree of grafting (DOG) of the acylating agent on the olefin copolymer of from above about 1.5 to about 3.0 wt. %. The acylated olefin copolymer is then reacted with an amine to provide the highly grafted, multi-functional olefin copolymer.

Abstract: The invention provides lubricant compositions for diesel engines having a regenerative DPF, which prolong life of the DPF by inhibiting accumulation of components depositable on DPF inner walls, diesel engine systems having a regenerative DPF with prolonged life, and a method for inhibiting accumulation of components depositing on the DPF in the system. The present composition is for diesel engines having a regenerative DPF and running on diesel fuel with <10 mass ppm sulfur, contains a base oil and additives including (A) metal detergent, (B) ashless dispersant, and (C) phosphorus-based anti-wear agent, and satisfies the conditions of a sulfated ash content of 0.4-2 mass %, an atomic ratio of metal from component (A) to the total phosphorus of 0.2-3, an atomic ratio of the total boron to metal from component (A) of 0.2-2, and an atomic ratio of the total sulfur to metal from component (A) of 0-4.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and methods of operating an internal combustion engine to provide improved engine operation. The lubricating composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one olefin copolymer having a number average molecular weight greater than about 10,000 up to about 300,000. The olefin copolymer is grafted with (A) a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound, and (B) a compound selected from the group consisting of a C5-C30 olefin, a polyalkylene compound, and mixtures thereof. A mole ratio of A/B in the reaction mixture ranges from about 0.25:1 to about 5:1. The lubricating composition optionally includes a minor amount of at least one non-grafted olefin copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, methacrylate copolymer, or styrene butadiene copolymer have number average molecular weight greater than about 50,000 up to about 300,000.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a compound obtained/obtainable by a process comprising reacting a glycolic acid, a 2-halo-acetic acid, or a lactic acid, or an alkali or alkaline metal salts thereof, (typically glycolic acid or a 2-halo-acetic acid) with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an amine, an alcohol, and an aminoalcohol. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A dispersant additive composition, a lubricant composition containing the dispersant additive, a transmission containing the dispersant additive, and a method of providing a versatile lubricating fluid. The dispersant includes a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine. The reaction product has a nitrogen content up to 10,000 ppm by weight, and a boron plus phosphorus to nitrogen ((B+P)/N) weight ratio of from 0:1 to about 0.8:1. The dispersant additive composition is effective to provide an electrical conductivity to a lubricant composition containing the dispersant additive composition and a metal detergent of less than about 1700 pS/m.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, a marine system oil composition is provided for lubrication of mechanical components in marine engines, for example, two-stroke, cross-head marine diesel engines and methods/additives for using the marine system oil composition in the same. In one aspect of the present invention, a marine system oil composition is provided that has salt of a carboxylate-containing detergent comprising at least one alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid, wherein at least 50 mole % of, the alkyl groups are C20 or greater.

Abstract: A method of lubricating a cylinder liner and a crankcase in a marine diesel crosshead engine with the same lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition has a TBN, as measured using ASTM D 2896-98, of 10 to 55 mg KOH/g. The lubricating oil composition comprises: at least 40 mass % of an oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent; at least one dispersant; and at least one anti-wear additive.

Abstract: A low sulfated ash, tow sulfur, low phosphorus, low zinc lubricating, oil composition preferably employable for internal combustion engines using a low sulfur hydrocarbon fuel comprises a base oil having a saturated component of 85 wt. % or more, a viscosity index of 110 or more, and a sulfur content of 0.01 wt. % or less; an alkaline earth metal-containing detergent; a nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant of a weight average molecular weight of 4,500 or more; a phenolic or amine oxidation inhibitor; and a basic nitrogen-containing compound-oxymolybdenum complex.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission contains at a specific content: (A) a mineral oil or PAO having a sulfur content of 0.03 mass % or less and a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. from 1.5 mm2/s to 3 mm2/s; (B) a mineral oil or PAO having a sulfur content of 0.03 mass % or less and a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. from 5.5 mm2/s to 8 mm2/s; (C) PAO having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. from 30 mm2/s to 400 mm2/s; and (D) a polymethacrylate having a mass average molecular weight of 10000 to 40000, in which the total content of the components (C) and (D) is 19 mass % or more and the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. from 5.5 mm2/s to 6.5 mm2/s and a kinematic viscosity at ?20 degrees C. of 680 mm2/s or less.

Abstract: A lubricant additive gel formed by the gellation of two or more lubricant additives for the slow release of the additive components into a fluid. The lubricant additive gel slowly releases into its component lubricant additives when contacted with the fluid such as an oil thereby serving as a lubricant fluid such as an oil thereby.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a compound obtained/obtainable by a process comprising reacting a glycolic acid, a 2-halo-acetic acid, or a lactic acid, or an alkali or alkaline metal salts thereof, (typically glycolic acid or a 2-halo-acetic acid) with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an amine, an alcohol, and an aminoalcohol. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A low sulphated ash lubricating oil composition comprises an ashless aromatic amine antioxidant and an overbased magnesium detergent which exhibits improved thermal oxidation stability.

Abstract: Trunk piston marine engine lubrication, when the engine is fueled by heavy fuel oil, is effected by a composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of one or more phenolic compounds comprising distilled cashew nut shell liquid or hydrogenated distilled cashew nut shell liquid. Asphaltene precipitation in the lubricant, caused by the presence of contaminant heavy fuel oil, is prevented or inhibited.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition is disclosed which comprises (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, and (b) an oil-soluble tetra-functional hydrolyzable silane compound of the general formula Si—X4 or a hydrolysis product thereof, wherein each X is independently a hydroxyl-containing group, hydrocarbyloxy-containing group, acyloxy-containing group, amino-containing group, monoalkyl amino-containing group or a dialkyl amino-containing group, and further wherein the lubricating oil composition is free of any zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a product obtainable from a 1,4-conjugate addition of an aminocarboxylic acid to an activated olefin. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine by lubricating the engine with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the product disclosed herein as a lead corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: Trunk piston marine engine lubrication, when the engine is fueled by heavy fuel oil, is effected by a composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity containing at least 50 mass % of a basestock containing greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulphur or a mixture thereof, and respective minor amounts of an over-based metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent other than such a detergent having a basicity index of less than two and a degree of carbonation of 80% or greater and 5 to 500 mass %, based on the mass of detergent, of an oil-soluble alkyl-substituted substituted phenol other than a hindered phenol. Asphaltene precipitation in the lubricant, caused by the presence of contaminant heavy fuel oil, is prevented or inhibited.

Abstract: Trunk piston marine engine lubrication, when the engine is fueled by heavy fuel oil, is effected by a composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity containing at least 50 mass % of a Group II basestock, and respective minor amounts of an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent other than such a detergent having a basicity index of less than two and a degree of carbonation of 80% or greater and at least 1 mass % of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid, anhydride, ester or amide thereof. Asphaltene precipitation in the lubricant, caused by the presence of contaminant heavy fuel oil, is prevented or inhibited.

Abstract: A trunk piston marine engine lubricating oil composition for a medium-speed compression-ignited marine engine comprises, in a major amount, an oil of lubricating viscosity containing 50 mass % or more of a Group II basestock, and, in respective minor amounts, (A) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of 5.5 or greater, and (B) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of 2 or less. The ratio of the mass of metal in detergent (A) to the mass of metal in detergent (B) is 10 or less.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for a heavy duty diesel engine comprises a base oil, at least 0.6 mass % of an ash-free antioxidant and an overbased magnesium-containing detergent. The detergent provides greater than 0.05 mass % Mg based on the mass of the composition. Bore polishing in the engine is reduced for a given level of exhaust gas ash production.

Abstract: A lubricant additive gel formed by the gellation of two or more lubricant additives for the slow release of the additive components into a fluid. The lubricant additive gel slowly releases into its component lubricant additives when contacted with the fluid such as an oil thereby serving as a lubricant fluid such as an oil thereby.

Abstract: A trunk piston marine engine lubricating oil composition for a medium-speed compression-ignited marine engine comprises, in a major amount, an oil of lubricating viscosity containing 50 mass % or more of a Group II basestock, and, in respective minor amounts, (A) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of 4.5 or less, and (B) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of greater than 4.5. The ratio of detergent (A) to detergent (B), both expressed as mass of active ingredient, is in the range from 0.5 to 15. The trunk piston marine engine lubricating oil composition has a TBN (using ASTM D2896) of 20 to 60.

Abstract: A trunk piston marine engine lubricating oil composition for a medium-speed compression-ignited marine engine comprises, in a major amount, an oil of lubricating viscosity containing 50 mass % or more of a Group II basestock, and, in respective minor amounts, (A) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of 5.5 or greater, and (B) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index in the range of 2.1 to 5.4. The ratio of the mass of metal in detergent (A) to the mass of metal in detergent (B) is 1 or less. The trunk piston marine engine lubricating oil composition has a TBN (using ASTM D2896) of 20 to 60.

Abstract: A low SAPS lubricating oil composition exhibiting excellent piston cleanliness having up to 0.3 wt. % sulfur, up to 0.08 wt. % phosphorus, and a sulfated ash content up to 0.80 wt. % comprising an overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkyl salicylate detergent having a low soap content.

Abstract: A process for preparing an overbased alkaline earth metal alkylhydroxybenzoate, said process comprising overbasing an alkaline earth metal alkylhydroxybenzoate or a mixture of alkaline earth metal alkylhydroxybenzoate and up to 50 mole % of alkylphenol, based on the total mixture of alkylhydroxybenzoate and alkylphenol, with a molar excess of alkaline earth metal base and at least one acidic overbasing material in the presence of at least one carboxylic acid having from one to four carbon atoms and a solvent selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoalcohols, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides lubricating oil compositions having excellent anti-wear properties and anti-fatigue properties as well as excellent low temperature fluidity, particularly suitable for automatic transmissions and/or continuously variable transmissions, and internal combustion engines. The compositions comprises (A) a base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 to 8 mm2/s, a pour point of ?15° C. or lower, an aniline point of 100° C. or higher, the saturates of the base oil containing 40 percent by mass or more of paraffins, 25 percent by mass or less of one ring naphthenes, and 35 percent by mass or less of two to six ring naphthenes, as the main component, and (B) 0.005 to 0.4 percent by mass of a metallic detergent, (C) 0.005 to 0.2 percent by mass in terms of nitrogen of a succinimide-type ashless dispersant, (D) 0.005 to 0.2 percent by mass in terms of phosphorus of a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, and (E) 0.

Abstract: An overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of less than 2 and a degree of carbonation of 80% or greater is disclosed. The overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent reduces asphaltene precipitation or ‘black paint’ in a marine diesel engine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for improving the fuel efficiency of large low and medium speed engine oil compositions by reducing the traction coefficient of the oil by formulating the oil using a blend consisting of one or more Group I base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from 2 to less than 12 mm2/s in combination with a Group IV base oil having a kinematic viscosity of at least 38, the difference in kinematic viscosity between the Group I and Group IV oils in the blend being at least 30 mm2/s in combination with a detergent.