Abstract: Induction of telomere shortening, G2 arrest and apoptosis in telomerase positive cancer cells using acyclic nucleoside analogs has been disclosed. In addition, methods for impairment or prevention of tumorigenic telomerase positive cells from having a chance to grow into a tumor and methods for promoting tumor regression (decrease in size of an established tumor) using acyclic nucleoside analogs has been disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a low dose of zanamivir and a process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising a low dose of zanamivir. The pharmaceutical composition comprising a low dose zanamivir may be used in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of influenza. The present invention also provides a method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of influenza which comprises administering a dry powder inhaler composition comprising a low dose zanamivir. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises zanamivir and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, wherein the total daily dose of the zanamivir is less than 10 mg, preferably for administration at least once a day, and preferably wherein the composition delivers from 3 mg to 8 mg of zanamivir per administered dose.

Abstract: The present invention provides an isolated HIV-1 mutant and isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising HIV-RT coding sequences harboring a novel mutation in the S68 codon, and in particular, deletions of the S68 codon. This novel deletion reduces the sensitivity of HIV to various nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Methods of using this mutation for selecting effective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo, methods for monitoring infection progression in HIV-infected individuals and methods for avoiding the emergence of and/or to treat individuals infected with HIV comprising mutations, including deletions, at the S68 codon of HIV-RT are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable lamivudine polymorph form and to a composition comprising thereof.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of cleansing of the scalp sufficiently to remove material which would otherwise block antiviral medication from reaching hair follicles, heating the scalp to increase the absorption of the antiviral medication and applying the antiviral medication to the scalp in effective amount to suppress viral replication or viral activation present in the nerves leading to the scalp.

Abstract: Preparation of nano-conjugated Tunicamycin enhances the efficacy of the drug Tunicamycin. The invention provides several nanoformulations such as Tunicamycin encapsulated in peptide nanotubes, nanotubes bound to gold nanoparticles conjugated with Tunicamycin, Tunicamycin conjugated with nanotubes, gold nanoparticles bound to tubes and conjugated with Tunicamycin, and gold nanoparticles conjugated with Tunicamycin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of ameliorating hippocampal dysfunction and improving or inhibiting decline in intelligence or cognitive or hippocampal-dependent memory of a subject and of increasing synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, neurite outgrowth, and levels of neurofilament proteins in the brain and CNS of a subject, comprising administering to the subject a uridine, an acyl derivative thereof, a uridine phosphate, uracil, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed herein that involve C5-functionalized nucleic acids, which can be used for detecting a target in a nucleic acid. Particular embodiments disclose methods for making these compounds, wherein the compounds can be formed by coupling of an intermediate with a linker. Certain embodiments disclose the use of these compounds for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms, and for increasing the thermal affinity of nucleic acid complements as compared to unmodified nucleic acid complements. In addition, the disclosed compounds can decrease enzymatic degradation of nucleic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of otic diseases or conditions with antimicrobial agent compositions and formulations administered locally to an individual afflicted with an otic disease or condition, through direct application of these compositions and formulations onto or via perfusion into the targeted auris structure(s).

Abstract: Co-administration of alovudine and zidovudine at ratios considerably in excess of the prior art completely or substantially abolishes the mitochondrial toxicity of alovudine in mitochondrial DNA depletion experiments. The invention thus provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising alovudine and zidovudine in a molar ratio in the range 1:100 to 1:350 and methods for the treatment or prophylaxis of multiply resistant HIV comprising the simultaneous or consequential administration of alovudine and zidovudine in the characteristic molar ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, in particular, dual antagonists comprising a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or a nucleoside competitive reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), linked together using a chemical linker, which may be used to inhibit HIV (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase and in the treatment of HIV infections, more severe cases of HIV infections, including ARC and AIDS, including reducing the likelihood of these infections and disease states.

Abstract: Methods of using azide-modified biomolecules, such as fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipids, to treat a plant, an insect or an animal infected with a virus or to inhibit infectivity of a virus, such as the human immunodeficiency virus, are provided. Also provided are methods of labeling a virus, such as human immunodeficiency virus, with an azide-modified biomolecule, such as a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, or an isoprenoid lipid. Also, provided are methods of tracking a virus in vivo, with an azide-modified biomolecule, such as a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, or an isoprenoid lipid. The azide-modified biomolecules may be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to produce a pharmaceutical composition, optionally containing another anti-viral agent and/or a delivery agent, such as a liposome.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for supporting operational activities in daily living by providing a combination of (a) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly DHA and/or EPA, and (b) nucleosides or nucleotides, particularly uridine or its equivalent. The operational activities comprise eating; walking; toileting; bathing; grooming; dressing; use of communication equipment; making conversations; keeping appointments; use of household appliances; cleaning dishes; preparation of meal or drink; writing; reading; independent housekeeping; transportation and shopping.

Abstract: The present invention relates to prodrug forms of ?-L-1-[5-(E-2-Bromovinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)]uracil (L-BHDU) and their use to treat viral infections of Varicella Zoster Virus, including recurrent VZV (shingles), especially including drug resistant Varicella Zoster Virus and related complications of this viral infection such as rash or post-herpetic neuralgia.

Abstract: Methods for improved administration and dosing of DPD inhibitors in combination with 5-FU and/or 5-FU prodrugs are provided, comprising first administering to a patient in need thereof a DPD inhibitor that substantially eliminates activity of the enzyme and thereafter administering 5-FU or a 5-FU prodrug, wherein the level of 5-FU or 5-FU prodrug is in substantial excess of DPD inhibitor in the patient.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for increasing patient CD4+ cell count while undergoing treatment for immune-mediated disease, cancer, heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, or infectious disease by administering to the patient a nutrient composition including, inter alia, alpha lipoic acid, acetyl L-carnitine, and N-acetyl-cysteine.

Abstract: The invention relates to combination anticancer therapy with certain Akt inhibitor and other anticancer agents such as anticancer antimetabolites, anticancer antibiotics, plant-derived anticancer agents, anticancer platinum-coordinated complex compounds, anticancer camptothecin derivatives and anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I: including any possible stereoisomers thereof, wherein: R4 is a monophosphate, diphosphate or triphosphate ester; or R4 is R7 is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, or optionally substituted indolyl; R8 and R8? are hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, benzyl, or phenyl; or R8 and R8? form C3-C7cycloalkyl; R9 is C1-C10alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C1-C6alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety in phenyl or phenyl-C1-C6alkyl is optionally substituted; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; pharmaceutical formulations and the use of compounds I as HCV inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention relates to a functional food supplement, specifically intended to supplement the enteral or oral nutrition of patients with neurological or neurodegenerative alterations, and for the prevention of cognitive or behaviour disorders, especially in the case of elderly persons, where the functional ingredient especially conceived for the nourishment of patients suffering from, or prone to neurological or neurodegenerative alterations, cognitive deterioration or behaviour disorders comprises a mixture of UMP (uridine monophosphate or uridine) and/or IMP (inosine monophosphate or inosine), vitamins of the B group (B1, B6, B9 and B7), phospholipids and gangliosides and sialic acid, as well as a large amount of DHA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of conditions related to mitochondrial function. In various aspects, the present invention comprises administering one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of epicatechin, an epicatechin derivative, catechin, a catechin derivative, nicorandil, and a nicorandil derivative in an amount effective to ameliorate mitochondrial toxicity caused by administration of a chemical, food, or drug.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a disease and/or a condition, including an infection from a paramyxovirus and/or an orthomyxovirus, with a nucleoside, a nucleotide and an analog thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for treating or preventing a sexually transmitted infection in a subject.

Abstract: Methods of treating gastrointestinal disorders, in a patient in need thereof, including disorders of the liver and pancreas, using an amount of an orally dosed TLR-7 compound in an amount sufficient to increase IFN in the gastrointestinal area, including the liver, but not significantly increasing systemic IFN.

Abstract: 2?-Fluoro-nucleoside compounds are disclosed which are useful in the treatment of hepatitis B infection, hepatitis C infection, HIV and abnormal cellular proliferation, including tumors and cancer. The compounds have the general formulae: wherein Base is a purine or pyrimidine base; R1 is OH, H, OR3, N3, CN, halogen, CF3, lower alkyl, amino, loweralkylamino, di(lower)alkylamino, or alkoxy; R2 is H, phosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug; acyl, or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving benzyl, a lipid, an amino acid, peptide, or cholesterol; and R3 is acyl, alkyl, phosphate, or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with hepatitis C comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: Conformationally locked 2?,4?-carbocylic nucleosides with improved thermal and nuclease stability are disclosed. Oligonucleotides incorporating the locked nucleosides, and methods of treating disease states, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition comprising (a) one or more ?-3 fatty acids selected from DHA, DPA and EPA, (b) uridine or its equivalent, and (c) a methyl donor, useful in the treatment of a person having characteristics of a prodromal dementia patient. The characteristics include e.g. a level of more than 350 ng Total-tau per liter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and a weight ratio of abeta-42/Phospho-tau-181 of less than 6.5 in CSF.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical solution suitable for oral administration comprising ?-L-thymidine/2?-deoxy-L-thymidine (telbivudine), a pharmaceutically suitable solvent system, one or more taste-enhancing/masking agents, a preservative system, and a buffer system suitable to allow both drug stability and preservation.

Abstract: What is disclosed in the invention is a preparation method of a supercritical Cinnamomum subavenium extract, which is made from the material, the dried stem of C. subavenium. The extract is obtained by extracting C. subavenium which is pulverized as particles with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The C. subavenium extract or its active ingredient, subamolide A, can be used to inhibit the growth of human urothelial carcinoma cell lines. In addition, the C. subavenium extract (or subamolide A) is able to synergistically inhibit the growth of human urothelial carcinoma cell lines with cisplatin (CDDP) or gemcitabine (Gem). Therefore, the C. subavenium extract (or subamolide A) can be an anticancer drug alone, or forms a pharmaceutical composition with CDDP (or Gem) to treat with cancers in respect of urinary system.

Abstract: A controlled release delivery composition comprising: a housing adapted for oral administration; and a plurality of discrete vehicles assembled within the housing, each of the vehicles are not compressed together, each of the vehicles being a bead, a pellet, a tablet, and/or granules compressed into a preselect shape, wherein each of the vehicles comprise a different combination and/or amount of an active agent, an amino acid, a buffer, and a polymer, such that each of the vehicles comprises a different active agent and/or release property from each other, wherein each of the vehicles releases the active agent independently of each other, and wherein each of the vehicles remains independent from each other and intact within the housing prior to oral administration of the delivery composition.

Abstract: The invention is related to phosphorus substituted anti-viral inhibitory compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides compositions and methods of treating a Flaviviridae infection, including hepatitis C virus, West Nile Virus, yellow fever virus, and a rhinovirus infection in a host, including animals, and especially humans, using a (2?R)-2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-C-methyl nucleosides, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are Mannich base N-oxides of drugs containing acidic N—H groups. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Mannich base N-oxides, or a N-oxide rearrangement product, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, are also disclosed. Further, disclosed are methods of using the compounds, alone or in combination with one or more other active agents or treatments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2?-chloroacetylenyl-substituted nucleoside derivatives of the general formula (I): As well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods to treat or prevent an HIV infection, HBV infection, HCV infection or abnormal cellular proliferation, comprising administering said compounds or compositions. In addition, the present invention includes processes for the preparation of such compounds, and the related ?-D and ?-L-nucleoside derivatives.

Abstract: The invention is related to compounds of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, and/or phosphonate thereof, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions methods for treating susceptible viral infections, especially hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections as well as co infections of HCV with other viruses such as HBV and/or HIV. In one embodiment, the present invention provides compositions having the formula (I) and their use in treating viral infections: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, stereoisomer, tautomers, solvate, prodrug, or combination thereof.

Abstract: Provided are modulators of TLRs of Formula II: pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I: including any possible stereoisomers thereof, wherein: R1 is hydrogen or halo; R4 is a monophosphate, diphosphate or triphosphate ester; or R4 is a group of formula R7 is optionally substituted phenyl; naphthyl; indolyl or N—C1-C6alkyloxycarbonyl-indolyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, benzyl; R8? is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, benzyl; or R8 and R8? together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form C3-C7cycloalkyl; R9 is C1-C10alkyl, benzyl, or optionally substituted phenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. pharmaceutical formulations and the use of compounds I as HCV inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for determining whether blood flow is restricted in a blood vessel of an individual suspected of compromised blood flow in the vessel, the method comprising the steps of delivering UTP, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof to the vessel, assessing blood flow quantitatively in the vessel by obtaining a value that correlates to blood flow in said vessel, comparing the obtained value with a reference value, and determining whether the individual has compromised blood flow based on the results of the comparison. The invention also provides for methods of diagnosing atherosclerotic and ischemic heart diseases using UTP, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof, as well as methods for inducing maximal hyperemia for diagnostic purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating chronic hepatitis B, containing clevudine and adefovir dipivoxil. The combined formulation of the present invention maximizes the effect for treating diseases caused by infection of hepatitis B virus and shows a mutual inhibitory activity against a resistant virus compared with a single-component formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to the field of cancer prognosis and treatment. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and compositions that utilize a particular panel of gene products (“biomarkers”) and their differential expression patterns (“expression signatures”), wherein the expression patterns correlate with responsiveness, or lack thereof, to chemotherapy treatment. The invention is based on the identification of a specific set of biomarkers that are differentially expressed in chemotherapy-treated tumors and which are useful in predicting the likelihood of a therapeutic response, including residual disease persistence and subsequent tumor recurrence in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The gene panel is also useful in designing specific adjuvant modalities with improved therapeutic efficiency. Also disclosed are methods for characterizing tumors according to expression of the biomarkers described herein.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds useful in the modulation of blood uric acid levels, formulations containing them and methods of making and using them. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are used in the treatment or prevention of disorders related to aberrant levels of uric acid.

Abstract: The present invention comprises compounds useful as antiviral or antitumor agents. The compounds comprise nucleotide analogues that comprise tetrahydrofuranyl or tetrahydrothienyl moeities with quaternary centers at the 3? position. The nucleotide analogues can be used to inhibit cancer or viruses. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating, preventing, and/or inhibiting diseases or conditions associated with cancers and viruses. Thus, the present invention also comprising pharmaceutical formulations comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds and formulations to inhibit viruses or tumors and treat, prevent, or inhibit the foregoing diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids and one or more components which have a beneficial effect on total methionine metabolism selected from the group consisting of vitamin B12 and precursors thereof, vitamin B6 and derivatives thereof, folic acid, zinc and magnesium, in the manufacture of a preparation for improving the action of receptors. This preparation is advantageously applied in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, epilepsy, schizophrenia, paranoia, depression, sleep disorders, impaired memory function, psychoses, dementia and ADHD.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for supporting operational activities in daily living by providing a combination of (a) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly DHA and/or EPA, and (b) nucleosides or nucleotides, particularly uridine or its equivalent. The operational activities comprise eating; walking; toileting; bathing; grooming; dressing; use of communication equipment; making conversations; keeping appointments; use of household appliances; cleaning dishes; preparation of meal or drink; writing; reading; independent housekeeping; transportation and shopping.

Abstract: A compound of the formula is disclosed as an HIV protease inhibitor. Methods and compositions for inhibiting an HIV infection are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the use of a lipid fraction for the support of brain function. The lipid fraction comprises the medium-chain fatty acids at least 4 g hexanoic acid and/or at least 5 g octanoic acid, at least 1 g eicosapentaenoic acid, and in addition more than 0.4 g ?-linolenic acid per 100 g fatty acids of the lipid fraction.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with hepatitis C comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with flavivirus or pestivirus comprising administering an effective flavivirus or pestivirus treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition having an excellent controlling activity on plant disease. The composition comprising the compound represented by the formula (1) and one or more antibiotic fungicidal compound selected from the group (A) shows an excellent controlling activity on a plant disease.