Abstract: An aqueous coating composition having a 60° gloss of ?40 upon drying comprising a self-crosslinkable polyurethane obtained by the reaction of: (A) an isocyanate-terminated pre-polymer formed from components which comprise (i) 5 to 65 wt % of at least one organic polyisocyanate; (ii) 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacture and application of a polymeric papermaking additive, which can be used in paper manufacture as an agent for improving retention, drainage, product strength and paper machine operation. The additive according to this disclosure is a polymer of epichlorohydrin and contains primary amino groups. Under neutral or acidic conditions these primary amino groups become cationic, which assures good adsorption of the polymer onto anionic fibers and fines of pulps used for production of paper or paperboard. By adsorbing on several fibers or fines, the polymer can increase the retention of fines and fillers. Primary amino groups of this polymer can also form chemical bonds with carbonyl groups of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, which are especially abundant in the fibers and fines of mechanical pulps. The cross-linking of fibers and fines by chemical bonds can increase the initial strength of wet web and the strength of rewetted paper.

Abstract: A water-based ink for ink jetting and ink jet recording method, in which stable jetting, clearness of the recorded matter, high density recording, water resistance, and friction resistance are well-balanced, and being useful for ink for various types of ink jet recording. After 5% of the water soluble colored resin comprising 5,5?-dimethylhydantoinformaldehyde resin and color index number basic red 1:1 and 10% of polyethyleneglycol (average molecular weight 200) and 6% of triethyleneglycolmonometylether and 79% of pure water are fully stirred to be mixed, the mixture is filtered with a membrane filter of 0.8 ?m thickness to become ink. Experimental evaluation using the recording head regarding jetting stability, jetting response, quality of the recorded images, friction resistance against various recording materials, and water resistance against various recording materials is made, and good results are obtained.

Abstract: Compositions, systems, and methods for protecting an ink-jet produced image printed on a substrate are provided. The composition can comprise a liquid vehicle and latex particulates dispersed in the liquid vehicle, wherein the latex particulates have a surface dielectric constant from 2.0 to 3.0 at room temperature, and a bulk density from 0.1 g/cm3 less to 0.1 g/cm3 greater than the vehicle density. An alternative composition can comprise a liquid vehicle and latex particulates dispersed in the liquid vehicle, wherein the latex particulates have a reactive surfactant covalently attached thereto.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization. The emulsifier is obtained by alkoxylating a mixture of (a) 20% to 80% by weight of a fatty alcohol containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms and (b) 20% to 80% by weight of a ring opening product of a 1,2-epoxyalkane containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms with ethylene glycol, with from 5 to 100 mol ethylene oxide per equivalent of free OH groups in the sums of (a) and (b) and sulfation of the intermediate product obtained to form the emulsifier. The emulsifier provides a polymer similar with low coagulum and high stability.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition having a binder including an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles, the polymer including, as polymerized units, (a) from 0 to 1 wt. % monoethylenically unsaturated acid monomer, based on polymer weight; and (b) monomer of the formula CH2?C(R1)—CON(R2)(R3) wherein R1?H, CH3 or C2H5 and R2 and R3 are independently selected from C1-C6 saturated alkyl and cycloalkyl groups; and wherein the total of (a) and (b) is at least 0.1 wt % monomer based on the polymer weight. The binder may be a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylamide. An inkjet ink composition including the inkjet ink binder, a colorant, and a liquid medium is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsion composition, wherein an optically isotropic surfactant phase containing a nonionic surfactant (hereinafter the phase being referred to as the surfactant phase) is present as stable droplets in an aqueous solution phase containing an electrolytic salt (hereinafter the phase being referred to as the aqueous solution phase), the amount of the salt being such an amount that the aqueous solution phase is incompatible with the surfactant phase, with a polymer including a segment (a) having affinity with the aqueous solution phase and a segment (b) having affinity with the surfactant phase; and a liquid detergent composition containing the emulsion composition and inorganic builder particles dispersed in the emulsion composition.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition having a binder including an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles, the polymer comprising as polymerized units from 3 to 20 wt. % monoethylenically unsaturated acid monomer, based on polymer weight, and having a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of from ?40° C. to 120° C., and the polymer particles having a volume average particle diameter as measured by dynamic light scattering of at least 35 nanometers greater than the weight average particle diameter as measured by capillary hydrodynamic fractionation is provided. An inkjet ink composition including the inkjet ink binder is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylic polymer emulsion containing a polymer formed by polymerizing 100% by weight in total of a monodic mixture comprising 50 to 90% by weight of an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate, 9 to 49% by weight of a vinyl monomer of which homopolymer having a glass transition temperature Tg is not lower than 80° C., 0.2 to 10% by weight of a vinyl monomer having a carboxyl group and 0.1 to 5% by weight of a crosslinkable monomer having a molecular weight of not less than 280. The acrylic polymer emulasion of present invention provides gloves for home uses, works, examination operations, medical uses and the like which are superior in practical performances such as tensile strength, elongation, alcohol resistance, detergent resistance, oil resistance, recovering property after a stretch and wearing touch.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous dispersions and aqueous electrodepositable primers made with the aqueous dispersions of the invention. The aqueous dispersion of the invention requires the use of a polymer (a) comprising one or more water dispersible groups per molecule and one or more functional groups (f), and at least one crosslinking agent (b) comprising one or more blocked functional groups (fb) reactive with polymer (a) after unblocking. Crosslinking agent (b) has a Tg of from 40 to 70° C./105 to 158° F. and is a solid at 23.9° C./75° F. when at 100% by weight solids. Crosslinking agent (b) is melt mixed into acrylic polymer (a) to provide a first dispersion and said first dispersion is emulsified in water to provide an aqueous dispersion. In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous electrodepositable primers comprise at least 50% by weight water and an acrylic polymer (a) having one or more salted sites per molecule.

Abstract: A latex copolymer composition comprising >5 wt % of polymerized units derived from a monomer X containing an unsaturated heterocycle, wherein the latex copolymer composition comprises ?1,000 ppm of residual monomer X is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the latex copolymer compositions.

Abstract: Anionic species are removed from aqueous dispersions of ionic fluoropolymers using anion exchange resins. In some embodiments, cationic species are also removed using cation exchange resins.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing an oil-in-water emulsion whereof the organic phase has a viscosity not less than 1 Pa.s, which consists in using an aqueous phase comprising at least a heat-thickening polymer having a viscosity jump between 25 and 80° C. so that the value of the ratio log 10 (viscosity at 80° C.)/log 10 (viscosity at 25° C.) is at least equal to 1, preferably at least equal to 2, the variation in viscosity being reversible; the amount of heat-thickening polymer being such that the aqueous phase viscosity is 0.2 to 5 times that of the organic phase at the temperature for preparing the emulsion; the latter being not less than the thickening temperature of the heat-thickening polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to trimellitic anhydride imide ester, a method of making it, and polyesters or polyamides that can be modified with trimellitic anhydride (TMA) to provide better heat resistance and mechanical properties. With the present invention, there are two processes for making TMA-ester. The first process is by charging into a reactor equimolar amounts of trimellitic anhydride and primary hydroxyalkylamine, primary carboxylalkylamine or primary carboxylarylamine, with an excess of alcohol or diol. The second process for producing the imide ester is to react two moles of TMA with one mole of a diamine of the formula H2N—X—NH2 with an excess of alcohol or diol; where X is an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic group. Generally the reactor contains water as a dispersant for the reactants. The reaction time is from about 1-8 hours. The reaction temperature is from about 160° C. to about 220° C.

Abstract: A tinting composition for tinting a surface which includes a solvent and a pigment selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, titanium dioxide, mica, calcium sodium borosilicate, organic constituent containing pigments, inorganic constituent containing pigments, fluorescent constituent containing pigments, phosphorescent constituent containing pigments, luminescent constituent containing pigments, ultraviolet absorbing pigments, mineral constituent containing pigments, amorphous glass oxides, polyacrylates, metal flakes, reflective pigments, and mixtures thereof A method of tinting a surface which includes selecting a surface for tinting; mixing a solvent and a pigment to form a tinting composition; and applying the tinting composition to the surface.

Abstract: An ambient curable aqueous dispersion of polymer particles containing pendant ethylenically unsaturated side chains; a method of applying to a substrate a coating composition containing the aqueous dispersion of polymer particles; and a method of making the aqueous dispersion of polymer particles are provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of monodisperse polymer particles which are formed by contacting monomers with aqueous dispersions comprising monodisperse swellable seed polymers/oligomers, and initiating polymerization in the presence of a steric stabilizer. The resulting swollen seed particles are characterized by the particle mode diameter.

Abstract: Reactive polymeric surfactants are disclosed, and their use in processes for preparation of microcapsules, and in stabilising emulsions. The surfactants are random graft polymers or block copolymers which contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic units and in which the hydrophobic unit includes a hydrophilic cross-linking unit which reacts with (a) a wall forming ingredient in a microencapsulation process, or (b) an ingredient in the disperse phase of an emulsion.

Abstract: Self-coating or self-layering lacquer systems from at least two different resins, oligomers, or polymers, which are emulsifiable or dispersible in water, have different surface tensions, and form self-layering phases. After the application, the phases separate into the components of the formulation.

Abstract: Polymer nanofibers, such as polyaniline nanofibers, with uniform diameters less than 500 nm can be made in bulk quantities through a facile aqueous and organic interfacial polymerization method at ambient conditions. The nanofibers have lengths varying from 500 nm to 10 ?m and form interconnected networks in a thin film. Thin film nanofiber sensors can be made of the polyaniline nanofibers having superior performance in both sensitivity and time response to a variety of gas vapors including, acids, bases, redox active vapors, alcohols and volatile organic chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compositions as well as methods of making and using said compositions, having improved stability which, when applied to a variety of substrates and cured, form transparent coatings which have abrasion resistant properties, a matched refractive index to that of the substrate, and which can be tailored to control the extent of tint absorption (vide infra). The compositions comprise an aqueous-organic solvent mixture containing a mixture of hydrolysis products and partial condensates of an epoxy-functional silane, a carboxylic acid functional compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, multifunctional carboxylic acids, anhydrides, and combinations thereof, a metal oxide composite colloid, and a disilane. The coating compositions may further include a mixture of hydrolysis products and partial condensates of one or more silane additives, a colloidal silica material, and a tetrafunctional silane.

Abstract: A latex having a reduced amount of 4-phenylcyclohexene is obtainable by reacting A) 30–90% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer; B) 70–10% by weight of a diene; C) 1–10% by weight of ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, or mixtures thereof; and D) an auxiliary, an additive or mixtures thereof. The reaction follows a gradient regime for components A and B.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by free-radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of at least one ionic emulsifier, at least one free-radical initiator and at least one protective colloid, wherein the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a polymerization regulator and wherein the ratio by weight of protective colloid to ionic emulsifier is at least 4:1 and wherein the ratio by weight of vinyl acetate monomer to protective colloid is between 19:1 and 4:1.

Abstract: Optical brighteners (PAB) of formula wherein each n independently signifies 1 or 2, the group SO3M shown with the floating bond is linked to the position 4 or 5, each M independently signifies an equivalent of a non-chromophoric cation, each M? independently signifies hydrogen or M, at least a part of the cations M of (PAB) are cationic groups of a polycationic polyol/epichlorohydrin/amine polymer (PA), which contains quaternary ammonium groups in salt form as heteroatomic ring members or chain members, any others being cations selected from alkali metal cations, unsubstituted ammonium and ammonium substituted with C1-3-alkyl or/and C2-3-hydroxyalkyl, the polycationic polymer (PA) is a polymer which is at least in part crosslinked over one or more of its quaternary ammonium groups, any other counterions to the cationic groups of (PA) being non-chromophoric anions of low molecular acids, and the ratio of the total anionic groups in the anionic optical brightener portion of (PAB) to the total of cationi

Abstract: Polymer derivatives based upon polyalkyleneimine backbones having from about 20% to about 60% of their reactive amino functionalities substituted by C14-20 carboxylic acids, are disclosed. Fiber lubricants and/or sizing compositions comprising such polymer derivatives are also disclosed. The disclosed fiber lubricants exhibit excellent affinity for fiberglass fibers and have excellent hydrophobicity, while also providing excellent lubrication. Methods for preparing said derivatives are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for treating fibers using the polymer derivatives.

Abstract: To provide an aqueous emulsion composition which has high adhesion strength for a wide variety of materials including molded products and affords sufficient wettability even for the object to be adhesive bonded of low surface polarity so that it can develop sufficient adhesiveness and whose emulsion is stable so satisfactorily as to provide good mechanical stability and storage stability, and to provide an adherent composition comprising the aqueous emulsion composition, at least ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or modified resin thereof, photo polymerization initiator, and unsaturated ethylenic monomer are mixed and dissolved or dispersed, to prepare oil drop component, followed by emulsifying the oil drop component in water by using a surface-active agent, whereby an aqueous emulsion composition, in which micelles each encapsulating at least the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or modified resin thereof, the photo polymerization initiator and unsaturated ethylenic monomer are dispersed in water, is prepared

Abstract: A thiophene compound represented by formula (I): wherein A represents a C1-5-alkylene bridge substituted with at least one fluorine atom and/or at least one alkyl group substituted with a fluorine-containing-group; polymers containing monomeric units of a thiophene compound represented by formula (I); a process for preparing polymers containing monomeric units of a thiophene compound represented by formula (I), optionally chemically or electrochemically; and solutions, dispersions, pastes and layers containing such polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing aqueous dispersions, especially electrodepositable aqueous dispersions. The invention requires the use of a polymer (a) comprising one or more water dispersible groups per molecule and one or more functional groups (f), and at least one crosslinking agent (b) comprising one or more blocked functional groups (fb) reactive with polymer (a) after unblocking. Crosslinking agent (b) has a Tg of from 40 to 70° C./105 to 158° F. and is a solid at 23.9° C./75° F. when at 100% by weight solids. Crosslinking agent (b) is mixed into polymer (a) at a temperature at or above the melting temperatures of both polymer (a) and compound (b) but below the temperature at which blocked functional groups (fb) unblock. Sufficient water is added to the resulting melt-mixture (ii) to provide an aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: The invention discloses an acrylic acid-modified epoxy polyester resin and the preparation process thereof. The resin comprises 100 pbw of a copolymer (A) formed from an unsaturated fatty acid-modified polyester and a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and 20-40 pbw of poly(meth)acrylic acid (ester) (B). The preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) alcoholyzing a drying oil with a polyol; (2) adding successively, to the product from step (1), a dibasic anhydride, a fatty acid containing a conjugated double bond and an epoxy resin, and esterifying to obtain an epoxy polyester; and (3) copolymerizing the epoxy polyester from step (2) and an acrylic monomer. This invention also provides a water-based emulsion containing said resin, and a water-based paint exhibiting excellent antirust property and having low production cost.

Abstract: These objects and others may be accomplished with the present invention, the first embodiment of which provides an oil-in-water nanoemulsion, which includes: an oily phase dispersed in an aqueous phase; (i) at least one amphiphilic lipid selected from the group including nonionic amphiphilic lipids, anionic amphiphilic lipids, and combinations thereof; and (ii) at least one water-soluble nonionic polymer selected from the group including homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene oxide; polyvinyl alcohols; homopolymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone; homopolymers and copolymers of vinylcaprolactam; homopolymers and copolymers of polyvinyl methyl ether; neutral acrylic homopolymers and copolymers; C1–C2 alkyl celluloses and their derivatives; C1–C3 alkyl guar; C1–C3 hydroxyalkyl guar; and combinations thereof; wherein a ratio of the weight of the oily phase to the weight of the amphiphilic lipid (i) ranges from 1.

Abstract: A powder coating composition comprising at least about 0.1% by weight of a reaction product of an aminoplast and a compound having one carbamate group has improved smoothness.

Abstract: An emulsifier system comprising a) a salt of a sulfuric monoester of a C9-C15 alcohol or of an alkoxylated C9-C15 alcohol, and b) an alkoxylated C8-C16 alcohol, and the use of this emulsifier system for preparing aqueous polymer dispersions.

Abstract: Pressure sensitive adhesive compositions having enhanced resistance to water-whitening comprising an aqueous emulsion polymer are disclosed. The polymer comprises the polymerization reaction product of a polymerizable aqueous emulsion comprising: (i) a hydrophobic monomer mixture of at least one alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate ester of an alcohol wherein the alkyl portion of the alcohol is linear or branched and contains at least 4 carbon atoms, and at least one styrenic monomer, wherein the styrenic monomer is up to about 30 wt. % of the total hydrophobic monomer mixture, (ii) at least about 1 wt. % of at least one hydrophilic monomer, (iii) at least about 5 wt.

Abstract: A water-soluble block copolymer having a mass average molecular weight of 2500 to 800000 and comprising, within a molecule, a poly(ethylene imine) block unit and a poly(N-propionylethylene imine) block unit is a novel linear or star-shaped water-soluble block copolymer.

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymer materials are provided including absorbent polymers having a fast vortex time, desirably about 10 seconds or less, and a stiffness index of at least about 0.7, as determined by test procedures described herein. The absorbent polymers can be modified to obtain a faster vortex time by a method including providing an absorbent polymer having a first vortex time, absorbing water with the absorbent polymer, freeze-drying the swollen absorbent polymer to remove at least a portion of the absorbed water, and obtaining a modified absorbent polymer having a second vortex time. The ratio of the first vortex time to the second vortex time is at least about 5, and desirably the modified absorbent polymer has a stiffness index of at least about 0.7.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a method for producing an exfoliated nanocomposite. The method involves charging to water, as the continuous phase, monomers, polymerizable surfactant, and water-soluble initiator. The monomers are allowed to polymerize under agitation to form an emulsion of polymers, and the polymerizable surfactant is bound to the polymers so formed, with an ionic end of the polymerizable surfactant extending from the polymers to provide surface charges. Thereafter, a suspension of nanofillers in water is charged to the emulsion. The nanofillers are oppositely charged from the ionic end of the polymerizable surfactant such that they electrostatically bind to the polymers within the emulsion. The water is subsequently decanted to produce a nanocomposite with an exfoliated structure.

Abstract: Emulsion polymerizations are described in which the monomers include an ethylenically unsaturated ammonium phosphate ester monomer. The processes may be conducted with high total solids, to produce a polymer latex having a solids content in the range 20 to 60%, for instance in the range 25 to 50% by weight. Preferably comonomers include lower alkyl and higher alkyl methacrylate selected to give desirable glass transition temperatures and coalescing films, zwitterionic comonomers, polyethoxylated comonomers to confer desired biocompatibility and latex stability as well as good wetting for a film formed of the polymer and may contain crosslinking monomers, reactive monomers, anionic monomers and/or cationic monomers. The latexes are stable, even when the process is carried out in the substantial absence of non-polymerizable emmulsifier. Coatings formed from the latexes containing zwitterionic comonomer have good biocompatibilizing properties.

Abstract: Polymerized fatty acid-based polyamides may be combined with low polarity and high polarity co-solvents to produce homogeneous water-in-oil emulsions. These emulsions have the appearance of white or translucent creams, with stiffnessranging from soft and greasy, to hard and able to support weight. These emulsions are stable in the presence or absence of surfactant, and are formed easily by mixing components with heat and then cooling. These emulsions are useful in applications favoring an oil base, such as skin creams and cosmetics with emulsions of low stiffness, and car polish with emulsions of greater stiffness.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous dispersions that, for example, include the reaction product of an oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer having an oxirane functionality between 0.5 and 5; an acid-functional polymer having an acid number 30 to 500; and a tertiary amine. Also described are coating compositions containing the dispersion and methods of forming the dispersion.

Abstract: An emulsifier system comprising

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous styrene-butadiene polymer dispersion by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture M comprising styrene, butadiene, and if desired up to 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of monomers, of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers other than styrene and butadiene; in a polymerization vessel by a monomer feed technique in the presence of a regulator system containing, based on 100% by weight of monomers, from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon HC having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, selected from compounds which on abstraction of a hydrogen atom form a pentadienyl radical or 1-phenylallyl radical, and &agr;-methylstyrene dimer, and from 0.3 to 2% by weight of an organic compound S containing at least one SH group wherein at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 80%, and with particular preference the entirety (or >95%) of hydrocarbon HC is included in the initial charge to the polymerization vessel.

Abstract: Emulsion polymerisations are described in which the monomers include an ethylenically unsaturated ammonium phosphate ester monomer. The processes may be conducted with high total solids, to produce a polymer latex having a solids content in the range 20 to 60%, for instance in the range 25 to 50% by weight. Preferably comonomers include lower alkyl and higher alkyl methacrylate selected to give desirable glass transition temperatures and coalescing films, zwitterionic comonomers, polyethoxylated comonomers to confer desired biocompatibility and latex stability as well as good wetting for a film formed of the polymer and may contain crosslinking monomers, reactive monomers, anionic monomers and/or cationic monomers. The latexes are stable, even when the process is carried out in the substantial absence of non-polymerisable emmulsifier. Coatings formed from the latexes containing zwitterionic comonomer have good biocompatibilising properties.

Abstract: Powder clearcoat dispersions (powder slurry clearcoats) preparable by dispersing a powder clearcoat in an aqueous medium and wet milling the resulting powder slurry, at least one adduct of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with at least one glycol being added to the powder slurry prior to wet milling; and the use of the powder slurry clearcoats for producing clearcoat finishes, especially as part of multicoat color and/or effect finishes.

Abstract: The curable coating compositions of the invention comprise a particulate component having at least one binder component (a) which is a solid at 75° F./24° C., and an additive component (b). The curable coating compositions further comprise a crosslinking component (c) reactive with the at least one binder component (a). Additive component (b) has from 12 to 72 carbon atoms, is substantially free of any heteroatoms, is not a crystalline solid at 75° F./24° C. and comprises a mixture of two or more structures selected from the group consisting of aliphatic structures for additive component (b), aromatic-containing structures for additive component (b), cycloaliphatic-containing structures for additive component (b), and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of the two or more structures is either a cycloaliphatic-containing structure or an aromatic-containing structure.

Abstract: A process for the continuous coagulation and drying of rubber latex includes feeding the latex onto an endless conveyor belt which feeds the latex through a coagulator. A combination of microwave energy and hot air raises the temperature of the latex causing it to coagulate in a coagulation time of less than five minutes. The coagulated rubber from the coagulator is fed into a conveyor belt of a stretch unit which stretches the rubber by increasing its speed of travel. The stretched rubber is then conveyed onto the upper belt of a drying unit. The drying rubber is passed from the upper belt onto an intermediate belt and then on to a lower belt before leaving the drying unit. A combination of microwave energy and hot air in the drying unit is used to dry the rubber to a moisture content of less than 1.5%.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a latex by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization in the presence of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, of at least one radical polymerization initiator and of at least one surface-active block copolymer comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block which is prepared by a “living” or “controlled” preparation process, the said copolymer exhibiting a number-average molecular mass of between 2 000 and 20 000, preferably between 4 000 and 16 000, a glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block of less than 30° C., preferably of less than 25° C., and greater than −100° C., and a surface tension of less than 60 millinewtons per metre (mN/m), preferably of less than 50 mN/m, measured at a concentration in demineralized water of less than or equal to 10−4 mol/l at 20° C.

Abstract: An ambient curable aqueous dispersion of polymer particles containing pendant ethylenically unsaturated side chains; a method of applying to a substrate a coating composition containing the aqueous dispersion of polymer particles; and a method of making the aqueous dispersion of polymer particles are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to starch, derived from amylopectin potatoes, which is preferably in a modified and/or derivatised form. Said starch is an especially advantages protective colloid for use in conducting emulsion polymerization reactions. The invention also relates to emulsion [co]polymerization methods and polymer dispersions produced thereby.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing polymers by free radical polymerisation comprising (i) preparing a mini-emulsion containing: at least an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least a control agent selected among xanthates, dithio-carbamates, thioether-thiones, the xanthates comprising phosphorus and optionally fluorine and dithiophosphoroesters, an aqueous solution, a surfactant, and a co-surfacant, and (ii) reacting said mini-emulsion, in the presence of a free radical source, at a sufficient temperature and/or for a sufficient time interval to form the polymers.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a titanium compound, a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or its metal salt, water and optionally a solvent. The complexing agent can be hydroxycarboxylic acid, alkanolamines, aminocarboxylic acids, or combinations of two or more thereof. The solvent can be water, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1-methyl propylene glycol, pentylene glycol, or combinations of two or more thereof. The titanium compound can be combined with a zirconium compound. Also disclosed is a process for using the composition for producing an ester or a polyester. The process comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of the compositions, with an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, polymerization, or combinations of two or more thereof.