Abstract: A dispersant slurry for making spandex, based on phosphated block poly(alkylsiloxane)-poly(alkyleneether) alcohol or aromatic- or alkylaromatic-terminated phosphated poly(alkyleneether) alcohol dispersants, is provided.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of nano size zinc oxide particles having an average primary particle diameter of less than or equal to 15 nm, which are redispersible in organic solvents and/or water, by basic hydrolysis of at least one zinc compound in alcohol or an alcohol/water mixture. The hydrolysis is carried out with substoichiometric amounts of base, based on the zinc compound. The precipitate which originally forms during hydrolysis is left to mature until the zinc oxide has completely flocculated. This precipitate is then thickened to give a gel and separated off from the supernatant phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of particles of nano-materials being transition metals and alloys; metal oxides; and ceramic compositions having a small nanosize, i.e. about 1-6 nm. The method comprises a synthesis in the solutions of complex liquids from suitable precursors, which precursors are selected from suitable surfactants and alkoxides, by a suitable chemical reaction under mild conditions; and preparing from said materials fine colloids dispersed in various polymer solutions. The water in the solution is preferably non freezing water, the mild conditions are atmospheric pressure and a temperature range of room temperature to 70° C., and the reaction condition is selected among a hydrolysis, reduction and exchange process.

Abstract: A new and useful nonaqueous liquid pigment dispersion is provided which is easy to handle and produces thorough and effective colorations within target media, particularly as compared to standard solid pigments or high-viscosity liquid pigment dispersions. More specifically, the present invention relates to liquid pigment dispersions possessing viscosities of at most 5,000 centipoise at standard temperature and pressure. Such a low viscosity is obtained through the addition of relatively low amounts of aprotic viscosity modifiers possessing dipole moments of at between about 1.0 and 5.0, alternatively measured in terms of a flash point between about −20° C. and 180°, such as, most preferably cyclic carbonates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of nano-zinc oxide dispersions stabilized by hydroxyl group-containing inorganic polymers.

Abstract: A dispersion comprises at least 30 per cent by weight of particles of a metal oxide having an average primary particle size of less than 200 nm dispersed in a siloxane fluid dispersing medium and a dispersing agent wherein said metal oxide particles are hydrophoobic, and the dispersing agent is polylkylene oxide/polyalkylsiloxane block copolymer comprising at least 30 per cent by weight of the copolymer of polyalkylsiloxane. The dispersion is particularly suitable for use as an ingredient in sunscreening cosmetics.

Abstract: A process for making a functional film by adding a magnesium alkoxide and a diethanolamine, which can dissolve or disperse the magnesium alkoxide, in an organic solvent followed by allowing hydrolysis of the magnesium alkoxide to proceed in a rate-controlling manner wherein the magnesium alkoxide is dissolved or dispersed in the organic solvent. Water is added in no more than a stoichiometric amount to the solution or dispersion partially to hydrolyze the magnesium alkoxide. The partial hydrolyzate solution is matured to grow magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide particles, resulting in a stable sol solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a sol of lead zirconium titanate, known as PZT, of formula PbZrxTi(1-x)O3 with 0.45≦x≦0.

Abstract: A procedure for making well dispersed suspensions containing mixtures of powders displaying a low viscosity which remain stable over an extended period of time includes suspensions prepared in aqueous and/or ethanolic media using a cationic polyelectrolyte at the inherent pH of the mixture. The method is particularly useful for making robust slurries for subsequent spray drying of free flowing granules to be used in the fabrication of cemented carbide or cermet bodies.

Abstract: An organic sol containing: cerium oxide particles; an organic liquid phase; and at least one amphiphilic compound chosen from polyoxyethylenated alkyl ethers of carboxylic acids, polyoxyethylenated alkyl ether phosphates, dialkyl sulphosuccinates and quaternary ammonium compounds. A process for preparing the sol is characterized in that the abovementioned amphiphilic compound and the organic liquid phase are mixed together and the cerium oxide particles are then dispersed in the mixture obtained. According to a second variant, a mixture of cerium oxide and of at least one abovementioned amphiphilic compound is formed and the said mixture is then dispersed in the organic liquid phase.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nanocrystallite from a M-containing salt forms a nanocrystallite. The nanocrystallite can be a member of a population of nanocrystallites having a narrow size distribution and can include one or more semiconductor materials. Semiconducting nanocrystallites can photoluminesce and can have high emission quantum efficiencies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making a hexagonal boron nitride slurry and the resulting slurry. The method involves mixing from about 0.5 wt. % to about 5 wt. % surfactant with about 30 wt. % to about 50 wt. % hexagonal boron nitride powder in a medium under conditions effective to produce a hexagonal boron nitride slurry. The present invention also relates to a method for making a spherical boron nitride powder and a method for making a hexagonal boron nitride paste using a hexagonal boron nitride slurry. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a hexagonal boron nitride paste including from about 60 wt. % to about 80 wt. % solid hexagonal boron nitride. Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a spherical boron nitride powder, a polymer blend including a polymer and the spherical hexagonal boron nitride powder, and a system including such a polymer blend.

Abstract: A new and useful nonaqueous liquid pigment dispersion is provided which is easy to handle and produces thorough and effective colorations within target media, particularly as compared to standard solid pigments or high-viscosity liquid pigment dispersions. More specifically, the present invention relates to liquid pigment dispersions possessing viscosities of at most 5,000 centipoise at standard temperature and pressure. Such a low viscosity is obtained through the addition of relatively low amounts of aprotic viscosity modifiers possessing dipole moments of at between about 1.0 and 5.0, alternatively measured in terms of a flash point between about −20° C. and 180°, such as, most preferably cyclic carbonates.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nanocrystallite from a M-containing salt forms a nanocrystallite. The nanocrystallite can be a member of a population of nanocrystallites having a narrow size distribution and can include one or more semiconductor materials. Semiconducting nanocrystallites can photoluminesce and can have high emission quantum efficiencies.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a an accelerator-gel additive used to deliver an accelerator such as sulfur, into a system for the production of polymer modified asphalt, vulcanized rubber or similar system. Unlike conventional methods of delivering accelerator into the system, the accelerator-gel additive suspends the accelerator in a gel system thereby preventing the sedimentation of the accelerator during processing. As a result, the polymer and asphalt are processed at lower temperature reducing the production of toxic and flammable gases such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A method of forming ligated nanoparticles of the formula Y(Z)x where Y is a nanoparticle selected from the group consisting of elemental metals having atomic numbers ranging from 21-34, 39-52, 57-83 and 89-102, all inclusive, the halides, oxides and sulfides of such metals, and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal halides, and Z represents ligand moieties such as the alkyl thiols. In the method, a first colloidal dispersion is formed made up of nanoparticles solvated in a molar excess of a first solvent (preferably a ketone such as acetone), a second solvent different than the first solvent (preferably an organic aryl solvent such as toluene) and a quantity of ligand moieties; the first solvent is then removed under vacuum and the ligand moieties ligate to the nanoparticles to give a second colloidal dispersion of the ligated nanoparticles solvated in the second solvent. If substantially monodispersed nanoparticles are desired, the second dispersion is subjected to a digestive ripening process.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of mineral fillers using organic phosphate treatment agents. Treated mineral fillers obtained by said method and suspension of these treated mineral fillers in polyols. Use of these suspensions in the manufacture of flexible, semirigid, or rigid polyurethane foams used for the manufacture of molded or nonmolded objects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for modifying the dispersing properties of organometallic-prestabilized or organometallic-pretreated nanometal colloids by reacting reactive metal-carbon bonds in the protective shell to prepare nanometal colloids having a wide range of solubilities in hydrophilic and hydrophobic media including water, to the colloids thus prepared and their use.

Abstract: A dispersant slurry for making spandex, based on phosphated block poly(alkylsiloxane)-poly(alkyleneether) alcohol or aromatic- or alkylaromatic-terminated phosphated poly(alkyleneether) alcohol dispersants, is provided.

Abstract: A process to prepare a stable dispersion of nanoparticles and non-aqueous media. A polymeric dispersant is combined with non-aqueous media to form a mixture. Nanoparticles are then added to the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to new single- or multi-metallic magnetic colloid particles (for example, Fe, Co, Ni, Fe/Co) having a size of up to 20 nm, the surface of which is protected against corrosion by precious metals, such as Pd, Ag, Pt or Au. The invention also relates to a method for producing such materials. In isolated form or in solution said materials are used among other things as sealing media against dust and gas in magnetic fluid seals (liquid O ring), for lubricating and mounting rotating shafts (magnetic levitation bearing), for the magnetooptic storage of information as well as for the magnetic marking of cells and their separation in biological samples or for the local administration of medicines.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composition comprising a mixture with ester and amine function in the form of ester-amines, amines, salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in polymerized polyunsaturated oil comprising: (a) polymerizing a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil to form a polymerized oil, (b) treating the polymerized oil with water vapor, and (c) reacting the polymerized oil with an excess of at least one compound containing at least one hydroxyl function and at least one tertiary amine function, optionally in the presence of a catalyst. Said methods further comprise adding the compositions to an oil effluent as dispersing agents for hydrates.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a composition mainly containing compounds with ester and amide functions, in particular in the form of ester-amides, as well as compounds with amine functions, such as ester-amines, the salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides, formed from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in a polymerized polyunsaturated oil, a process is implemented which comprises the following stages: a) use (or preparation) of a polymerized oil by polymerization of a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil; b) treatment of said polymerized oil by entrainment with water vapor; and c) reaction of the polymerized oil thus treated with an excess of at least one aminoalcohol, in the presence or not of a catalyst. This composition can be used as an emulsifying and dispersing surfactant, in particular as an additive for dispersing hydrates in oil effluents.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula I where X is 1 or 2; n is from 2 to 18; m and o are each from 2 to 100; k is from 2 to 4; R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical; and R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, or sulfopropyl radical, and to there use as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing particles having a particle size of less than 100 nm and surface areas of at least 20 m2/g where the particles are free from agglomeration. The method involves synthesizing the particles within an emulsion having a 1-40% water content to form reverse micelles. In particular, the particles formed are metal oxide particles. The particles can be used to oxidize hydrocarbons, particularly methane.

Abstract: A glycol dispersion of an inorganic powder is provided, which comprises glycol and an inorganic powder dispersed therein, said inorganic powder being surface-treated with a dispersant having a solubility of not less than 5 (g/100 g-water) in water of 20° C., and which contains water and/or methanol in the specific amounts. According to the present invention, it is not required to transport a slurry of water, methanol or glycol, but possible to transport in the form of powder, so that efficiency in transportation is not only enhanced, but a drastic simplification in the production steps and a cost reduction are attainable because neither a distillation apparatus for replacing a solvent such as water and methanol with glycol nor a step of wet-pulverizing is required. Moreover, a glycol dispersion of the present invention is able to reproduce the excellent shape and size of the inorganic particles before drying or in the initial state and therefore has an excellent dispersibility.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate provided, on at least a portion of one of its faces, with a coating with a photocatalytic property based on titanium dioxide which is at least partially crystalline and which is incorporated in the said coating partly in the form of particles predominantly crystallized in the anatase form. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this substrate and organic dispersions of titanium dioxide particles used in the said process for the preparation of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel modified stannic oxide—zirconium oxide complex sol and a preparation method thereof, particularly a stable sol which contains 2-50% by weight of total metal oxides comprising modified colloidal particles of a stannic oxide—zirconium oxide complex having a particle diameter having 4.5-60 nm, wherein the particles are formed by coating complex colloidal particles of a stannic oxide—zirconium oxide having a bonded structure of stannic oxide colloidal particles and zirconium oxide colloidal particles at a ZrO2/SnO2 ratio of 0.02-1.0 based on weights of these oxides and having a particle diameter of 4-50 nm as nuclei, with colloidal particles of a tungsten oxide—stannic oxide—silicon dioxide complex having such a constitution that a WO3/SnO2 weight ratio is 0.1-100, that a SiO2/SnO2 weight ratio is 0.1-100 and having a particle diameter of 2-7 nm, and preparation method thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula (I): wherein x is 1 or 2; n is a number from 2 to 18; m and n are each a number from 2 to 100; k is a number from 2 to 4; R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical which may be substituted by a functional radical; and R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or a sulfopropyl radical. The invention further relates to the use of the phosphoric esters as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media and in particular to methods of forming a highly filled sheet molding compound or bulk molding compound comprising the step of dispersing components of the molding compound with said phosphoric esters.

Abstract: Storage-stable sols are comprised of a colloidal dispersion of at least one compound of an acidic metal cation, Mn+, for example, cerium (IV) and/or iron (III), in an organic phase which comprises an organic liquid medium and an organic acid. The title sols are conveniently prepared via the phase transfer of colloidal particulates from a counterpart aqueous colloidal dispersion.

Abstract: A method of forming nanoparticles includes steps of forming a metal precursor solution from a transition metal, injecting the metal precursor solution to the surfactant solution, adding a flocculent to cause nanoparticles to precipitate out of solution without permanent agglomeration, and adding a hydrocarbon solvent to redisperse or repeptize the nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyglycerol partial esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids and polyfunctional carboxylic acids, which are obtainable by esterification of a polyglycerol mixture with saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and polyfunctional carboxylic acids having 4 to 54 carbon atoms and a mean functionality of from 2 to 2.4, the degree of esterification of the polyglycerol mixture being between 30 and 75%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a transparent conductive thin film of In2O3—SnO2 on a surface of a plastics substrate of less heat resistance other than that of glass, ceramics, etc. When an In2O3—SnO2 precursor sol is produced by hydrolyzing and polymerizing a solution containing indium alkoxide and tin alkoxide, either tri-s-butoxyindium or tri-t-butoxyindium is used as the indium alkoxide. Water is added to the solution containing indium alkoxide and tin alkoxide at a temperature of not higher than −20° C.

Abstract: Solvent-stabilized transition metal colloids are prepared either electrochemically by cathodically reducing metal salts in the presence of polar stabilizing solvents to form metal colloids, or the transition metal salts are reduced in polar solvents using an alcohol at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A dispersant system for formulating stable non-aqueous siliceous particulate slurries, comprising a vehicle comprising a liquid ester, and a dispersant comprising an alkoxylated aminoalcohol and organophosphate ester. Siliceous particulate slurries in accordance with the present invention can include slurries containing siliceous ceramic particulate (i.e., silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silica, and silicon metal powders partially oxidized by air exposure). A wide variety of linear and cyclic organic esters can be used as a vehicle component, including lactones. The alkoxylated aininoalcohol is typically an ethoxylated aminoethanol oligomer. A wide variety of aromatic and nonaromatic organophosphate ester compounds can be used for the second dispersant component.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of and apparatus for enhancing heat transfer in fluids such as deionized water. ethylene glycol, or oil by dispersing nanocrystalline particles of substances such as copper, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like in the fluids. Nanocrystalline particles are produced and dispersed in the fluid by heating the substance to be dispersed in a vacuum while passing a thin film of the fluid near the heated substance. The fluid is cooled to control its vapor pressure.

Abstract: The following are described herein: a composition that consists of a mixture that comprises at least amides, amines, ester-amides, ester-amines, amine salts and monoglycerides, that are all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids; a process for the production of said composition which comprises the transamidification reaction of a polyunsaturated vegetable oil that is polymerized thermally, with an excess of at least one amino alcohol, which may or may not be in the presence of a catalyst; and the uses of this composition particularly as an emulsifying agent that allow it, depending on the nature of the oil, to form an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, as a solid-dispersing agent, or as an agent for the stabilization of foams in a liquid or an emulsion.

Abstract: Storage-stable colloidal organic sols comprise suspended tetravalent metal oxide particulates in an organic diluent medium, notably cerium dioxide particulates, the tetravalent metal oxide particulates having a particle size d90 no greater than 200 nanometers and being complexed with at least one amphiphilic organic acid, and either said tetravalent metal oxide particulates comprising agglomerates of crystallites, the d80 of which being no greater than 5 nanometers and at least 90% of said agglomerates comprising from 1 to 5 crystallites, and/or said at least one amphiphilic organic acid has from 11 to 50 carbon atoms and is branched in at least one of the &agr;-, &bgr;-, &ggr;- or &dgr;-positions relative to the atom bearing the acidic hydrogen.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention relates to metal oxide sols comprising a liquid and a polycondensation product of about 2 to about 5,000 monomers of a partially hydrolyzed chelated metal oxide precursor. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for making a metal oxide sol comprising contacting a metal oxide precursor with a multifunctional compound in a liquid to provide a chelated metal oxide precursor; contacting the chelated metal oxide precursor with a hydrolyzing agent to provide partially hydrolyzed chelated metal oxide precursor monomers; and permitting the partially hydrolyzed chelated metal oxide precursor monomers to polycondense thereby forming a metal oxide sol.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of mineral fillers using organic phosphate treatment agents. Treated mineral fillers obtained by said method and suspension of these treated mineral fillers in polyols. Use of these suspensions in the manufacture of flexible, semirigid, or rigid polyurethane foams used for the manufacture of molded or nonmolded objects.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective layer for a dielectric material in an alternating current type plasma display is provided. In this connection, a coating sol solution is provided which can form a protective layer on a large area substrate without the need to introduce any expensive equipment, the protective layer thus formed being excellent in properties such as strength, adhesion, transparency, and protective properties and capable of being formed by a sol-gel process without use of the conventional vacuum process. The sol solution comprises a dispersion of a precursor to magnesium oxide in a specific form. A method for film formation, using this solution is also provided.

Abstract: A method for processing soot containing one or more rare earths, wherein said soot is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas, is disclosed. The method comprises (a) preparing an aqueous phase comprising a dispersion of at least one oxygenated metal compound; (b) simultaneously or consecutively contacting a suspension from step (a) with an organic phase including at least one amphiphilic agent and preferably an organic mixture or compound as the solvent; and c recovering the organic phase. Said oxygenated metal compound is produced by means of a method according to which a solution including at least one soluble rare-earth salt, usually an acetate and/or a chloride, is prepared; the solution is contacted with a basic medium and the resulting reaction mixture is maintained at a basic pH; and the precipitate formed by atomization or freeze-drying is recovered. Said method is useful in inorganic synthesis and catalysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate provided, on at least a portion of one of its faces, with a coating with a photocatalytic property based on titanium dioxide which is at least partially crystalline and which is incorporated in the said coating partly in the form of particles predominantly crystallized in the anatase form. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this substrate and organic dispersions of titanium dioxide particles used in the said process for the preparation of the substrate.

Abstract: A flexible coating composition of hard ceramic particles, a binder and a polymer, and a method of making the same is disclosed. The coating composition can withstand an animal attack with pressures.gtoreq.22,000 psi.

Abstract: Novel colloidal calcium thio-phosphorous products are described which can be obtained by a process comprising adding at least one phosphorus sulphide to colloidal lime in the presence of solvent, then heating the mixture, with stirring, then eliminating the solvent. These products can be used as anti-wear and extreme pressure additives in lubricating oils.

Abstract: There are provided a coating composition that can satisfactorily form a film even at a low temperature by chemical means in a simple and stable manner, has excellent film strength, adhesion, protective effect and other properties in the form of a functional film and can form a functional film at a low cost, a process for producing the coating composition, a functional film, and a process for producing the functional films.A hydrolyzable reaction site is partially hydrolyzed to prepare a sol of a partial hydrolyzate which is then coated on a substrate. The coating is then baked to prepare a corresponding metal oxide film, thereby forming a thin protective layer. Since no hydrolyzate is precipitated in the sol of the partial hydrolyzate, excellent film strength, adhesion, protective effect and other properties are offered.

Abstract: A process for preparing a LiCoO.sub.2 or LiNiO.sub.2 powder comprising the steps of dissolving lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide and cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt oxide or cobalt hydroxide; or dissolving lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide, and nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide to produce a mixed solution, sufficiently mixing the mixed solution with a chelating agent, polyacrylic acid, malic acid or polyvinyl butyral, slowly heating the above to produce a sol, continuously and slowly heating the sol to produce a gel precursor, heating the gel precursor to produce a precursor powder, and calcining the precursor powder to produce a LiCoO.sub.2 or LiNiO.sub.2 powder is simple and economic. The particles of the powder produced by the process are so microscopic and have a high specific surface area that cathode material of a lithium based secondary cell using the powder shows preferable properties.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated non-aqueous suspensions of water-soluble solids are prepared by using a water soluble active compound comprising water hydratable polysaccharides, biocides, fertilizers and mixtures thereof dispersed in water-miscible organic liquid carriers, preferably lower alkadiols in conjunction with a specific three component surfactant system, i.e., a system comprising a nonionic polymeric viscosity modifier surfactant; an anionic surfactant; and a nonionic surfactant having a bulky hydrophobic substituent group.