Abstract: The present invention is directed to transdermal compositions and the uses thereof. These compositions include at least one of the following components: a C1-C6 dialkyl, C12-C30 dialkyl quaternary ammonium salt, a C12-C30 fatty acid, a nitrogenous organic base, C12-C30 fatty alcohol, monoglyceride or the reaction products thereof.

Abstract: This document features methods related to selectively inducing nociceptor blockade. For example, methods of treating pain by administering antinociceptor agents are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a material which contains a lipophilic component having a pungent taste or flavor such as a spicy component (e.g., a capsaicin) and a bitter component (e.g., a turmeric extract), in which the pungent taste and/or flavor of the lipophilic component can be reduced effectively, and in which the separation among components contained therein is not caused; a method for producing the material; a composition such as a food, a beverage, a cosmetic and a medicine, which contains the material; and a liquid composition having such a form that the material is dispersed in water.

Abstract: The present application provides a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition that includes (2E,6Z,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide. The synthetic spilanthol composition can also contain, and at least one of (2E, 6E, 8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide and (2E, 6Z, 8Z)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide, the (N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide being present in amounts effective to impart a salivating or tingle effect while reducing the perception of off notes, as compared to the off-notes perceived upon consumption of natural spilanthol (e.g. spilanthol obtained from jambu oleoresin). Methods of increasing salivation and/or providing a tingling sensation upon consuming an orally consumable product that include adding to the product a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition are also provided.

Abstract: A matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system including capsaicin or a capsaicin derivative as an active component and used for treating neuropathy, pain, and inflammation and a preparation method thereof are provided. The matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system includes: a drug protecting layer; a matrix layer formed on the drug protecting layer and including 0.1-25 wt % of capsaicin or a capsaicin derivative, 40-95 wt % of an adhesive including a water-insoluble acrylic polymer, 1-30 wt % of an alcohol having a molecular weight of 600 Daltons or less, 0.1-20 wt % of a nonionic surfactant, and 0.1-20 wt % of a solubilizing agent including a hydrophilic polymer; and a release liner formed on the matrix layer, and is used for treating neuropathy, pain, or inflammation.

Abstract: There are provided various polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof. These compounds can be useful as cancer chemopreventive agents, cancer treating agent, inhibiting tumor growth or cell proliferation, reducing tumor growth or as radioenhencers for radiotherapy of cancer.

Abstract: Compounds selected from: where DRUG-OH, DRUG-COOH and DRUG-NH2 are biologically active compounds; each X is independently selected from —CH2COO— (glycolic acid moiety), —CH(CH3)COO— (lactic acid moiety), —CH2CH2OCH2COO— (dioxanone moiety), —CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO— (caprolactone moiety), —(CH2)yCOO—, where y is 2-4 or 6-24 and —(CH2CH2O)zCH2COO—, where z is 2-24; each Y is independently selected from —COCH2O— (glycolic ester moiety), —COCH(CH3)O— (lactic ester moiety), —COCH2OCH2CH2O— (dioxanone ester moiety), —COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O— (caprolactone ester moiety), —CO(CH2)mO—, where m is 2-4 or 6-24 and —COCH2O(CH2CH2O)n— where n is between 2-24; R? is hydrogen, benzyl or an alkyl group, the alkyl group being either straight-chained or branched; and p is 1-6. Multi-functional compounds and drug dimers, oligomers and polymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of inhibiting inflammation and/or the complement cascade and/or the kinin cascade in a human or non-human animal patient, particularly in a wound (for example, a chronic ulcerous skin lesion) in a human or non-human mammal (particularly a human). The affected location of the patient is contacted with a hydrogel composition comprising a hydrophilic polymer carrying multiple pendant sulphonyl groups, optionally with multiple pendant carboxylic groups, on each polymer molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to pharmacological methods for the prevention or amelioration of sleep-related breathing disorders via administration of cannabimimetic agents and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for the treatment of a sexual dysfunction such as premature ejaculation. In certain embodiments, a NMDA antagonist (e.g., dextromethorphan) is administered to a subject in combination with tramadol or a tramadol derivative to treat premature ejaculation. In certain embodiments, a capsaicinoid (e.g., capsaicin) and/or a phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor (e.g., sildenafil citrate) are further administered to the subject. Pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets and capsules are provided.

Abstract: A method of ameliorating a sleep-related breathing disorder via administration of at least one cannabimimetic agent, such as oleamide or ?9THC, to an individual in need of treatment.

Abstract: The invention features a method for inhibiting one or more voltage-gated ion channels in a cell by contacting the cell with (i) a first compound that activates a channel-forming receptor that is present on nociceptors and/or pruriceptors; and (ii) a second compound that inhibits one or more voltage-gated ion channels when applied to the internal face of the channels but does not substantially inhibit said channels when applied to the external face of the channels, wherein the second compound is capable of entering nociceptors or pruriceptors through the channel-forming receptor when the receptor is activated. The invention also features a quarternary amine derivative or other permanently or transiently charged derivative of a compound that inhibits one or more voltage-gated ion channels when applied to the internal face of the channels but does not substantially inhibit said channels when applied to the external face of the channels.

Abstract: The present invention describes provides the use of anandamide for the manufacture of a nutraceutical for oral intake preferably a medicament for reducing appetite, giving a satiety effect, preventing or reducing inflammatory bowel disease or preventing or reducing irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract: Compositions useful to prevent or treat obesity in an animal are disclosed. The compositions comprise a capsaicinoid, preferably capsaicin, or an active metabolite thereof, in an amount effect to prevent or treat obesity in an animal. Also disclosed are methods to prevent or treat obesity in an animal comprising administering a composition of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides amphiphilic diacetylene compounds, and compositions and self-assembled nanotubes containing the same. Also provided are methods of producing the compounds, compositions, and nanotubes of the invention, and methods of destroying or inhibiting the growth or proliferation of microorganisms using the nanotubes of the present invention.

Abstract: The compounds D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and capsaicin are useful for prevention, treatment, or both, of hepatic encephalopathy. The compounds capsaicin, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), HU-308 and cannabidiol are useful for prevention, treatment, or both, of liver cirrhosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ligands of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2, especially (+)-?-pinene derivatives, and to pharmaceutical compositions thereof, which are useful for promoting, inducing and enhancing neurogenesis including neural cell regeneration. In particular, pharmaceutical compositions of the invention will be useful for preventing, alleviating or treating neurological injuries or damages to the CNS or the PNS associated with physical injury, ischemia, neurodegenerative disorders, certain medical procedures or medications, tumors, infections, metabolic or nutritional disorders, cognition or mood disorders, and various medical conditions associated with neural damage or destruction.

Abstract: A composition and method for eliminating foreign bodies from a host. The composition include active ingredients of menthol, camphor, and capsaicin, as well as additional components including aloe vera extract, carbomer, decyl polyglucose, deionized water, grapefruit seed extract, green tea extract, orange peel extract, queen of the prairie extract, rose water, silica, sodium, hydroxymethyl glycinate, vegetable glycerin, witch hazel, and yucca extract. The composition kills and eradicates the foreign bodies providing relief to the host.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of altering the function of TRPV1+ sensory afferent neurons in the pancreas as a way of treating, managing, alleviating, etc., the symptoms and/or underlying causes of diabetes or abnormal glucose metabolism by increasing the release of neuropeptides, such as substance P (sP) or other tachykinin peptide, in the pancreas. This may be achieved by injecting a TRPV1 agonist, such as a capsaicinoid compound or capsaicin analog, or a neuropeptide, such as sP or other tachykinin peptide, directly into the pancreas, or alternatively, by stimulating one or more intercostal and/or subcostal nerves of spinal nerves derived from one or more thoracic segments T8 through T12 by chemical, electrical, surgical, mechanical, etc., methods.

Abstract: There are provided various compounds and compositions comprising polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof. These compounds and compositions can be useful as cancer chemopreventive agents. They can also be useful for enhancing solubility of various active agents and enhancing their bioavailability.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for controlling inflammatory tissue access through release of neuropeptides, such as substance P (sP), to insulin-responsive sensory neurons, whereby simultaneous control of insulin sensitivity/resistance is manifested. In models of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, sensory afferents, in particular TRPV1, have fundamental roles in insulin/glucose homeostasis, islet physiology and autoimmune tissue inflammation. By manipulation of the TRPV1 neuro-?-cell circuit or enhancement of pancreatic sP levels, normalization of insulin resistance, clearance of inflammation and prevention of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is realized.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are different and each is chosen from a methyl group and a hydrogen atom; wherein X is chosen from a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylate group, a carboxamide group; or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, complex, or pro-drug of said compound. A pharmaceutical composition and a lipid composition comprising a compound of formula (I) is also disclosed. A method for the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus, amyloidos-related diseases, cardiovascular-diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to insecticidal compositions comprising compounds having an inhibitory activity versus acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) or salts thereof as effective ingredients. The compounds having inhibitory activity versus ACAT have an excellent insecticidal effect by inhibiting sterol metabolism in noxious insects. Therefore, the compounds of the present invention can be used as safe and effective insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adjuvant that is a hydroxy unsaturated fatty acid or a derivative thereof, as well as a vaccine preparation containing the adjuvant as a constituent.

Abstract: One aspect of this disclosure relates generally to lipid compounds that exert diverse effects in the endocannabinoid system, such as regulating CB1 and CB2 receptor or moderating other bio-macromolecules within the endocannabinoid system. Some of the compounds showed improved receptor binding affinity, and/or improved receptor subtype selectivity, and improved bio-stability. Some of the compounds exhibit activities to regulate the enzymes that moderate the bio-disposal of endogenous cannabinoids, such as the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Some of the compounds exhibit activities to inhibit the anandamide transporter. Other aspects of the invention are pharmaceutical preparations employing these ligands and methods of administering therapeutically effective amounts of the preparations to provide a physiological effect.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, the invention comprises the use of plant-derived substances to reduce body fat and/or to increase insulin sensitivity in mammals. In certain embodiments, the invention comprises a composition for reducing the amount of fat in the body of a mammal, the composition comprising at least one plant-derived substance which inhibits adipogenesis in the body of the mammal and at least one plant-derived substance which promotes lipolysis in the body of the mammal. In certain embodiments, the invention comprises a composition for reducing the amount of fat in the body of a mammal, the composition comprising at least one plant-derived substance which inhibits adipogenesis in the body of the mammal, at least one plant-derived substance which promotes lipolysis in the body of the mammal, and at least one plant-derived substance which inhibits lipogenesis in the body of the mammal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel heterocycle derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of disorders and conditions modulated by the androgen receptor.

Abstract: A method of treating the conditions which involve inflammation, algesia and ineffective healing by preemptively applying capsaicin topically prior to or at the onset of the process thereby diminishing harmful effects.

Abstract: An individual alkamide and/or a mixture having two or more different alkamides, is disclosed for changing, masking or reducing the unpleasant flavor impression of an unpleasant-tasting substance or mixture of substances. The alkamide can be trans-pellitorine; cis-pellitorine; 2Z,4Z- or 2Z,4E-decadienoic acid-N-isobutylamide; 2E,4E-decadienoic acid-N-([2S]-2-methylbutyl)amide; 2E,4E-decadienoic acid-N-([2R]-2-methylbutylamide); 2E,4Z-decadienoic acid-N-(2-methylbutyl)amide; achilleamide; sarmentine; 2E- or 3E-decenoic acid-N-isobutylamide; 3E-nonenoic acid-N-isobutylamide; spilanthol; homospilanthol; 2E,6Z,8E-decatrienoic acid-N-([2R]-2-methylbutyl)amide; 2E- or 2Z-decen-4-oic acid-N-isobutylamide; ?-sanshool; ?-hydroxysanshool; ?-hydroxysanshool; ?-hydroxysanshool; ?-hydroxyisosanshool; ?-dehydrosanshool; ?-sanshool; bungeanool; isobungeanool; dihydrobungeanool; or tetrahydrobungeanool, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method for relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof, comprising administering by injection or infiltration, a dose of a capsaicinoid and coadministering an effective amount of a NSAID to decrease an undesired effect of the capsaicinoid.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method for relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof, comprising administering by injection or infiltration, a dose of a capsaicinoid and coadministering a vasoconstrictor.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method for relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof, comprising administering by injection or infiltration, a dose of a capsaicinoid and coadministering a tricyclic antidepressant.

Abstract: An improved method of increasing tear production is by intranasally administering a therapeutically effective amount of a capsaicinoid compound to patients with deficient tear production. Optional incorporation into the intranasal formulation of a topical corticosteroid or topical anesthetic compound is used to reduce transient nasal stinging and burning which may sometimes accompany intranasal administration of capsaicinoids.

Abstract: A nasal rinse additive composition includes oleoresin capsicum containing capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin as active ingredients. The nasal rinse additive composition can further include vegetable glycerin, purified water, spearmint oil, lemongrass oil, sea salt, and/or ascorbic acid. The composition can be used to relieve and/or prevent pain, dryness, and/or inflammation associated with chronic and occasional nasal congestion.

Abstract: A method of repelling sharks for limiting their attacking a surfboard user comprises applying a conventional surfboard traction improving solid wax that also incorporates a shark repellent such as a surfactant, a capsaicinoid or a semiochemical in a concentration based on the “Johnson & Baldridge Test”. The extent of application is consequently sufficient to render the coated surfboard foul tasting when bitten by a shark but insufficient to reliably repel a shark in response to the dispersion in the water of the repellent. The invention extends to a shark repellent incorporating surfboard coating wax.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method for relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof, comprising administering by injection or infiltration, a dose of a capsaicinoid and coadministering a non-anesthetic sodium channel blocker.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sore throat relief composition and a method of producing the composition comprising oleoresin capsicum containing capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin as active ingredients, combined with vegetable glycerin, purified water, spearmint oil, wild cherry bark, clove honey, and ascorbic acid for fully relieving and preventing chronic and occasional sore throat symptoms, including pain, dryness, and inflammation.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method for relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof, comprising administering by injection or infiltration, a dose of a capsaicinoid and coadministering a vasodilator.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition containing curcumin and resveratrol and its application in the medical field. In particular, the composition according to the invention can be advantageously employed for preventing ageing and vascular diseases, for the treatment and the prophylaxis of cancers as prostate carcinoma, of skin diseases as psoriasis, and of the piliferous system as hair loss.

Abstract: Methods and kits for controlling bleeding from a disrupted blood vessel, wherein a vanilloid receptor agonist is administered to the site of the disruption of the blood vessel in a quantity sufficient to control the bleeding.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of 2E,4Z-decadienoic acid-N-isobutylamide (cis-pellitorine) and its use as a pungent principle and aromatic substance having a heat-generating effect, preferably in preparations used for foodstuffs, oral hygiene or luxury foodstuffs.

Abstract: Methods, pharmaceutical compositions, and compounds for reducing body weight, modulating body lipid metabolism, and reducing food intake in mammals are provided. The compounds of the invention include fatty acid ethanolamide compounds, homologues and analogs of which the prototype is the endogenous fatty acid ethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide.

Abstract: Lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma or acute and chronic bronchitis, can be treated with an oxyamide-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for human neural cell production. More particularly, the present invention provides cellular differentiation methods employing amphiphilic lipid compounds, preferably ceramide analogs of the ?-hydroxyalkylamine type and optionally employing an essentially serum free MEDII conditioned medium for the generation of human neural cells from pluripotent human cells. The methods alternatively comprise modulating apoptosis by modifying the levels of PAR-4, with or without the presence of amphiphilic lipid compounds and optionally employing MEDII conditioned medium. The methods alternatively encompass modulating apoptosis by modulating the intracellular concentration of endogenous lipid second messengers, such as ceramide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition having activity of inhibiting acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransf erase, which comprises retrofractamide A, pipercide, piperrolein B, piperchabamide D, pellitorin or combinations thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof . The composition is effective for preventing and treating vascular diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, etc.

Abstract: A drag may be used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of an ophthalmologic disorder, wherein the drug inhibits, antagonizes, or short-circuits the visual cycle at a step of the visual cycle that occurs outside a disc of a rod photoreceptor cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof by administering at a discrete site in a human or animal in need thereof a dose of capsaicin in an amount effective to denervate a discrete site without eliciting an effect outside the discrete location, the dose of capsaicin ranging from 1 ?g to 3000 ?g.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for attenuating or relieving pain at a site in a human or animal in need thereof by infiltrating at a surgical site or open wound in a human or animal a dose of capsaicinoid in an amount effective to denervate the surgical site or open wound substantially without eliciting an effect outside the surgical site or open wound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic receptors, products and methods which are useful in relation to the binding of phosphates for example in water purification and renal dialysis systems.

Abstract: This invention is directed generally to compositions (including foods, supplements, treats, toys, etc.) for animal consumption, particularly compositions that tend to aid in weight loss or reduction in weight gain, and particularly compositions that comprise oleamide. This invention also is directed generally to methods for using such compositions. This invention is further directed generally to processes for making such compositions.