Abstract: Compounds of the general formulae (1) and (2) A-B-D-B?-A???(1) and A-B-D-E??(2) in which A and A? may be identical or different and are the residue in which X is S, O, CH2, CH2CH2, CH2O or CH2NH, and Y is H or CN, and * designates a chiral carbon atom preferably in S- or L-configuration; B and B? may be identical or different and are an O, N or S containing or non-containing, unsubstituted or substituted, unbranched or branched alkylene residue, cycloalkylene residue, aralkylene residue, heterocycloalkylene residue, heteroarylalkylene residue, arylamidoalkylene residue, heteroarylamidoalkylene residue, unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted arylene residue or heteroarylene residue having one or more five-, six- or seven-membered ring(s); D is —S—S— or —Se—Se—; and E is the group —CH2—CH(NH2)—R9 or —CH2—*CH(NH2)—R9 respectively in which R9 is an O, N or S containing or non-containing, unsubstituted or substituted, unbranched or branched alkyl residue, cycloalkyl residue, aralkyl residu

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such GSNOR inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to soft pastilles for nicotine replacement therapy, said pastille comprises about 0.05% to about 1% of nicotine active; about 5% to about 40% of gelling agent; about 30% to about 70% of plasticizer; about 0.05% to about 10% of sweetener; 0.5% to about 30% of releasing agent; about 0.05% to about 2% of preservative; about 0.01% to 5% of flavoring agent; and about 5% to about 20% of water.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for compounds such as those shown in FIG. 1.1 (compounds A, B, C, and D), 2?substituted nicotine compounds, azetidine compounds, ether linked nicotine compounds (FIG. 1.2, compounds E, F, G, and H), methods of synthesis of the compounds, methods of treatment of a condition using compounds A, B, C, D, 2?substituted nicotine compounds, azetidine compounds, or ether linked nicotine compounds, methods of selectively stimulating alpha7 nAChR and/or alpha4beta2 receptors, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for controlling the activity of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1-alpha (HIF-1?) and diseases, conditions, or syndromes related thereto, inter alia, Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), heart failure, ischemia, and anemia. Further disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising HIF-1? prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors useful in treating diseases, conditions, and/or syndromes related thereto the activity of HIF-1?.

Abstract: Screening methods for identifying compounds and compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for treating and preventing cancer are disclosed. The compounds affect signal transduction downstream of the MET receptor.

Abstract: Described are novel compounds of the Formula (I), their derivatives, analogs, tautomeric forms, regioisomers, stereoisomers, polymorphs, solvates, intermediates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions, metabolites and prodrugs thereof. These compounds are effective in lowering blood glucose, serum insulin, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride levels; treatment of obesity, inflammation, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis; treatment and/or prophylaxis of type II diabetes. These compounds are more particularly dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP IV) inhibitors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of using fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors to treat aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD), restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), the use of FAAH inhibitors for the manufacture of medicaments for use in the treatment of PD, RLS and PLMD, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising FAAH inhibitors for use in the treatment of PD, RLS and PLMD.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carboxamide compounds and their use for the manufacture of a medicament. The carboxamide compounds are inhibitors of calpain (calcium dependant cysteine proteases). The invention therefore also relates to the use of these carboxamide compounds for treating a disorder associated with an elevated calpain activity. The carboxamide compounds are compounds of the general formula I in which R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4, Q, Y, A and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims and the description, the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof. In particular, the compounds have the general formula Ia and Ib in which R1, r, R2b, R3a, R3b, R4, Y and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims, including the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof.

Abstract: A cascade carrier linked prodrug is described comprising a biologically active moiety and a masking group having at least one nucleophile and being distinct from the carrier.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R is C1-4 alkyl useful in the treatment of diseases and conditions for which antagonism of NK1 receptor is beneficial.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted triazoles of formula (I), uses thereof, processes for the preparation thereof and compositions containing said compounds. These inhibitors have utility in a variety of therapeutic areas including sexual dysfunction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein A and R1 to R7 are defined as in the description and in the claims. The compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicament.

Abstract: Described herein are Compounds, compositions comprising such Compounds, and the use of such Compounds and compositions as anti-viral agents. In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting viral replication using Compounds described herein or compositions thereof. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for preventing a symptom of a viral infection using a Compound, or a composition thereof. In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating and/or managing viral infection using a compound or a composition thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phenylethynyl compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, X, L, R3, R4, R4?, cyc, and n are as defined in the specification and claims and to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. Compounds of formula I are positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). They are useful for the treatment of schizophrenia or cognitive diseases.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for modulation of the activity of the carotid body that afford therapeutic benefit for sleep-related breathing disorders and related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3-aminopyrrolidine derivatives of the formula I: (wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, X, Y and X are as defined herein) which are useful as modulators of chemokine receptor activity. In particular, these compounds are useful as modulators of chemokine receptors and more specifically as a modulator of the CCR2 and/or CCR5 receptor. The compounds and compositions of the invention may bind to chemokine receptors, e.g., the CCR2 and/or CCR5 chemokine receptors, and are useful for treating diseases associated with chemokine, e.g., CCR2 and/or CCR5, activity, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, lupus, organ transplant rejection and rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of mitigating side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, specifically to administration of a pyridine derivative to mitigate and/or prevent prostaglandin e2 reducing side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Also provided is the use of a pyridine derivative in the preparation of a medicament for the reduction of said side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a pyridine derivative.

Abstract: The compounds herein disclosed are N-aminopyrrolylmethyltetrahydropyridine analogs that have modifications on the phenyl rings by introducing groups with various electronic properties. These derivatives of N-aminopyrrolylmethyltetrahydropyridines have been shown to have anti-proliferative activity against cells. In particular, the compounds have been found to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, such as cancer cells that originated in breast tissue. Additionally, it has been shown that the novel compounds have IC50 values against the breast cancer cells that are 6-10-fold less than the IC50 of tamoxifen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to N-benzyl pyrrole compounds of formula (I) useful as inhibitors of the enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH). The disclosure also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the disclosure and methods of using the compositions in the treatment or prevention of various disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to, among other things, methods for treating trigeminal cephalgias such as migraine and migraine like headaches and other cerebrovascular conditions associated with pain and or inflammation. When non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketoprofen, are applied locally using specific topical formulations immediate relief of pain is obtained. Intense pain is typically reduced to mild pain or no pain within 30 minutes of application of the topical formulation. The NSAID may be given in combination with other pharmacological agents, such as vasoconstrictors, opioids, decongestants and/or non-opioid migraine drugs, such as triptans and ergots and agents that affect serotonin receptors as agonists, antagonists or partial agonists.

Abstract: Compounds of Formulas 1 and 2 where the variables have the meaning disclosed in the specification, have analgesic and in some cases immunostimulant activity.

Abstract: A composition intended to be employed for therapeutic purposes incorporates an active ingredient (e.g., a source of nicotine) and at a non-active ingredient that is carried by a porous substrate. The non-active ingredient can be a substance that has the capability of affecting the pH of the biological system to which it is applied (e.g., basic substance and/or buffering agent is sorbed onto the porous carrier, so as to be in intimate contact with that carrier). Representative forms of nicotine include free base (e.g., as a mixture of nicotine and microcrystalline cellulose), a nicotine salt (e.g., as nicotine bitartrate) and nicotine polacrilex. The basic substance can be sodium carbonate, and the porous substrate can be microcrystalline cellulose. The composition is useful for treatment of central nervous system conditions, diseases, and disorders, and can be used as a nicotine replacement therapy.

Abstract: CB-1 receptor inverse agonist compounds of Formula and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity or cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide compounds useful as preventives or remedies for circular system disorders, nervous system disorders, metabolic disorders, reproduction system disorders, digestive system disorders, neoplasm, infectious diseases, etc., or as herbicides. [Means for Solution] A long-chain fatty acyl elongase inhibitor comprising, as the active ingredient thereof, a compound or a pharmaceutically-active salt thereof of a formula (I): [wherein W represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl, etc.; X represents an aryl, a heteroaryl, etc.; n indicates 0 or 1; Z represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl, etc.; A1, A2, A3 and A4 each independently represent CH or N].

Abstract: The present invention relates to ethynyl derivatives of formula I wherein U, V, Y, R1, R2, R2?, R3, R3? and R8 are described herein. It has been found that the compounds of general formula I are allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5).

Abstract: Novel substituted azole diones are provided that kill cells, suppress cell proliferation, suppress cell growth, abrogate the cell cycle G2 checkpoint and/or cause adaptation to G2 cell cycle arrest. Methods of making and using the invention compounds are provided. The invention provides substituted azole diones to treat cell proliferation disorders. The invention includes the use of substituted azole diones to selectively kill or suppress cancer cells without additional anti-cancer treatment. The invention includes the use of cell cycle G2-checkpoint-abrogating substituted azole diones to selectively sensitize cancer cells to DNA damaging reagents, treatments and/or other types of anti-cancer reagents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof having superior glucokinase activating activity, and is a compound represented by general formula (I), or pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: [wherein, A represents, for example, an oxygen atom or sulfur atom, R1 represents, for example, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group or a C1-C6 halogenated alkyl group, A and R1 together with the carbon atom bonded thereto form a heterocyclic group that may be substituted with 1 to 3 group(s) independently selected from Substituent Group ?, R2 represents a phenyl group that may be substituted with 1 to 5 group(s) independently selected from Substituent Group ? or a heterocyclic group that may be substituted with 1 to 3 group(s) independently selected from Substituent Group ?, R3 represents a hydroxy group or a C1-C6 alkoxy group, and Substituent Group ? consists of, for example, a halogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkyl group substituted with 1 or 2 hyd

Abstract: A lozenge is provided that has stable pH and stable levels of active ingredient over time. It comprises a combination of (i) at least one gum and (ii) at least one non-crystallising sugar or non-crystallising sugar alcohol in a matrix designed for controlled buccal delivery of a drug. The lozenge also contains water and optional components selected from flavourings, taste masking agents, colourings, buffer components, pH adjusting agents, excipients, stabilizers and sweeteners. Methods of preparing the lozenge are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compounds. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of treating cancer by administering these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to subjects in need thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of such compounds for research or other non-therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel arylpyrroline compounds of formula (I) which have excellent insecticidal activity and which can thus be used as an insecticide.

Abstract: The invention relates to amine substituted methanesulfonamide derivatives as vanilloid receptor ligands, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and also to these compounds for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of pain and further diseases and/or disorders.

Abstract: A composition intended to be employed for therapeutic purposes incorporates a nicotinic compound, a sugar substitute, and a sugar alcohol syrup. Representative forms of nicotine include free base (e.g., as a mixture of nicotine and microcrystalline cellulose), a nicotine salt (e.g., as nicotine bitartrate) or nicotine polacrilex. The composition is useful for treatment of central nervous system conditions, diseases, and disorders, and as a nicotine replacement therapy.

Abstract: Compounds of a certain formula (I), in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the meanings indicated in the description, are novel effective HDAC inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme. More particularly, the invention relates to compounds that are derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing them and therapeutic use thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides hydrogels that are suitable for drug delivery. In embodiments, hydrogels of the present disclosure may be used for transdermal delivery of bioactive agents, including drugs. The hydrogels of the present disclosure may also be useful as conductive compositions for use with electrodes.

Abstract: A method of producing a nicotine delivery product includes a mixture having nicotine, a cation exchange resin and water. The water content of the mixture is between 5 and 75 wt. % relative to the whole mixture. The mixture is combined with further components of the nicotine delivery product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating or controlling schizophrenia in a mammal using compounds having the Formula (I), wherein M1 and M2 are defined in the application.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a series of substituted N-heteroaryl bipyrrolidine carboxamides of formula (I). wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, X, m and p are as described herein. More specifically, the compounds of this invention are modulators of H3 receptors and are, therefore, useful as pharmaceutical agents, especially in the treatment and/or prevention of a variety of diseases modulated by H3 receptors including diseases associated with the central nervous system. Additionally, this disclosure also relates to methods of preparation of substituted N-heteroaryl bipyrrolidine carboxamides of formula (I) and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula I. The compounds of the present invention are potent tyrosine kinase modulators, and are suitable for the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions related to abnormal activities of tyrosine kinase receptors.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are disclosed as ROR?t modulators that have a formula represented by the following: and wherein n1, n2, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as described herein. These compounds may be used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans, including by way of non-limiting example, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and are useful for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, especially type II diabetes, as well as hyperglycemia, Syndrome X, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, atherosclerosis, and various immunomodulatory diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides salt adducts comprising at least one positively charged moiety being a pyridoxine or a derivative thereof and at least one carboxylated 5- to 7-membered lactam ring, optionally additionally substituted, methods of their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising them. Salt adducts of the invention and compositions comprising them may be used to in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with or inflicted by alcohol consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides active compounds for modulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and methods of making the same. The methods of preparing the active compounds utilize different intermediate compounds.

Abstract: A chewing gum comprising at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a core onto which is applied at least one inner polymer film coating and thereafter onto which is applied at least one outer hard coating. A preferred API is nicotine. Flavoring agents may be incorporated in the core, in the at least one inner polymer film coating and/or in the at least one outer hard coating. The gums formed exhibit a long lasting effect of flavoring agent(s) and result in the domination of flavoring agents in the coating(s) over flavoring agent(s) in the core, thereby (a) avoiding problems of chemical or pharmaceutical incompatibility between an API in the core and flavoring agent(s) in the coating(s) and (b) achieving an increased control of the release of the API and of non-active excipients.

Abstract: Use of nicotine receptor agonists for treating inflammatory diseases, including a variety of pulmonary diseases. Such agonists have fewer side effects than other anti-inflammatory drugs, such as steroids. Moreover, these agonists can be used alone or in combination with other anti-inflammatory drugs to alleviate pulmonary diseases. For example, a method of treating pulmonary inflammation of an inflammatory disease selected from the group of asthma, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonitis (BOOP) in an animal in need thereof having said inflammation, including administering orally or by inhalation to said animal a nicotinic receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted 2,6-diamino-3,5-dicyano-4-arylpyridines of the formula (I) wherein the definitions of substituent groups R1-R7 are as provided in the specification and claims, to a pharmaceutical composition containing such a compound, to a process for preparation of such materials, and to their use as medicaments for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cholinesterase inhibitor and compound of the following formula: The composition is effective for treating cognitive disorders, and methods of treating such disorders using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to specific three layer dosage forms for oral administration of pharmaceutical active substances.

Abstract: Pyrrole compounds useful as allosteric potentiators/positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4 (mGluR4); synthetic methods for making the compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds; and methods of using the compounds, for example, in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders or other disease state associated with glutamate dysfunction.