Abstract: Absorbable radiation or radiochemically sterilized medical devices, including sutures, whose breaking strength and absorption profile can be modulated by controlling the total dose received during sterilization are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer compositions of carbonyl-hydrogenated ketone-aldehyde resins and polyisocyanates in reactive solvents, to a process for their preparation and to the use, particularly in radiation-curable coating materials and adhesives.

Abstract: Adhesive compositions useful for laminating cellulosic substrates are formulated using an aqueous emulsion of a vinyl ester polymer such as polyvinyl acetate, one or more monomers or oligomers functionalized with (meth)acrylate groups, and a photoinitiator. The adhesive is cured by drying and exposing the adhesive to UV or visible light and is particularly useful for attaching clear films to cellulosic substrates such as paper and boxboard (e.g., in the manufacture of envelopes or folding cartons having windows).

Abstract: One embodiment of a composition includes a radiation-curable pre-polymer and at least one stabilizing additive contained in the radiation-curable pre-polymer. The stabilizing additive is configured to reduce shrinkage caused by radiation curing of the radiation-curable pre-polymer.

Abstract: A UV-A-curable, solvent-containing composition composed of (A) 1% to 50% by weight of a UV-A-curable constituent containing isocyanate-reactive groups; (B) 0.01% to 10% by weight of a colorless photoinitiator having an absorption maximum in the wavelength range of ?=300 to 400 nm; (C) 10% to 70% by weight of an alkyl and/or cycloalkyl acetate having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and/or in the cycloalkyl radical; (D) 10% to 70% by weight of an alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycycloalkyl, cycloalkoxyalkyl and/or cycloalkoxycycloalkyl acetate; (E) 0.01% to 5% by weight of a constituent that lowers the interfacial tension; (F) 0 to 50% by weight of an alkylaromatic having at least two alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the molecule; and (G) 0 to 50% by weight of an additive different from constituents (A) to (F); processes for preparing it, and its use as a spot blender in automotive refinishing, especially in spot repair, or for preparation thereof.

Abstract: To provide a dental restorative material composition using an organic-inorganic composite filler having excellent surface smoothness like a natural tooth, low polymerization shrinkage, excellent X-ray contrast imaging property, similar transparency to that of a natural tooth, and no variation of transparency before and after the composition is hardened, the dental restorative material composition includes (a) a (meth)acrylate monomer, (b) an organic-inorganic composite filler having an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 ?m which is made by mixing a (meth)acrylate monomer and a fine particle filler having an average primary particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.3 ?m and having X-ray impermeability, (c) a fine particle filler having an average primary particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.04 ?m, and (d) a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: A method of increasing the gas transmission rate of a packaging film comprises providing a packaging film that comprises at least about 0.001 weight % of fullerene material selected from spherical fullerenes, bowl-shaped fullerenes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocones, and carbon nano-onions. The packaging film is exposed to an amount of radiation energy effective to increase the oxygen transmission rate of the packaging film by at least about 100 cc (STP)/m2. day (1 atm, 0% RH, 23° C.).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation curable resin composition which comprises epoxy (meth)acrylate, a monofunctional (meth)acrylate, a bifunctional (meth)acrylate having a specific structure, and a bifunctional (meth)acrylate obtained from an aliphatic dihydric alcohol having an oxyalkylene structure and (meth)acrylic acid and further contains a thermoplastic resin, thereby causing satisfactory adhesion to plastic substrates, sufficient shape retention, and excellent shape recovery properties, and satisfaction in moldability including casting efficiency and shape reproducibility, as well as a high refractive index and appropriateness for use as a lens sheet.

Abstract: A dental restorative composition comprising: (A) polymerizable monomer(s) having at least one phosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group; (B) polymerizable monomer(s) having a molecular weight of 100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group; (C) polymerizable monomer(s) having a molecular weight of 270-900, at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups and no acidic functional group; (D) photo-initiator(s); and (E) filler(s) each having a mean particle size of more than 0.005 microns and less than 70 microns. The weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 90:10, the concentration of (A) is 10-50 wt. %, the concentration of (B) is 15-60 wt. %, and the composition has a shear bond strength of at least 10 MPa to both dentin and enamel. Also provided is a method for filling a dental cavity with the composition without first treating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive.

Abstract: A curable ink composition for digitally printing onto plastic substrates that can be formed into three-dimensional objects is provided. Generally, the ink composition comprises a pigment, an acrylic polymer or copolymer, a diluent, and a mono-functional monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ink-jet ink composition, which comprises (A) a polybutadiene; (B) a radical polymerizable compound having a (meth)acryloyl group; (C) a radical polymerization initiator; and (D) a colorant. The ink composition is highly sensitive to activated radiant rays and can accordingly be cured in a high sensitivity when irradiated with the same, can maintain its flexibility even after the cure thereof and can accordingly be used suitably in the ink-jet recording method and a method for the preparation of a lithographic printing plate, to thus form printed matters and a lithographic printing plate having high printing durability.

Abstract: A curable composition and method for producing a tear resistant, yet soft and deformable in-the-ear product yielding the user greater comfort and durability. The curable composition incorporated into a hearing aid apparatus provides a deformable, yet tear resistant housing, which may be mated to a soft tip component. The hearing aid housing provides better comfort, durability and acoustic performance for a variety of ear canal shapes. The curable composition that provides these properties includes at least one urethane acrylate oligomer, at least one reactive diluent and a cure system. The composition when cured desirably produces a tear strength of at least about 75 pli and a hardness of about Shore A 60 to about 75.

Abstract: Dental materials which contain a radically polymerizable organic binder, at least one radical polymerization initiator and at least one radical polymerization accelerator, both the initiator and the accelerator each having at least one radically polymerizable group.

Abstract: To provide a method for temporarily fixing an optical member for processing, and a curable composition useful for such a method. A curable composition comprising (A) a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, (B) a monofunctional (meth)acrylate, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, and (D) a polar solvent. The curable composition may further contain (G) a temperature-responsive polymer and/or a copolymer of a temperature-responsive polymer, or (H) a granular material. The method for temporarily fixing a member, comprises temporarily fixing the member by means of such a curable composition, processing the temporarily fixed member, and immersing the processed member in warm water of from 30 to 90° C., thereby to remove a cured resin of the curable composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solvent-free, reactive composition comprising at least a photoinitiator and a polymer A, capable of reacting under UV-radiation using a photoinitiator and optionally further components, characterised in that the polymer A contains at least one in-chain olefinically unsaturated group and that the polymer A and/or a polymer B contains further a) at least two groups capable of reacting in the presence of moisture, and/or b) at least two olefinically unsaturated groups in terminal position, and/or c) at least one group capable of reacting in the presence of moisture and at least one olefinically unsaturated group in terminal position. The invention relates also to the process making the same, and its use as adhesive and/or as coating composition.

Abstract: Highly crystalline, oxidation resistant crosslinked polymeric materials such as crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes having high wear resistance, enhanced stiffness, enhanced tensile strength, a high level of fatigue and crack propagation resistance, and enhanced creep resistance can be manufactured by the new methods described herein.

Abstract: The invention provides a single phase, essentially solvent-free polymerizable liquid composition comprising a polymerizable liquid with dissolved therein an organogroup 4, 5 or 6 compound selected from the group consisting of organolead, organophosphorus, organoarsenic, organoantimony, organobismuth and organselenium compounds, said position being polymerizable under the action of an externally applied influence.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process of preparing microcapsules in a UV curable water immiscible phase. The microcapsules formed according to the invention contain an aqueous phase core. The process comprises dispersing a water soluble or dispersible core material along with at least one wall forming prepolymer and a polycondensation polymerization catalyst into an aqueous solution. The aqueous phase is then dispersed into the water immiscible phase comprising UV curable monomers or oligomers forming droplets of the aqueous phase solution in the water immiscible phase. Polycondensation of the prepolymers is initiated to form polymeric wall material or microcapsules at or near the interface of the water immiscible solvent and droplets of aqueous phase solution. Following capsule formation, a UV initiator is dispersed in the water immiscible phase. The UV curable dispersion containing aqueous microcapsules can be coated on a substrate.

Abstract: Lipobeads (liposome-encapsulated hydrogels) combine properties of hydrogels and liposomes to create systems that are sensitive to environmental conditions and respond to changes in those conditions in a fast time scale. Lipobeads may be produced by polymerizing anchored or unanchored hydrogels within liposomes or by mixing anchored or unanchored hydrogels with liposomes. Giant lipobeads may be produced by shrinking unanchored nanogels in lipobeads and fusing the resulting lipobead aggregates, long-term aging of anchored or unanchored lipobeads, or mixing anchored or unanchored aggregated nanogels with liposomes. Poly(acrylamide), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-1-vinylimidazole) lipobeads were produced and characterized.

Abstract: A method of reducing unreacted monomer in a water-soluble or water swellable polymer comprising the steps, i) applying an ultraviolet initiator to the surface of the polymer and ii) irradiating the polymer with ultraviolet light, wherein the ultraviolet initiator is dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium and in which the liquid medium comprises an organic compound. The method is useful for reducing in the amount of unreacted acrylamide in polyacrylamide. Also claimed is a liquid initiator composition comprising, i) an ultraviolet initiator, and ii) a liquid medium comprising an organic compound. The initiator system is useful for applying to the surface of a polymer, such as polyacrylamide, in the removal of unreacted monomer, such as acrylamide.

Abstract: A hydrophobic acidic group-containing polymeric monomer (a); a water-soluble polymeric monomer (b); water (c); a photopolymerization initiator (d); an aromatic tertiary amine (e) having an electron-withdrawing group; a cross-linkable polymeric monomer (f); and a basic compound (g) for producing a water-soluble salt through a reaction with a part of the hydrophobic acidic group-containing polymeric monomer (a) are included as essential compounding ingredients. A one-part dental adhesive composition that exhibits high adhesive strength and high storage stability in adhesion between a teeth, and more particularly enamel or dentine, and a dental repairing material, and more particularly a resin material, is provided.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): [where: the substituents R1 are individually selected from C1-C10 alkyl groups and optionally substituted benzyl groups; the substituents R2 are individually selected from alkyl groups or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; Z is selected from C6-C10 arylene groups and groups of formula —(CHR3)n—, where R3 is hydrogen, hydroxy or a C1-C4 alkyl group, and n is 0 to 6; Y is carbonyl or —CH2—; Q is a residue of a mono- or poly-hydroxy compound; and x is 1 to 6; and esters thereof] are useful as multi-functional photoinitiators for use in coating compositions to be cured by radiant energy.

Abstract: The invention provides a photosensitive resin which can readily form, through photo-crosslinking, a surface coating which has hydrophilicity and high bioadaptability; a photosensitive composition containing the photosensitive resin; and a photo-crosslinked structure obtained from the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing actinic-radiation-curable and/or dual-cure poly(meth)acrylates by preparing a poly(meth)acrylate containing hydroxy-functional side chains and transesterifying or esterifying the poly(meth)acrylate containing hydroxy-functional side chains with a (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylic acid. The present invention further relates to the actinic-radiation-curable and/or dual-cure poly(meth)acrylates themselves and to the use of the actinic-radiation-curable and/or dual-cure poly(meth)acrylates in the preparation of dispersions or as a component in coating formulations and topcoats comprising at least one actinic-radiation-curable and/or dual-cure poly(meth)acrylate.

Abstract: The invention provides a photocurable polymer composition having a fluorine-containing polymer and a fluorine-free polymer, and preferably further having a polymerizable double bond-containing compound and a photopolymerization initiator. The fluorine-containing polymer preferably includes a fluorosilsesquioxane skeleton.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of solid-supported scavenging reagents and solid-supported functional polymers. The invention further relates to novel solid-supported functional polymers and to their use in organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry.

Abstract: An article suitable for use as an insulating or coating material comprises a radiation-crosslinked composition comprising a polyethylene, a polypropylene and optionally an ethylene-propylene elastomer. The polyethylene component is selected from high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) and linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and the polypropylene component is either a homopolymer or copolymer. The composition is predominantly based on the polyethylene component and contains the polyethylene component in an amount of at least 50 percent by weight. The article is radiation-crosslinked to a sufficient degree that it possesses thermoset properties, such that when the article is heated to a temperature above the crystalline melting point of the polypropylene homopolymer or copolymer, it is softened but does not become liquid.

Abstract: A polyurethane acrylate (A), comprises, as synthesis components, (a) at least one polyisocyanate which comprises isocyanurate groups, based on 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, (b) at least one polyisocyanate which comprises isocyanurate groups, based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, (c) at least one aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, (d1) at least one polyetherdiol or polyesterdiol having a molecular weight ranging from 500 to 2000, (d2) optionally, at least one diol having a molecular weight of less than 220 g/mol, (e) at least one compound having at least one group reactive toward isocyanate and at least one unsaturated group capable of free radical polymerization, and (f) optionally, at least one compound having exactly one group reactive toward isocyanate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermosetting and photocurable coating composition obtained by incorporating a copolymer of a maleimide group-containing monomer with other monomer(s) or a specific maleimide compound into a composition comprising a hydroxyl-containing resin and a curing agent and optionally containing an unsaturated compound; and a method of forming a coating film using the coating composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for providing shaped biodegradable and elastomeric structures of (co)polymers of 1,3trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with improved (mechanical) properties which can be used for tissue or tissue component support, generation or regeneration. Such shaped biodegradable elastomeric structures are obtainable by forming homopolymers and/or copolymers of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC) into a desired shape and irradiating said desired shape with actinic radiation in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A seal ring (10) of the present invention seals operating oil hermetically and is attached to an annular seal ring groove (16) provided on an outer circumference of a shaft member (12). The seal ring (10) includes fluororesin, modified fluororesin formed by being irradiated with an ionizing radiation in a range from 1 kGy to 10 MGy inclusive in a state of being heated up to a melting point thereof or higher under an inert gas atmosphere with an oxygen partial pressure of 1.33 kPa or less, and synthetic resin having a surface energy ranging from +0 N/cm to 20˜10?5 N/cm inclusive of that of the operating oil.

Abstract: The present invention provides an irradiated crosslinked polyethylene containing reduced free radicals, preferably containing substantially no residual free radical. Disclosed is a process of making irradiated crosslinked polyethylene by irradiating the polyethylene in contact with a sensitizing environment at an elevated temperature that is below the melting point, in order to reduce the concentration of residual free radicals to an undetectable level. A process of making irradiated crosslinked polyethylene composition having reduced free radical content, preferably containing substantially no residual free radicals, by mechanically deforming the polyethylene at a temperature that is below the melting point of the polyethylene, optionally in a sensitizing environment, is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The compounds shown below. R is —O—, —O—(CH2)n—O—, or —(O—CH2—CH2)n—O—; and n is a positive integer. Heating an allyl ether compound in the presence of Fe(CO)5 and a base to form the below propenyl ether monomer. Polymerizing the below propenyl ether monomer.

Abstract: A photosensitive adhesive composition of the polymerizable resin type, the hardening of which occurs by polymerization and/or reticulation, includes:—initiators for at least one chain polymerization reaction to guarantee the hardening of the composition and a sufficient quantity of at least one bifunctional monomer, including a photolabile center with at least one photolabile entity and at least two polymerizable units, connected by covalent skeletons to the photolabile center and located away from the cleavage sites of the photolabile center, such that the composition loses the integrity and adhesivity thereof under the influence of a reticulating radiation causing the cleavage of the photolabile sites. The composition is particularly of application in dentistry.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of making covalently crosslinked vinyl polymer hydrogels having advantageous physical properties, and covalently crosslinked vinyl polymer hydrogel compositions made by such methods, as well as articles of manufacture comprising such covalently crosslinked vinyl polymer hydrogel compositions. The physical properties of the produced hydrogels can be adjusted by varying controlled parameters such as the proportion of physical associations, the concentration of polymer and the amount of radiation applied. Such covalently crosslinked vinyl polymer hydrogels can be made translucent, preferably transparent, or opaque depending on the processing conditions. The stability of the physical properties of the produced vinyl polymer hydrogel can be enhanced by controlling the amount of covalent crosslinks.

Abstract: (A) a polycarbonatediol, (B) a trifunctional alcohol, and (C) a diisocyanate are subjected to reaction in the presence of (D) a (meth)acrylate compound represented by the general formula CH2?CRCO(OCnH2n)pR? or CH2?CRCO(OCmH2m)qOCOCH?CH2, and (E) a di(meth)acrylate compound of alkylene glycol whose alkylene group is substituted as a lower alkyl group, and then (F) a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate is added to the resulting solution of urethane oligomers in (meth)acrylate to conduct terminal (meth)acrylating reaction of the urethane oligomers, thereby producing a UV-curable liquid polyurethane resin having a viscosity (25° C.) of preferably 150,000-1,000,000 mPa·s, where before or after the terminal (meth)acrylating reaction of the urethane oligomers (G) a photopolymerization initiator and (H) a hindered phenol-based antioxidant having a molecular weight of 500-2,000 are added thereto to form the UV-curable liquid polyurethane resin.

Abstract: A medical prosthesis for use within the body which is formed of radiation treated ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having substantially no detectable free radicals, is described. Preferred prostheses exhibit reduced production of particles from the prosthesis during wear of the prosthesis, and are substantially oxidation resistant. Methods of manufacture of such devices and material used therein are also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polyacrylate-based shaped article, a polyacrylate being polymerized by a conventional method, wherein the polyacrylate comprises copolymerized comonomers having thermally crosslinkable groups and comonomers having attached photoinitiators, and the polyacrylate is crosslinked thermally in a first step and by irradiation with UV light in a second step.

Abstract: Fluoropolymers are made by admixing tetrafluoroethylene, hexfluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride; reacting the reaction admixture to generate a set of fluoropolymeric oligomers; irradiating the fluoropolymeric oligomeric precursor admixture (preferably with electron beam radiation) to form free radical sites on individual fluoropolymeric oligomers of the set and generate thereby a set of free radical oligomer derivatives in the fluoropolymeric oligomeric precursor admixture; and reacting the fluoropolymeric oligomeric precursor admixture to derive the fluoropolymer compound from the free radical oligomer derivatives. In a second approach, fluoropolymers are made by admixing tetrafluoroethylene, hexfluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride and irradiating the admixture.

Abstract: A method of making a crosslinked polymer is provided as well as the polymer so made, the method comprising the steps of: providing a highly fluorinated fluoropolymer, typically a perfluorinated fluoropolymer, comprising pendent groups which include a group according to the formula —SO2X, where X is F, Cl, Br, OH, or —O?M+, where M+ is a monovalent cation, and exposing said fluoropolymer to electron beam radiation so as to result in the formation of crosslinks. Typically, the method according to the present invention additionally comprises the step of: forming said fluoropolymer into a membrane, typically having a thickness of 90 microns or less, more typically 60 microns or less, and most typically 30 microns or less.

Abstract: Powder coating binders having a glass temperature of ?35° C. containing at least one polymer and one or more radiation-curing reactive thinners, a process for the production of these powder coating binders and their use as a component of powder coatings.

Abstract: Chemically cross-linked polymeric particles are formed using mechanical rather than chemical processes, facilitating production of small-diameter particles in a manner largely independent of the viscosity or density of the polymer. For example, an uncross-linked resin may be provided in particulate form, agglomerated, and compressed into a mass of a desired shape with a desired diameter, and subsequently cross-linked.

Abstract: The present invention provides an irradiated crosslinked polyethylene containing reduced free radicals, preferably containing substantially no residual free radical. Disclosed is a process of making irradiated crosslinked polyethylene by irradiating the polyethylene in contact with a sensitizing environment at an elevated temperature that is below the melting point, in order to reduce the concentration of residual free radicals to an undetectable level. A process of making irradiated crosslinked polyethylene composition having reduced free radical content, preferably containing substantially no residual free radicals, by mechanically deforming the polyethylene at a temperature that is below the melting point of the polyethylene, optionally in a sensitizing environment, is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to radiation-curable overprint varnishes for printed substrates based on multifunctional, uncrosslinked, liquid Michael addition resins. The compositions are UV-curable with little or no photoinitiator present.

Abstract: Disclosed are environmentally friendly, substantially all solids coating compositions which are curable using ultraviolet and visible radiation. In certain embodiments, the disclosed coating compositions are suitable for coating flexible objects and/or objects having angular features, such as, but not limited to, flexible metal objects with angular features. In other embodiments, the cured coatings have improved slip properties and at least 6 H hardness. Such embodiments can served as substitutes for “hard chrome” coatings, TEFLON® coatings, coatings comprising TEFLON®, or TEFLON® like coatings. In addition, methods are disclosed for coating surfaces, or at least a portion of the surfaces, and curing of the coated surface to obtain partially or fully cured coated surfaces. Furthermore, articles of manufacture incorporating fully cured coated surfaces are disclosed, including, for example leaf springs, hydraulic rods and cylinders.

Abstract: The invention relates to cross-link-resistant injectable hydrogel formulations and methods of partially or practically wholly inhibiting injectable hydrogel formulations from cross-linking, for example, during irradiation, using anti-cross-linking agents, which facilitates injectability of the hydrogel formulation. The invention also relates to methods of making the cross-link-resistant, for example, irradiation cross-link resistant, injectable hydrogel formulations, and methods of administering the same in treating a subject in need.

Abstract: A curable composition and method for producing a tear resistant, yet soft and deformable in-the-ear product yielding the user greater comfort and durability. The curable composition incorporated into a hearing aid apparatus provides a deformable, yet tear resistant housing, which may be mated to a soft tip component. The hearing aid housing provides better comfort, durability and acoustic performance for a variety of ear canal shapes. The curable composition that provides these properties includes at least one urethane acrylate oligomer, at least one reactive diluent and a cure system. The composition when cured desirably produces a tear strength of at least about 75 pli and a hardness of about Shore A 60 to about 75.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process comprising polymerizing via irradiation from a light source, a reaction mixture comprising at least one monomer and at least one photoinitiator wherein at least about 90% of incident light emitted by the light source is filtered to produce a soluble, high molecular weight polymer.

Abstract: A method for producing submicron polytetrafluoroethylene (“PTFE”) powder in a free-flowing, readily dispersible form. The irradiated PTFE starting material is placed in a desired solvent and undergoes grinding until the PTFE particles reach submicron size. The submicron particles are subsequently recovered from the solvent and dried to form a powder that may have particles less than 1.00 ?m in size. The dry PTFE powder may then be readily dispersed to submicron size into a desired application system. The submicron PTFE powder of this method is free-flowing, readily dispersible in various application systems, tends not to “dust” or self-agglomerate. Improved aqueous and organic dispersions of submicron PTFE particles may also be formed that display increased stability and require much less agitation than other processes of forming such dispersions. Such improved PTFE dispersions may be formed with or without the addition of surfactants, wetting agents, rheology modifiers, pH-adjusting agents, and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing a polymer, characterized in that a polymer having juts is produced by carrying out photopolymerization of at least one photopolymerizable polymerization precursor containing a photocurable compound having two or more unsaturated bonds by irradiation with active energy ray, optionally in the presence of at least one additive component for adding a polymer function, in a supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid; and a polymer having juts of 10 nm or more height, which height is 0.1-fold or more of the diameter of the juts, produced by the above process.