Abstract: Hollow polymer particles are provided to have an average particle diameter of 15 ?m or more and 500 ?m or less and a 10%-compressive strength of 1.5 MPa or more, and the hollow polymer particle includes a hollow portion in the interior. In addition, a porous ceramic filter is provided by firing a shaped material composed of a mixture in which the above-described hollow polymer particles are mixed to disperse in a ceramic composition.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam can be flame retarded by the incorporation therein of a flame retardant blend that comprises: (a) a non-oligomeric non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardant (e.g., a phosphate ester) that is adapted for use in a polyurethane foam formulation; and (b) an oligomeric organophosphorus flame retardant (e.g., a phosphate ester) having a phosphorus content of no less than about 10%, by weight, and at least three phosphate ester units therein.

Abstract: A hydrophilized porous film which can be obtained through hydrophilizing by a simple method without impairing rejection performance and permeation performance and easily retains the properties of a film material, and to provide a process for producing the same. The hydrophilized porous film comprises a hydrophobic polymer and dispersed therein an organized clay which has been organized with a hydrophilic compound, and is obtained by a process including a step of dispersing a clay organized with a hydrophilic compound in a solution of a hydrophobic polymer and a step of subjecting this solution to phase separation to obtain the hydrophilized porous film.

Abstract: A flexible, flame-retarded, polyurethane foam comprising brominated and/or phosphorous flame retardants and an acid scavenger.

Abstract: A fiber-free molding composition containing: (a) a binder selected from the group consisting of an epoxide, a polyisocyanate, a furane-resin-free phenolic resin, and mixtures thereof; and (b) a filler mixture containing: (i) an inorganic high-temperature-resistant filler; and (ii) a heat-activatable swelling agent.

Abstract: Catalysts contain, as structural units, at least one tertiary amino group and at least one group which, after its decomposition, is capable of complexing or protonating the tertiary amino group.

Abstract: A prepolymer composition for producing polyurethane insulating foams with fire-retardant properties from pressure tanks which consists of a prepolymer component with at least one PU prepolymer with a content of NCO groups of 4 to 20 wt % and usual additives, as well as a propellant component, wherein the prepolymer component is substantially halogenfree and has 5 to 40 wt %, based on the prepolymer component, of softening phosphates and/or phosphonates with the formulae O═P(OR3 and O═P(OR)2R.

Abstract: A method for the production of polyurethane products using very low unsaturation polyether polyols prepared in the presence of aluminum phosphonate catalysts is disclosed. Reaction products of the process include various polyurethane products including foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers. The aluminum phosphonate catalyst preferably has a general structure of RPO-(OAlR′R″)2, wherein O represents oxygen, P represents pentavalent phosphorous, Al represents aluminum, R comprises a hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R′ and R″ independently comprise a halide, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group.

Abstract: A method of making a molecularly imprinted porous structure makes use of a surfactant analog of the molecule to be imprinted that has the imprint molecule portion serving as the surfactant headgroup. The surfactant analog is allowed to self-assemble in a mixture to create at least one supramolecular structure having exposed imprint groups. The imprinted porous structure is formed by adding reactive monomers to the mixture and allowing the monomers to polymerize, with the supramolecular structure serving as a template. The resulting solid structure has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the supramolecular structure and has cavities that are the mirror image of the imprint group. Similarly, molecularly imprinted particles may be made by using the surfactant to create a water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the imprint groups are exposed to the water phase.

Abstract: A method for the production of polyurethane products using very low unsaturation polyether polyols prepared in the presence of aluminum phosphonate catalysts is disclosed. Reaction products of the process include various polyurethane products including foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers. The aluminum phosphonate catalyst preferably has a general structure of RPO-(OAlR′R″)2, wherein O represents oxygen, P represents pentavalent phosphorous, Al represents aluminum, R comprises a hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R′ and R″ independently comprise a halide, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free, pentane-blown, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam, wherein oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids are present as flame retardants. The invention further relates to a process for producing halogen-free, pentane-blown, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams, which comprises using oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids as flame retardants. Finally, the invention also relates to the use of oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids of the formula I as halogen-free flame retardants for producing flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A method of making a molecularly imprinted porous structure makes use of a surfactant analog of the molecule to be imprinted that has the imprint molecule portion serving as the surfactant headgroup. The surfactant analog is allowed to self-assemble in a mixture to create at least one supramolecular structure having exposed imprint groups. The imprinted porous structure is formed by adding reactive monomers to the mixture and allowing the monomers to polymerize, with the supramolecular structure serving as a template. The resulting solid structure has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the supramolecular structure and has cavities that are the mirror image of the imprint group. Similarly, molecularly imprinted particles may be made by using the surfactant to create a water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the imprint groups are exposed to the water phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free, water-blown, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids as flame retardant. The invention further relates to a process for producing halogen-free, water-blown, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams, which comprises using oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids as flame retardant. Finally, the invention relates also to the use of oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids of the formula I as halogen-free flame retardants for producing flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam, wherein a combination of oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids and ammonium polyphosphate is present as flame retardant, and to a process for its production. The invention also relates to the use of oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids in a mixture with ammonium polyphosphate for producing halogen-free, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams of this type.

Abstract: A method of making a molecularly imprinted porous structure makes use of a surfactant analog of the molecule to be imprinted that has the imprint molecule portion serving as the surfactant headgroup. The surfactant analog is allowed to self-assemble in a mixture to create at least one supramolecular structure having exposed imprint groups. The imprinted porous structure is formed by adding reactive monomers to the mixture and allowing the monomers to polymerize, with the supramolecular structure serving as a template. The resulting solid structure has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the supramolecular structure and has cavities that are the mirror image of the imprint group. Similarly, molecularly imprinted particles may be made by using the surfactant to create a water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the imprint groups are exposed to the water phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of flame-resistant flexible polyurethane foams having a low susceptibility to core discoloration, which comprises using hydroxyalkyl phosphonates as halogen-free flame retardants and as core discoloration inhibitors. The invention furthermore relates to the use of hydroxyalkyl phosphonates as halogen-free flame retardants for the production of flame-resistant flexible polyurethane foams having a low susceptibility to core discoloration. Finally the invention also relates to a flame resistant flexible polyurethane foam having a low susceptibility to core discoloration which comprises hydroxyalkyl phosphonates as halogen-free flame retardants and as core discoloration inhibitor.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane or urethane modified polyisocyanurate foams having improved flame resistance are disclosed. The foams are prepared from a composition containing (a) an isocyanate, (b) an isocyanate reactive composition, (c) a hydrocarbon/water blowing agent and (d) a phosphorus material.

Abstract: A inorganic-organic composite foam having a structure comprising phosphoric acids and a blowing agent for phosphoric acids, wherein the brittleness is improved by urethane prepolymer having NCO groups. The foam is produced by foaming and curing by mixing each component of phosphoric acids, a blowing agent for phosphoric acids, urethane prepolymer having NCO groups, water, and, if necessary, an inorganic filler. A foam of phosphoric acids is inherently brittle, but the brittleness is improved, and flexibility and rebound resilience can be provided. The foam of the present invention is effectively used for the applications, for example, heat insulating materials of external panel or internal panel which require the fire preventive property of train, automobile, housing, building etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam, wherein a combination of oxalkylated alkylphosphonic acids and ammonium polyphosphate is present as flame retardant, and to a process for its production.

Abstract: A method of making a molecularly imprinted porous structure makes use of a surfactant analog of the molecule to be imprinted that has the imprint molecule portion serving as the surfactant headgroup. The surfactant analog is allowed to self-assemble in a mixture to create at least one supramolecular structure having exposed imprint groups. The imprinted porous structure is formed by adding reactive monomers to the mixture and allowing the monomers to polymerize, with the supramolecular structure serving as a template. The resulting solid structure has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the supramolecular structure and has cavities that are the mirror image of the imprint group. Similarly, molecularly imprinted particles may be made by using the surfactant to create a water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the imprint groups are exposed to the water phase.

Abstract: A process for the production of micro-cellular or non-cellular, light-stable elastomeric, flexible or semi-flexible polyurethane moldings which are especially suited for window encapsulation applications from a reaction mixture by the reaction injection molding process, wherein: A) an isocyanate component containing an isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) trimer/monomer mixture having an NCO content of from 24.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam prepared by reacting polyisocyanate with polyol and/or polymer polyol containing dispersed polymer microparticles obtained by polymerizing an unsaturated compound, water, catalyst, surfactant and, when needed, crosslinking agent and other auxiliary agents, wherein a portion or the whole of the polyol and/or the polymer polyol is prepared in the presence of a compound having a nitrogen-phosphorus double bond as a catalyst, have excellent wet compression set, fatigue by constant-load pounding and dynamic durability.

Abstract: The flameproofed, rigid, isocyanate-based foams, in particular rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, are produced by reactinga) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and, if desired,c) low-molecular-weight chain extenders and/or crosslinking agents, in the presence ofd) blowing agents,e) catalysts,f) flameproofing agents, and, if desired,g) further auxiliaries and/or additives,wherein the flameproofing agent is a combination of at least one liquid flameproofing agent which is reactive toward isocyanates and at least one solid flameproofing agent.

Abstract: Rigid foams which possess urethane groups are prepared by reacting polyisocyanates with compounds which possess at least two active hydrogen atoms which are reactive towards isocyanate groups, in the presence of water and alkanes as blowing agent and solution promoters. The solution promoter used is a compound with a polar group.

Abstract: Stable and water-resistant aqueous foam composition containing (1) a long chain cationic organic compound and (2) a long-chain anionic organic compound in a weight ratio of from 0.05:1 to 15:1. The stable foam composition of the invention may be mixed with various water-soluble or water-dispersible organic, polymeric, or inorganic substances and used in applications where lightweight, heat, sound or other insulative, barrier properties or homogeneous material distribution are needed. Such applications include cementitious or gypsum containing substances, adhesives, binders, paper treating materials, coatings, ceramics, landfills, geofills, and firefighting and fireproofing materials.

Abstract: Heat insulation panels made from plates and the modified polyisocyanurate foams provided by a reaction of a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition mixture comprising a polyol, water, a trimerization catalyst, a carbodiimide catalyst, and an aromatic compound used as a chain extender. An amount of the aromatic compound used in the preparation is 0.5 to 10.0% by weight with respect to a total weight of the polyisocyanate and the polyol mixture.

Abstract: A process of the preparation of the modified polyisocyanurate foams provided by a reaction of a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition mixture comprising a polyol, water, a trimerization catalyst, a carbodiimide catalyst, and an aromatic compound used as a chain extender. An amount of the aromatic compound used in the preparation is 0.5 to 10.0% by weight with respect to a total weight of the polyisocyanate and the polyol mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polysilicic acid/polyisocyanate basic materials, binding materials and foams with improved mechanical properties as well as a higher resistance against heat and chemicals. It is characteristic of the new base materials that they are built up (composed) of______________________________________ 100 parts by mass of a polyisocyanate, 50-400 parts by mass of a polysilicic acid component, 0.5-70 parts by mass of phosphoric acid triesters and/or salts of phosphoric acid mono- and/or diesters formed with amines and/or alkaline metals, and optionally 0-5 parts by mass of a catalysts containing a tertiary amino group, 0-50 parts by mass of a reactive diluent, 0-10 parts by mass of tenside(s) ______________________________________as well as 0-400% by mass of fillers and optionally other auxiliaries, calculated for the total mass (=100%) of the components listed above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crosslinkable polyester/isocyanate composition suitable for preparing composite manufactured articles endowed with high structural mechanical properties, by means of injection processes, comprising:A--a polyfunctional isocyanate;B--an unsaturated polyester resin, or a vinyl ester resin, or a mixture of both said resins, wherein said resin can contain free hydroxy groups;C--a free-radical polymerization initiator;D--a promoter of decomposition of (C) initiator;E--a catalyst of (A) isocyanate trimerization.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of expandable thermoplastic polymers by post-impregnation with a blowing agent in aqueous suspension in the presence of a mixture of magnesium pyrophosphate and a sulfonate group-containing extender as suspension stabilizer, in a reactor comprisesa) preparing the magnesium pyrophosphate in the same reactor at below 50.degree. C. by adding a solid magnesium salt in an amount corresponding to an at least 3% stoichiometric excess, based on pyrophosphate, to an aqueous solution of the pyrophosphate,b) heating the suspension medium to from 70.degree. to 140.degree. C. andc) adding the blowing agent in this temperature range.

Abstract: A modified polyisocyanurate foam is produced by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, a polyol and water in the presence of three catalyst, i.e. two particular trimerization catalysts and a carbodiimidation catalyst. There can be produced, without using any evaporating type blowing agent, a modified polyisocyanurate foam which is suitably used for continuous production of laminate boards, siding boards, insulation boards, etc.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foam and laminate articles comprising a facing material and the said polyurethane foam are prepared by contacting under reaction conditions a urethane-modified polyisocyanate with a polyahl in the presence of a blowing agent comprising water. The urethane-modified polyisocyanate has an isocyanate content of from about 10 to about 29 weight percent and is obtained by reacting a polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate with a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of at least 2000 and an oxyethylene content of at least 35 weight percent. Use of this polyisocyanate provides for enhanced adhesion of the resulting foam, especialIy when it is an all-water blown foam, to facing materials such as metal.

Abstract: Surfactants for conventional flexible polyurethane foam may be improved by the addition of a minor amount of an organic acid salt.

Abstract: A method for producing a modified polyisocyanurate foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, polyol and water in the presence of a trimerization catalyst composed of a salt of 1,8-diaza-bicyclo[5.4.0] undecene-7, and a carbodiimidation catalyst composed of a certain phosphorene oxide. The method enables production of low density modified polyisocyanurate foams with ease and rapidly without using volatile blowing agents such as CFC, HCF, HFC pentane and methylene chloride.

Abstract: A method for producing a modified polyisocyanurate foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, polyol and water in the presence of a trimerizing catalyst composed of a certain hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, and a carbodiimidizing catalyst composed of a certain phosphorene oxide. The method enables production of low density modified polyisocyanurate foams with ease and rapidly without using volatile blowing agents such as CFC, HCFC, HFC and methylene chloride.

Abstract: A method for producing a modified polyisocyanurate foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, polyol and water in the presence of a trimerizing catalyst composed of a certain hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, and a carbodiimidizing catalyst composed of a certain phosphorene oxide. The method enables production of low density modified polyisocyanurate foams with ease and rapidly without using volatile blowing agents such as CFC, HCFC, HFC and methylene chloride.

Abstract: A method for producing a modified polyisocyanurate foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, polyol and water in the presence of a trimerization catalyst composed of a salt of 1,8-diaza-bicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7, and a carbodiimidation catalyst composed of a certain phosphorene oxide. The method enables production of low density modified polyisocyanurate foams with ease and rapidly without using volatile blowing agents such as CFC, HCF, HFC pentane and methylene chloride.

Abstract: Certain (1,3,2-dioxaphosohorinanemethan) amine compounds, which are useful as halogen-free flame retardant compounds, are disclosed. The compounds are particularly useful in polyurethane compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an acridans of Structure (I) as a stabilizer, preferably combined with hindered amine, phenolic, and phosphite stabilizers for stabilizing polyether polyols for polyurethane flexible foams and as stabilizers for the polyglycols, heat transfer fluids, lubricating additives.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymeric foams which comprises reacting:a) an organic polyisocyanateb) an isocyanate-reactive composition comprising:i) an organic polyfunctional isocyanate reactive composition comprising at least 50% w of polyfunctional isocyanate reactive compounds having a molecular weight of above 1500 wherein at least 25% of the isocyanate reactive groups are imino or enamino groups, and at most 50% by weight of polyfunctional isocyanate reactive compounds having a molecular weight of 60-1500, andii) a catalytically effective amount of a carbodiimide promoting catalyst, andiii) optionally other catalysts and/or further conventional additives, in the substantial absence of water and chlorofluorocarbon blowing agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a trimer by the steps of: (a) cyclotrimerizing a polyisocyanate in the presence a polymer-bound trimerization catalyst by contacting said polyisocyanate with said catalyst at a temperature of between about 20.degree. and about 135.degree. C. in a reaction to form an isocyanurate-containing cyclotrimerized isocyanate wherein a portion of the isocyanate moieties comprising said polyisocyanate are converted to isocyanurate groups, and (b) separating said catalyst from said cyclotrimerized isocyanate in order to stop said reaction after a desired amount of isocyanate moieties in said polyisocyanate have been converted to isocyanurate moieties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a melamine phosphonic acid salt of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, methyl or a negative valency bond, and n is 1 when R is hydrogen or methyl, or 2 when R.sup.1 is a negative valency bond.The salts are useful as flame retardants in polymers.

Abstract: The present invention is related to polyurethane foam materials, pores thereof being free of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, in particular free of CFCs, and a process for producing the same wherein no halogenated hydrocarbon, in particular no CFC is used as foaming agent. The pores of the polyurethane foam material contain minor amounts of the vaporized foaming agent used in the process of the invention, i.e. of the organic liquid product selected from the group consisting of a lower alkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a mixture of such lower alkanes, said liquid foaming agent having a boiling point between -10.degree. and =70.degree. C. at normal pressure.

Abstract: A novel high resiliency (HR) polyurethane resin foam composition is provided which contains phosphorus compounds to improve the static fatigue properties thereof. An unusual benefit of using certain phosphorus compounds in HR foams is that improved compression set characteristics are obtained. As might be expected, flammability properties are also improved. Some preferred phosphorus additives include, but are not limited to phosphates, phosphonates, phosphites and phosphine oxides such as tri(.beta.-chloroethyl)phosphate; tri(.beta.-chloropropyl)phosphate; dichloroethyl methylphosphate; tetrakis(2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate; dimethyl methylphosphonate; diphenyl methylphosphate; triethylphosphate; tricrysylphosphate (TCP); triphenylphosphite; triethylphosphite; triethylphosphine oxide; triphenylphosphine oxide; and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The water resistance of intumescent compositions is improved if the composition comprises at least one organotin derivative of a polyol. Organotin derivatives of polyols can be produced by reacting polyol with dialkyltin oxide or with dialkyltin dialkoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyurethane foams in which polyisocyanates are reacted with compounds having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 and containing at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, in the presence of water and/or organic blowing agents, catalysts, melamine as a flameproofing agent, and other flameproofing agents selected from phosphonic acid esters having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 unsaturated alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 14 C.sub.15 aralkyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 unsaturated alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 aralkyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene, R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 aralkylene, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, R.sup.5 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyurethane foams comprising reacting polyisocyanates with compounds having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 and containing at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, in the presence of water and/or organic blowing agents, catalysts, melamine having a particle size of from about 5 to about 90 micrometers as a flameproofing agent. The process is optionally carried out in the presence of other flameproofing agents, compounds containing at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight of from 32 to 399, and known surface-active additives and auxiliaries.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polyamide imides from diimidodicarboxylic acids, trimellitic imidocarboxylic acids and diisocyanates and to their use as moldings, films and binders for paints.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of phosphorus-containing compounds, specifically cyclic organophosphorus compounds, as carbodiimidization catalysts in the preparation of open-celled flexible polyurethane foam for the purpose of controlling foam density and providing softer foams. foams that are softer and of lower density can be prepared with significantly reduced quantities of blowing agents in comparison to foams prepared in the absence of such phosphorus-containing compounds. Additionally, use of such catalysts provides for a reduced reaction exotherm during the preparation of the foam thereby minimizing foam discoloration or scorching. Preferred phosphorus-containing compounds are the 1-alkyl-1-oxophospholenes, especially 1-methyl-1-oxophospholene.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of polyurethanes using catalysts based on triamino(imino)phosphoranes corresponding to formulas I, II or III ##STR1## wherein R, R', R" and R"' represent hydrocarbon substituents andn and m may be the same or different and represent 0, 1 or 2.The present invention also relates to certain of the triamino(imino)phosphoranes used as catalysts.