Abstract: The present invention is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant prodrug useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from changes in the mitochondrial redox environment. Antioxidant prodrugs of the invention are produced by modifying an antioxidant to a fatty acid so that the resulting prodrug is targeted to and activated by an enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds and compositions are provided which are methylenedioxy phenolic compounds and their derivatives, along with methods of making them and methods of using them for therapeutic purposes. The compounds and compositions are advantageous in that they can be used to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease, vascular disease and/or inflammatory disease, as well as Type I and Type II Diabetes and Dyslipidemia patients at risk for hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease.

Abstract: A diffusion rate limiting matrix is utilized to lingually and/or sublingually deliver thioctic acid. This limited release matrix is intended for general nutritional supplementation and/or the treatment of various physiological disorders. Due to its lingual nature, this rate limiting matrix can produce IV-equivalent plasma levels and is not meant to be swallowed.

Abstract: A formulation for a stable ascorbic acid composition which, in a simplified form, is comprised of ascorbic acid in solution with a hygroscopic compound (i.e., a substance with the ability to attract water molecules from the surrounding environment through either absorption or adsorption). Also disclosed herein are methods for the production of such compounds and methods of using such compounds in the prevention, inhibition and treatment of striae gravidarum, radiation dermatitis, rhytids, lentigoes, dyschromia, sun-damage induced hyperpigmentation, cellulite, scars, purpura, skin firming, muscle, tendon and ligament improvement and repair, and hair conditions, among other skin diseases or conditions.

Abstract: Described herein are routes of synthesis and therapeutic uses of 1-alkyl, 2-acyl glycerol derivatives of formula I: which when administered to mammalian biological systems result in increased cellular concentrations of specific sn-2 substituted ethanolamine plasmalogens independent of the ether lipid synthesis capacity of the system. Elevating levels of the specific sn-2 substituted species in this way can cause lowering of membrane cholesterol levels and the lowering of amyloid secretion. These compounds can be used for the treatment or prevention of diseases of aging associated with increased membrane cholesterol, increased amyloid, and decreased plasmalogen levels, such as neurodegeneration (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and age-related macular degeneration), cognitive impairment, dementia, cancer (e.g. prostate, lung, breast, ovarian, and kidney cancers), osteoporosis, bipolar disorder and vascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia).

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for external use, including: i) luliconazole represented by the following structural formula (1) and/or a salt thereof; and ii) crotamiton.

Abstract: Compounds, formulations, and methods are provided containing the choline ester of a reducing agent, especially lipoic acid or derivatives thereof. The compounds may be administered via a topical ocular route to treat or prevent oxidative damage.

Abstract: Metallo-proteins including but not limited to lactoferrin (LF), transferrin (TF) and ovotransferrin (OTF) (all members of transferrin family), ceruloplasmin (CP) and metallo-thionein (MT) were found to stabilize and enhance the bio-functional activity of tocotrienol (T3), T3 mixtures or derivates. The synergism between MP and T3 also promote the intestinal transfer and the ultimate bio-availability of T3 and T3-derivatives for physiological functions. Such functional synergism includes hypocholesterolemic, anti-thrombotic, antioxidant, anti-athermogenic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory activities of T3 agents. Addition of a non-protein-type metal chelator provided further improvement in the action of the bio-functional activity of T3. These T3 compositions are useful as pharmaceuticals, in cosmetics, in foods and as nutritional supplements.

Abstract: The invention relates to Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disorder or neurodegenerative disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative.

Abstract: Geranylgeranyl-2-propanol compound (GGP) having the following formula (I) is proposed for use according to the present invention as a cosmetic active compound for the prevention and treatment of aging of skin and its appendages. The GGP has a protective action against oxidative stress and free radical, on telomeres and on mitochondria and its activity. In particular, GGP can be used for the treatment of wrinkles, fine lines and visible discontinuities of skin, for the treatment pigmentation disorders.

Abstract: Methods for using nutritional supplements containing lipoic acids and sulfur containing compounds to maintain or increase the levels of cellular GSH in the body are described. In some instances, the nutritional supplements can increase both the levels of GSH, vitamin C, GST activity, and antioxidant protection in the blood. The nutritional supplement contain a first part containing an effective amount of a lipoic acid and a second part containing an effective amount of a sulfur containing compound that increases the level of GSH vitamin C, GST activity, and antioxidant protection in the blood The first part and second part of the nutritional supplement can be partially or completely separated. The increased GSH and vitamin C levels increases the detoxification ability of the body as measured by the GST (Glutathione S-Transferases) activity and the antioxidant protection as measured by SAR (Serum Antioxidant Reserve). Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of control and prophylaxis of inflammation and mitigation of inflammatory conditions, particularly arthritis and joint pain, in companion animals, e.g., dogs or cats, comprising administering a diet comprising lipoic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the cyclic dinucleotide c-di-GMP and cyclic dinucleotide analogues thereof in a method for attenuating virulence of a microbial pathogen or for inhibiting or reducing colonization by a microbial pathogen. This method further inhibits microbial biofilm formation and is capable of treating bacterial infections. The microbial colonization or biofilm formation inhibited or reduced may be on the skin or on nasal or mucosal surface. The microbial colonization or biofilm formation inhibited can also be on the surfaces of medical devices, especially those in close contact with the patient, as well on the surfaces of industrial and construction material where microbial colonization and biofilm formation is of concern.

Abstract: A method and compositions for treating cancer is described using at least two epigenetic modifiers. In various embodiments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and glycolytic inhibition therapy are used as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for noxious organisms-controlling agent having a synergistic effect and a method for using said composition, which comprises, as active ingredients thereof, one or more compounds selected from the phthalamide derivatives represented by general formula (I) being useful as an insecticide or acaricide and one or more compounds selected from the compounds having insecticidal, acaricidal or nematocidal activity: wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same or different and each represent hydrogen atom, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -A1--Qp, etc., each of X and Y may be the same or different and represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom, etc., n is an integer of 1 to 4, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and each of Z1 and Z2 represents O or S.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of chronic fatigue in human patients comprising a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant in a daily low-dosage amount in combination with therapeutically effective daily amounts of micronutrients, comprising acetyl L-carnitine, L-tyrosine, N-acetyl cysteine, and alpha-lipoic acid. The CNS and micronutrient components may be in an oral dosage composition containing a low dosage amount of CNS stimulant such as about 2.5 mg methylphenidate HCl together with about 60-250 mg acetyl L-carnitine, 50-200 mg L-tyrosine, 60-250 mg N-acetyl cysteine, and 25-100 mg alpha-lipoic acid.

Abstract: A compound preparation contains alpha-lipoic acid and nimodipine at a ratio from 5:1 to 40:1. The above-mentioned compound preparation can be used for the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing impairment. This compound preparation not only increases the efficacy but decreases the dosage of nimodipine, reduces the side effects and improves the patient compliance.

Abstract: A composition and treatment method are disclosed for one or more of alpha, beta, and gamma-Cyclodextrin and a natural molecule or fragment thereof wherein the natural molecule is sometimes Glutathione, is non-acetylated, non-Esterified, and non-fatty acid attached, and the composition is administered parenterally and non-interveneously.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition having an excellent controlling activity on plant disease. The composition comprising the compound represented by the formula (1) and one or more heterocyclic fungicidal compound selected from the group (A) shows an excellent controlling activity on a plant disease.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing or controlling bacteria, viruses and parasitic growths that cause diarrhea, pneumonia and septicemia in animals comprising a biocidal system comprised of a primary biocide and a pH buffer component; a cationic or ionic surfactant having an HLB of from about 5 to about 30; a thickening agent; and an aqueous based carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oral nutritional and therapeutic products which are useful for preventing or treating compensated and decompensated insulin resistance and associated diseases and sequelae, or diabetes mellitus and its sequelae, complications, and co-morbidities, comprising magnesium R-(+)-alpha-lipoate.

Abstract: Novel compounds, and in particular to diacylglycerol (1,3-DAG) and alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and/or dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid (DHLA) derivatives. In particular these novel compounds are used as functional food additives. These may for example be used as nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and other lifestyle-related diseases.

Abstract: The invention describes alpha lipoic acid complexes, that can be oligomeric, polymeric, monomeric and mixtures thereof. The complexes can be salts, chelates, etc. of the oligomers, polymers, or monomeric alpha lipoic acid.

Abstract: According to an illustrative embodiment a method to promote healing of a wound is provided comprising contacting the wound with a biologically active composition comprising a lipoic acid derivative and gelatin. In another embodiment a topical composition is provided, which can be formulated as a homogenous mixture, such as a spray, mist, aerosol, lotion, cream, solution, oil, gel, ointment, paste, emulsion or suspension or applied on a carrier material, such as a bandage, gauze, foam, sponge, hydrogel, hydrocolloid, hydrofiber, occlusive dressing, adhesive composition or scaffold. Methods for producing such a topical composition and carrier material with the topical composition applied thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are the compounds shown below and methods of their synthesis. The value m is a positive integer. R comprises an alkyl chain or an alkoxy chain. Each X comprises a metal binding group. Each E is a methoxy group or comprises a biomolecule reactive group or a residue thereof. E optionally comprises a protecting group. The value n is a positive integer. The value p is zero or one. Y is OCH3, OH, NH2, or COOH.

Abstract: Methods of increasing production, stability or activity of a target polypeptide are provided herein. The method includes increasing the level of an antioxidant in a cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding the target polypeptide. Also provided are cells and transgenic organisms produced using the methods described herein. Methods of treating a subject with a condition treatable by administration of the target polypeptide are also disclosed. Finally methods and compositions for transiently increasing antioxidants in plant cells are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions for treating and preventing presbycusis.

Abstract: Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas (NSCLCs) are treated with Gel Micro-Particles (GMPs) that passively accumulate in the lungs and contain Nano-Particles (NPs) combining one or more therapeutic agents that are cytotoxic to the NSCLC with one or more NSCLC active targeting ligands, as well as one or more other optional agents that increase cellular uptake, enhance the pro-apoptotic effect of the chemotherapeutic agent(s), and the like. NPs targeting other cancer cells are also disclosed, as well as NP-containing GMPs that reduce the occurrence of tumor metastasis.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for administering antioxidant micronutrient formulations comprising multiple dietary and endogenous antioxidants, B-vitamins, vitamin D and minerals at appropriate dosages and dose schedules particularly chosen to produce long-term ‘optimal health’ effects in individuals of various age groups and occupations, with particular emphasis on reducing and/or eliminating acute and/or long term effects of environmental and physical stressors and toxic chemicals to which current Operating Forces and veterans of military service are or have been exposed.

Abstract: The disclosure herein provides a compound of formula 1. The disclosure also provides a method of synthesizing the compound of formula 1. The compound of formula 1 or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, and hydrates thereof may be formulated as pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition of compound of formula 1 or the final compound may be formulated for non-invasive peroral, topical (example transdermal), enteral, transmucosal, targeted delivery, sustained release delivery, delayed release, pulsed release and parenteral methods. Such compositions may be used to treat chronic pain manifested with chronic diseases or its associated complications. The compound may also be offered as a kit.

Abstract: A composition for the treatment of “Burning Feet Syndrome” includes pantothenic acid or its analogs, or its derivatives, or its synonyms, alpha-lipoic acid or its analogs, or its derivatives, or its synonyms, and L-arginine or its analogs, or its derivatives, or its synonyms. The composition may also include at least one substance selected from the group consisting of B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, B9, B12, Acetly-L-Carnitine, N-acetlycystein, Omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-6 fatty acids, Vitamin E, and Taurine or any of their analogs, derivatives, or synonyms. The composition is used in a method for the treating of “Burning Feet Syndrome” by administering to a human such a composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein Methods and composition for the treatment of an individual with “Burning Feet Syndrome”. Included are the manner and process of making the composition, administration, uses, and effective therapeutic amounts of Pantothenic acid and Alpha-lipoic acid with no adverse side effects. The composition can be used to prophylax (prevent), treat acute or chronic symptoms caused by “Burning Feet Syndrome”. In combination with certain adjuvants, carriers, vehicles and delivery systems to improve the efficacy.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methylenedioxy phenolic compounds and their derivatives, methods of making them and methods of using them to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease, vascular disease and/or inflammatory disease, as well as Type I and Type II Diabetes and Dyslipidemia patients at risk for hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease.

Abstract: A carotenoid substance called zeaxanthin, when ingested orally at suitable dosages such as 30 to 100 mg/day for a span of 1 to 2 weeks, can provide effective protection against sunburns, and can give skin a darker tint that emulates a healthy suntan. In tests involving adults, it was found that zeaxanthin dosages of 30 to about 80 mg per day were sufficient to induce: (i) a mild but noticeable tinting, shading, or darkening of skin color, comparable to a mild suntan; (ii) a substantial increase in the person's ability to withstand elevated levels of sun or UV exposure; and, (iii) an increased ability of reddened and sunburned skin to convert into intact skin that looks browned and healthily tanned. Oral ingestion of dosages of zeaxanthin after a noticeable darkening of the skin has been achieved further enhances a tanned appearance and/or protects against sun damage.

Abstract: The present provides methods for using lipoic acid. In one embodiment, the methods include administering lipoic acid to a female subject in need thereof, wherein at least 10 milligrams lipoic acid per kilogram of body weight is administered. In another embodiment, the methods include administering to a female subject in need thereof an effective amount of lipoic acid, wherein concentration of progesterone in the blood of the subject is increased compared to the subject prior to administration of the lipoic acid. The subject may be pregnant.

Abstract: A dietary supplement for enhancing physical performance of human subjects is disclosed. The supplement in dry, finely-divided form includes as a major ingredient a soy protein isolate containing at least 80% protein on a moisture-free basis with lesser amounts of carbohydrate, free form amino acids, medium chain triglycerides, creatine monohydrate, l-carnitine, grape seed extract, coenzyme Q10, piper nigrum extract, and alpha lipoic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the supplement also includes minor amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine complex.

Abstract: A medical food and/or nutritional supplement for oral administration by mammals includes ?-lipoic acid, linolenic acid complex, biotin, and coenzyme Q-10. A preferred method of manufacturing the medical food or nutritional supplement is by separate microencapsulation of one or more of the components followed by encapsulation of the individual components, for oral administration. Other methods of delivery include packaging in impermeable, disposable packets and mixing the formulations with food or a cold liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides new salts and/or addition compounds and/or complex compounds of guanidinoacetic acid with malic acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, ?-ketoglutaric acid, oxalic acid, pyroglutamic acid, 3-nicotinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, taurine, betaine, choline, methionine and lipoic acid as well as in the form of sodium, potassium or calcium guanidinoacetate. These salts have improved physiological and therapeutic properties and are particularly suitable for use as dietary supplements, as animal feeds and in cosmetic or dermatological preparations in which especially the marked stability and good bioavailability of the salts come to the fore.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a new cosmetic use of Tyr-Arg dipeptide to stimulate molecules of the extracellular matrix in order to prevent and treat cutaneaous sagging, in particular due to natural gravity. The invention is useful in the preparation of tightening, finning, contouring, and lifting cosmetic products.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods of use thereof for labeling peptide and proteins in vitro or in vivo. The methods described herein employ lipoic acid ligase or mutants thereof, and lipoic acid analogs recognized by lipoic acid ligase and lipoic acid ligase mutants.

Abstract: Nanoemulsions contain particles that comprise an outer shell layer containing at least one oil and a core portion containing at least one antioxidant and, optionally, other health-promoting compounds, wherein the nanoemulsions are relatively stable for prolonged periods without significant change in physical properties and are suitable for administering to humans and other mammals orally, topically, intravenously, transdermally, and subcutaneously.

Abstract: The method of treating diabetes-related vascular complications includes the treatment of diabetic patients with ?-lipoic acid (LA) in order to mitigate the negative impact of diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions upon vascular homeostasis. The treatment method includes the step of administering to the patient an initial dosage of ?-lipoic acid believed to be therapeutically effective. The patient's response is then monitored by measuring ?-lipoic acid-responsive biomarkers and by performing assays from blood and tissue taken from the patient.

Abstract: A bio compatible free radical suspension, comprising of oxygen and electronically modified reaction intermediates, where a fluorocarbon is used as an inert medium for stabilization of reaction intermediates. A stabilized bio compatible electronically modified derivative suspension is produced by the subjecting a fluorocarbon to certain stressors, such as oxidizing agents, reactive intermediates, physiological gases, benzo-?-pyrone derivatives, ultrasonic-cavitation, electric fields, magnetic fields, UV radiation, active metal catalyst, surfactant reactants, buffers, electrolytes, glucose, glucose derivatives, for the purpose of inducing a cascading immune response.

Abstract: Described herein are routes of synthesis and therapeutic uses of 1-alkyl, 2-acyl glycerol derivatives of formula I: which when administered to mammalian biological systems result in increased cellular concentrations of specific sn-2 substituted ethanolamine plasmalogens independent of the ether lipid synthesis capacity of the system. Elevating levels of the specific sn-2 substituted species in this way can cause lowering of membrane cholesterol levels and the lowering of amyloid secretion. These compounds can be used for the treatment or prevention of diseases of aging associated with increased membrane cholesterol, increased amyloid, and decreased plasmalogen levels, such as neurodegeneration (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and age-related macular degeneration), cognitive impairment, dementia, cancer (e.g. prostate, lung, breast, ovarian, and kidney cancers), osteoporosis, bipolar disorder and vascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia).

Abstract: The disclosure herein provides a composition compound of formula 1. The disclosure also provides a method of synthesizing the compound of formula 1. The compound of formula 1 or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, and hydrates thereof may be formulated as pharmaceutical composition to be used for treatment of pain. The pharmaceutical composition of compound of formula 1 or the final compound may be formulated for non-invasive peroral, topical (example transdermal), enteral, transmucosal, targeted delivery, sustained release delivery, delayed release, pulsed release and parenteral methods. Such compositions may be used to treat chronic pain manifested with chronic diseases or its associated complications. The compound of formula 1 may also be offered as a kit.

Abstract: The invention encompasses pet food compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders in companion animals, for example, for the treatment or obesity, including administering a pet food composition including pyruvic acid or a salt thereof to a companion animal, or lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof to a companion animal. The invention encompasses pet food compositions and methods for managing weight including administering a pet food composition including pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof to a companion animal to a companion animal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a controlled release pharmaceutical or food formulation comprising at least one active pharmaceutical or food ingredient dispersed in a mixture of a glycogen with a polysaccharide, and the process for its preparation. The invention also relates to a slow release system represented by a mixture of a glycogen with a polysaccharide, and its use for the preparation of slow release pharmaceutical or food formulations.

Abstract: It has been discovered that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in platelets reduces platelet activation or platelet aggregation. Certain heterocyclic compounds significantly reduced one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting. Thus diseases or disorders mediated by inappropriately high levels of platelet activation or platelet aggregation can be treated by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a heterocyclic compound or nonheterocyclic mitochondrial inhibitor that significantly reduces one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting, preferably in a reversible manner.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and strategies for the treatment of malignant neoplasms are presented herein. The treatment modalities are directed towards exploiting characteristics of cancer cells as well as correcting defective biochemical pathways and systems in the body.

Abstract: The field of invention relates to Vitamin C compositions, and in particular to Vitamin C compositions containing ascorbate-glucose transport enhancers. In at least one aspect, a composition is provided herein that includes ascorbate in an amount from about 0.1% by weight of actives to about 99.9% by weight of actives, and at least one ascorbate-glucose transport enhancer in an amount from about 0.01% by weight of actives to about 99.0% by weight of actives. In other aspects, methods of improving the transport of ascorbate into cells and tissues, and improving the ascorbate or antioxidant status of a person, are provided that include providing a composition comprising ascorbate and at least one ascorbate-glucose transport enhancer.