Abstract: The present invention relates to nociceptin peptide mimetics that have ?-helical structures and bind to and modulate the opioid receptor-like-1 (ORL-1) receptor. The peptide mimetics are constrained cyclic nociceptin analogs which have either agonist or antagonist activity. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the nociceptin peptide mimetics and methods of treating or preventing a disease or condition ameliorated by modulating the ORL-1 receptor are also described.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a lipophilic derivative of a hydrophilic drug and an amphiphile compound for use in therapy of the human or animal body are provided. Methods of medical treatment, wherein a composition according to the invention is administered to a human or animal body also form part of the invention. It is preferred that the drug is delivered to the brain.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel analogs of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which are agonists for the PACAP/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors: PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. These PACAP analogs can be used as prophylactic/therapeutic agents for a wide range of medical disorders, including (but not limited to) cancer and autoimmune disease. These PACAP analogs can be coupled to suitable radionuclides and used in the localization, diagnosis and treatment of disseminated cancers and metastatic tumors, or coupled to small molecule therapeutics and used as vectors for targeted drug delivery. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions of one or more PACAP-like compounds of the invention either alone or in combination with one or more other prophylactic/therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition which may be ingested orally in a small dose for the purpose of improving brain function, and a method for improving brain function. The present invention is a composition for improving brain function, comprising, as an active ingredient, X-Pro-Pro-Y or a salt thereof, wherein X represent Val, Ile or Asn-Ile and Y represent Phe or Leu.

Abstract: The present invention provides monoclonal antibodies which specifically recognize the shorter A? peptides obtained after cleavage of the APP protein mediated by ?-secretase, i.e. the A?-peptide fragments A?1-37, A?3-37, A?3p-37, A?1-37 and A?11p-37, and other like fragments ending at the 37th amino acid of APP, hereinafter also referred to as the A?x-37 peptides. It further provides hybridoma cells producing the monoclonal antibodies as well as methods for producing the antibodies and the hybridoma cells; and an immunoassay for an A?x-37 peptide by a competitive method or a sandwich method using the antibody of the present invention; and methods for measuring the level of A?x-37 peptides in a sample, such as a biological sample.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a composition for treating gastrointestinal or neurological disorders, constipation, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, travelers' diarrhoea, chronic idiopathic nausea, IBD-associated constipation and diarrhoea, pseudo-obstruction, diabetic gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, reflux oesophagitis, autism enteropathy, flatulence, halitosis, chronic fatigue, bloating, proctalgia fugax, Parkinson's disease, MS, Alzheimer's Disease, Motor Neurone Disease or autism, the composition comprising: (i) at least two anti-Clostridial agents selected from the group consisting of: vancomycin, vancomycin derivatives, a multi-valent polymer of vancomycin, aminoglycosides, nitroimidazoles, ansamysins, nifuroxazide, colchicine, prucalopride, prokinetic agent and 5-aminosalicylic acid; or (ii) at least one anti-Clostridial agent selected from the above combined with an opioid blocking agent.

Abstract: A composition useful for the treatment of degenerative brain disease. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of apamin as an active ingredient and an effective amount of at least another compound including a permeability enhancer and/or carrier molecule.

Abstract: A conjugate which comprises a cyclosporin moiety of formula (I) linked to one or more mitochondrial targeting groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: A represents or, B represents methyl or ethyl, one Of R1 and R1* represents hydrogen and the other represents methyl, R2 represents ethyl or isopropyl, R3 represents hydrogen or methyl, and R4 represents —CH2CH(CH3)CH3, —CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3, —CH(CH3)CH3 or —CH(CH3)CH2CH3.

Abstract: The present invention describes peptides comprising phycocyanobilin (PCB), as well as the medical use of said peptides and that of PCB, due to the neuroprotector and/or neuroregenerative effects identified for them. Furthermore, pharmaceutical combinations of said peptides and of PCB with proteins or other peptides with synergic effect justify their use for ischemic or neurodegenerative CNS disease treatment.

Abstract: Peptide 6 and in particular, Peptide 021, may be used to treat tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome-17 (FTDP-17) tau, corticobasal degeneration, Pick disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Guam Parkinsonism dementia complex, dementia pugilistica also known as traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic brain injury, ceroid neuronal lipofusinosis, Hallerworden Sptaz disease, Alzheimer's disease, and adults with Down syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nutritional compositions enriched in glutamine to improve structural and functional brain development in preterm and/or low birth weight infants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibitors of Nox1-dependent reactive oxygen species production and their use in the treatment of disorders associated with reactive oxygen species, such as hypertension and cancer.

Abstract: Provided are methods for promoting axon regeneration of a Central Nervous System (CNS) neuron and promoting nerve function following injury to a CNS neuron, for example, brain and/or spinal cord injury. Axon regeneration in a CNS neuron or nerve function following injury to a CNS neuron can be promoted by administering a necrosis inhibitor either alone or in combination with an apoptosis inhibitor to a subject suffering from a CNS disorder, wherein a symptom of the CNS disorder is axon degeneration.

Abstract: An isolated human cell is disclosed comprising at least one mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and secreting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), wherein a basal secretion of the BDNF is at least five times greater than a basal secretion of the BDNF in a mesenchymal stem cell. Methods of generating same and uses of same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and/or to protect dopaminergic nigrostriatal neuronal cell bodies from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in a mammal. In various embodiments of the invention, the dopaminergic neuron differentiation factor sonic hedgehog (Shh) and/or its downstream transcription factor target Gli-1 are used in connection with gene therapeutic techniques or direct peptide injection for the aforementioned indications. Kits useful in practicing the inventive method are also disclosed, as are animal models useful for studying various neurodegenerative conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain chromane-like cyclic prenylflavonoids, in particular the compounds of formulae (I), (II) and (III) as described and defined herein, for use in the treatment or prevention of a neurological disorder, as well as their use in promoting neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection.

Abstract: Described herein is the use of a visible near infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging system as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also described herein is the use of a VNIR hyperspectral imaging system in high throughput screening of potential therapeutics against AD.

Abstract: N-acylpeptide derivatives are described. Compositions comprising N-acylpeptide derivatives are therapeutically effective for topical or systemic administration to alleviate or improve conditions, disorders, diseases, symptoms or syndromes associated with tumors or cancers, immune, nervous, vascular, musculoskeletal, cutaneous system, or other tissues or systems in a subject.

Abstract: The invention features methods of diagnosing a subject as having, or at risk of developing ALS by determining the frequency of Gems in cells obtained from the subject. These methods include diagnosing the severity or monitoring the progression of ALS by determining the Gem frequency in a subject. Also, the invention features methods of identifying compounds useful for the treatment of ALS as well as methods for the treatment of ALS.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for reducing oxidative damage in a mammal, a removed organ, or a cell in need thereof. The method comprises administering an effective amount of an aromatic cationic peptide. The aromatic cationic peptide has (a) at least one net positive charge; (b) a minimum of three amino acids; (c) a maximum of about twenty amino acids, (d) a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (pm) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3 pm is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; (e) a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (pt) wherein 3a or 2a is the largest number that is less than or equal to pt+1, except that when a is 1, pt may also be 1; and (f) at least one tyrosine or tryptophan amino acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition which may be ingested orally in a small dose for the purpose of improving brain function, and a method for improving brain function. The present invention is a composition for improving brain function, comprising, as an active ingredient, Phe-Pro.

Abstract: The present invention embraces methods for the diagnosis and treatment of learning or mental disorders, as well as the identification of agents useful in the treatment of such disorders based upon the identified involvement of Sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase type 2 Protein in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release in 22q11 deletion/DiGeorge Syndrome.

Abstract: This invention relates to Huntington's disease and more specifically to methods for inhibiting the development of or treating Huntington's disease by administering estrogen, testosterone, precursors thereof or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to prevent photoreceptor death. In particular, the present invention provides peptides which prevent FAS-mediated photoreceptor apoptosis.

Abstract: Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The activities of those Ntn having multiple activities can be differentially inhibited by the compounds described. For example, the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome may be selectively inhibited with the inventive compounds. The peptide-based compounds include an epoxide or aziridine, and functionalization at the N-terminus. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds are expected to display anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of cell proliferation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses cell penetrating peptides (CPP or membrane translocating peptide) and their conjugates with cargo molecules. The peptides are useful as drug delivery systems, particularly as delivery vehicles for nucleotide-based theraputics, such as polynucleotides, oligonucleotides and peptide nucleic acids. A CPPs of the invention provides a balance between good cell entry efficency and low toxicity and comprises three contiguous domains: the central one being hydrophobic and the flanking ones consisting of arginine and aminohexanoic acid or beta-alanine residues. The hydrophobic domain contains a sequence selected from YQFLI, YRFLI, IQFLI and IRFLI.

Abstract: The invention demonstrates that, contrary to apoptotic rabies virus G proteins, certain non-apoptotic rabies virus G proteins, such as the G protein of the CVS-NIV strain, have a neurite outgrowth promoting effect. The invention further demonstrates that this neurite outgrowth promoting effect is due to the cytoplasmic tail of said non-apoptotic rabies virus G proteins, more particularly to their PDZ-BS, which shows a single-point mutation compared to the one of apoptotic rabies virus G proteins. The invention provides means for inducing and/or stimulating neurite outgrowth, which are useful in inducing neuron differentiation, for example for the treatment of a neoplasm of the nervous system, as well as in regenerating impaired neurons, for example for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease, disorder or condition or in the treatment of a microbial infection, or in protecting neurons from neurotoxic agents or oxidative stress.

Abstract: A first aspect of the invention is a compound (sometimes also referred to herein as an “active agent” or “active compound”) of Formula Ia, or more particularly Formula Ib: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. Compositions thereof and methods of using the same (e.g. for the treatment of a neurological disease) are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting seizure in a subject. In particular, the invention provides methods of increasing brain leptin levels in a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to Optineurin-derived polypeptide(s) consisting of a polypeptidic sequence disclosed in SEQ ID no2, which represents the portion of the wild-type human Optineurin protein sequence from its amino-acid residue 131 to its amino-acid residue 297, or having a polypeptidic sequence encompassing the polypeptidic sequence disclosed in SEQ ID no2, or having a polypeptidic sequence derived from the polypeptidic sequence disclosed in SEQ ID no2 to the exclusion of the wild-type Optineurin protein. The polypeptide(s) of the invention retain one, any combination of two, or three of the following functional properties: the capacity to bind Rab8 protein, when the latter are associated with the Golgi apparatus of a cell, the capacity to bind MYPT1 protein, when said protein is engaged in a Myosin-Phosphatase (MP) complex, the capacity to be phosphorylated by Plk1.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula I. The compounds of the present invention are potent tyrosine kinase modulators, and are suitable for the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions related to abnormal activities of tyrosine kinase receptors.

Abstract: Provided herein are tripeptide epoxy ketone protease inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula (X): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions including the same. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of diseases including inflammation and neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to agents and to pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the formation of amyloid and/or for promoting the disaggregation of amyloid proteins. The compositions may also be used to detect amyloid.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for delivering a polypeptide to the central nervous system of a mammal via intranasal administration are provided. The polypeptide can be a catalytically active protein or an antibody, antibody fragment or antibody fragment fusion protein. The polypeptides are formulated with one or more specific agents.

Abstract: A method for selection and treatment of externally caused migraine headache, the method includes identifying a patient group having chronic migraine headache; determining the identified patient group, a specific patient with a post traumatic migraine headache; and administering to the selected patient by injection of a therapeutically effective amount of an invertebrate presynaptic neurotoxin in a pharmaceutically safe form to the selected patient's head or upper neck; administration preferably being on the sites of the trigeminal cervical system, enabling axonal transport of the neurotoxin from distal to central sites; and the administration preferably comprising extramuscular injection of the neurotoxin of suitable dilution (a) over the aponeurotic fascia to enable the neurotoxin to diffuse into distal sensory nerves, in order to concentrate the neurotoxin over the occipital-parietal-frontal head region, or (b) intra-orally, in a foramina of the sphenopalatine ganglion for enabling diffusion of the neurotox

Abstract: A novel isolated protein, referred to herein as “caltubin”, is provided. Caltubin promotes axonal regeneration, and prevents or at least reduces axonal retraction in neurons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptides capable of inhibiting cellular and immune stress responses in a eukaryotic cell. The invention provides compositions and methods for the treatment of human degenerative diseases and inflammation, utilizing these peptides.

Abstract: Compositions and methods relating to interfering with the interaction of gangliosides, such as GM1, with their ligands are provided. For example, methods are provided for treating infections by blocking the infectious agent from binding with GM1 using GM1-like peptides. Also provided are methods of inhibiting ligands from binding to GM1 on the surface of cells and for neutralizing anti-GM1 antibodies in neurological diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition immunologically targeted to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the composition containing amine functionalized nanoparticles of Cerium oxide coated with polyethylene glycol and bearing an antibody specific for an amyloid-beta antigen associated with AD. The invention also includes a medication manufactured with the targeted nanoceria particles and methods of treatment by administering the targeted nanoceria particles to patients in need thereof.

Abstract: Soluble Neuregulin-1 isoforms representing Posttranslational Neuregulin-1 modifications for reducing dopaminergic cell death.

Abstract: Methods for treating neurodegeneration, e.g., sensorineural hearing loss, or a demyelinating disease, using bisphosphonates, ERK kinase inhibitors, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) proteins or nucleic acids.

Abstract: Provided are fragments of human p97 (melanotransferrin) polypeptides having blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport activity, including variants and combinations thereof, conjugates comprising said p97 fragments, and related methods of use thereof, for instance, to facilitate delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents across the BBB.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of apotransferrin for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of brain stroke. Particularly the invention relates to the use of apotransferrin for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of brain strokes wherein the drug prepared with apotransferrin is for administration by vascular route, preferably intravenous or intraarterial.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production and use of pharmaceutical growth factor compositions with novel characteristics, e.g. improved solubility and controlled release characteristics under physiological conditions. The compositions of one or more precursor proteins of growth factors of the GDF family provoke morphogenic effects such as growth, differentiation, protection and regeneration of a variety of tissues and organs, e.g. bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, nerves and skin. The compositions can be advantageously used for the healing of tissue-destructive injuries and for the prevention or therapy of degenerative disorders.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of neuroprotection, inducing release of neurotrophic factors, inhibiting the over-activation of innate immune cells, attenuating the toxin-induced death and/or damage of tissues, reducing inflammation, treating an inflammation-related condition, and inhibiting NADPH oxidase, that includes contacting or administering an effective amount of at least one compound of the invention that include: valproic acid, sodium butyrate, and salts thereof; opioid peptides; a peptide comprising the tripeptide GGF; and morphinans, such as naloxone, naltrexone, 3-hydroxy-morphinan and dextromethorphan.

Abstract: The invention provides a drug selected from eslicarbazepine acetate and eslicarbazepine, for use in treating or preventing a disorder selected from epilepsy, affective disorders, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disorders, neuropathic pain and neuropathic pain related disorders, attention disorders, anxiety disorders, sensorimotor disorders, vestibular disorders, and fibromyalgia, in a patient suffering from or susceptible to absence seizures.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved formulations of botulinum toxin that increase delivery of the botulinum toxin to neural and associated tissues and exhibit a higher specific neurotoxicity and higher potency (in LD50 Units) than available formulations of botulinum toxins. These improved formulations enable physicians to treat a wide variety of pathological conditions with a lower toxin load that reduces the risk of inducing an immune response against the toxin and its associated proteins that may ultimately lead to the development of toxin resistance. These benefits are particularly important in the treatment of conditions that require high-dose or chronic administration of botulinum toxin. Additionally, the decreased in LD50 Unit doses of inventive formulations allows for controlled administration limits diffusion. The present invention also provides methods of treating neuromuscular diseases and pain, using low-dose botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to veterinary decorin compositions and methods of their production.

Abstract: Provided herein are peptides that exhibit ApoE biological activity, as well as compositions and pharmaceutical formulations that include the peptides. The peptides, compositions, and methods disclosed herein have broad applications as they can be used to treat a broad spectrum of injury, diseases, disorders, and clinical indications.

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides containing a cytoplasmic domain ending with a MAST-2 binding domain, from 11 to 13 residues, the first two residues of which are S and W, and the last four residues of which are Q, T, R and L, said polypeptides presenting a high affinity for the PDZ domain of the human MAST2 protein. The invention also relates to polynucleotides, vectors, lentiviral particles, cells as well as compositions comprising the same. The invention is also directed to the use of said polypeptides, polynucleotides, vectors, lentiviral particles, cells and compositions in the treatment and/or prevention of a disease, disorder or condition, which alters the Central Nervous System (CNS) and/or the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The invention also concerns molecular signatures of cellular genes to determine the neurosurvival and/or neuroprotection activity of a molecule.