Nitrogen Atom Is Part Of A Carboxylic Acid Amide Group Patents (Class 525/296)
  • Patent number: 6239228
    Abstract: A graft copolymer pressure sensitive adhesive is provided comprised of a backbone polymer having a polymeric moiety grafted thereto. The copolymer comprises at least one A monomer consisting of a monomeric (meth)acrylic acid ester of a non-tertiary alcohol, optionally at least one B monomer, optionally at least one polymeric graft moiety C having a Tg greater than 20° C., and a macromeric graft moiety D containing repeat hydrophilic units.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 23, 1999
    Date of Patent: May 29, 2001
    Assignee: Adhesives Research, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael J. Zajaczkowski, Barbara A. Stutzman
  • Patent number: 6239227
    Abstract: Novel water-soluble or water-dispersible grafted copolymers comprising polyvinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone or oxyalkylene oligomer or polymer units and hydrophilic copolymer units derived from ethylenically unsaturated anionic and amphoteric water-soluble monomers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 9, 1999
    Date of Patent: May 29, 2001
    Assignee: Rhodia Chimie
    Inventors: Harold Schoonbrood, Vance Bergeron, Jean-Pierre Marchand
  • Patent number: 6221967
    Abstract: The present invention relates to reaction products formed from maleic anhydride and amino carboxylic acids. The reaction products are particularly useful for grafting polyolefins to increase their polarity and therefore enhance their physical properties.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 16, 1999
    Date of Patent: April 24, 2001
    Assignee: Shell Oil Company
    Inventors: Manuel Soler Rodriguez, Charles Chiu-Hsiung Hwo, Pui Kwan Wong, Pierre Nazareth Tutunjian, Charles Lee Edwards
  • Patent number: 6203973
    Abstract: The present invention is a polymer latex that includes polymer particles having a core portion and a shell portion. The core portion contains polymerized hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomers with a water solubility less than 1% at room temperature. The shell portion contains polymerized monomers defined by formula (I) wherein X is O or NH, or NCH3, R1 and R2 are H, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, or C4H9, R3 and R4 are H or CH3, n1 and n2 are integers, n1 is from 1 to 4, n2 is from 1 to 20. The polymer particles having a size of less than 50 nm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 1999
    Date of Patent: March 20, 2001
    Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company
    Inventors: Tienteh Chen, Edward Schofield, Hwei-Ling Yau, Glenn M. Brown
  • Patent number: 6197891
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure: M—Qn—Z—O—[A(R1R2R3)] wherein M is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium; Q is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a compound selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene hydrocarbons, alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof into the M—Z linkage; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; A is an element selected from carbon and silicon; R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl groups containing lower alkyl, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, aryl or substituted aryl groups containing lower alkyl, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, and n is an integer from 1 to 5, monof
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 26, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 6, 2001
    Assignee: FMC Corporation
    Inventors: James Anthony Schwindeman, Eric John Granger, Robert Charles Morrison, Conrad William Kamienski, Robert James Letchford
  • Patent number: 6197906
    Abstract: This invention relates to the separation of molecules on polymer gels, in particular to novel cross-linked polymer gels comprising the cross-linking moiety of for formula (1) and their preparation, the separation of molecules by techniques such as electrophoresis using these gels, novel cross-linking agents useful in the preparation of the gels, and novel intermediates useful in the synthesis of the cross-linking agents. The invention is especially suitable for electrophoretic applications.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 18, 1999
    Date of Patent: March 6, 2001
    Assignee: The University of Melbourne
    Inventors: David Henry Solomon, Grace Chan, Peter Agapitos Kambouris, Mark Graham Looney
  • Patent number: 6187721
    Abstract: Soot in a lubricated diesel engine is effectively dispersed without adversely affecting the viscosity of the lubricant by using a particular lubricant. The lubricant utilized comprises a lubricant base stock (e.g. more than 75% by weight), a dispersant (e.g. from 0.2-less than 4% from a detergent inhibitor (D1) package), and a functionalized viscosity index improver (e.g. from 0.1-2.5% by solids weight). The functionalized viscosity index improver is a highly functionalized graft copolymer reaction product of an oxygen, a nitrogen, or an oxygen and nitrogen containing, ethylenically unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic monomer having from 2 to about 50 carbon atoms grafted onto a polyolefin copolymer. Also, 0-2.5% by solids weight of another viscosity index improver besides the highly functionalized graft copolymer reaction product may be added, as well as other conventional additives.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 1998
    Date of Patent: February 13, 2001
    Assignee: Castrol Limited
    Inventors: Irwin Goldblatt, Michael McHenry, Kenneth Henderson, Danny Carlisle, Niall Ainscough, Myron Brown, Richard Tittel
  • Patent number: 6172015
    Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one &agr;, &bgr; unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C3-C20 &agr;-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 21, 1999
    Date of Patent: January 9, 2001
    Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc
    Inventors: Jacob Emert, Albert Rossi, David E. Gindelberger, Jon E. Stanat, James P. Stokes, Jaimes Sher
  • Patent number: 6111025
    Abstract: A block copolymer of a hydrophobic block of one or more hydrophobic monomers and a hydrophilic block of one or more hydrophilic monomers is prepared by polymerizing a hydrophobic monomer to prepare the hydrophobic block, using a free radical polymerization process using a stable free radical agent, preserving a stabilized active polymerization site on the hydrophobic block; adding a hydrophilic monomer to the stabilized active hydrophobic block; and further reacting the mixture to effect polymerization of the hydrophilic monomer. The polymerization of the hydrophilic monomer is conducted in an amidic solvent in which the hydrophobic block and the hydrophilic monomer are soluble.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 24, 1997
    Date of Patent: August 29, 2000
    Assignee: The Lubrizol Corporation
    Inventors: Daniel C. Visger, Klaus-Werner Damm, Richard M. Lange, Barton J. Schober
  • Patent number: 6103865
    Abstract: There are disclosed pH-sensitive polymers containing sulfonamide groups, which can be changed in physical properties, such as swellability and solubility, depending on pH and which can be applied for a drug-delivery system, bio-material, sensor, etc, and a preparation method therefor. The pH-sensitive polymers are prepared by introduction of sulfonamide groups, various in pKa, to hydrophilic groups of polymers either through coupling to the hydrophilic groups, such as acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, etc, of polymers or copolymerization with other polymerizable monomers. These pH-sensitive polymers may have a structure of linear polymer, grafted copolymer, hydrogel or interpenetrating network polymer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 22, 1998
    Date of Patent: August 15, 2000
    Assignee: Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology
    Inventors: You Han Bae, Sang Yeob Park
  • Patent number: 6069205
    Abstract: The present invention is block copolymer of the formulas I and II(PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (I)X(PB).sub.y (PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (II)wherein PA is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and PB is a cationically polymerizable monomer that can be initiated with an alkyl halide or without catalysts, x is 4 to 500,000 and y is from 2 to 500,000 and X is a halogen atom. The present invention also provides a method for making a block copolymer of the formulas I and II(PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (I)X(PB).sub.y (PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (II)wherein PA is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and PB is a cationically polymerizable monomer that can be initiated with an alkyl halide, x is 4 to 500,000 and y is from 2 to 500,000 and X is a halogen atom. The reaction is initiated by an atom transfer radical polymerization of the PA monomer with an initiator to produce a polymer of the formulas (III) or (IV)(PA).sub.x X (III)X(PA).sub.x X (IV)wherein X is a halogen atom.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 3, 1997
    Date of Patent: May 30, 2000
    Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company
    Inventor: Jin-Shan Wang
  • Patent number: 6066603
    Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one .alpha., .beta. unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 21, 1997
    Date of Patent: May 23, 2000
    Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
    Inventors: Jacob Emert, Albert Rossi, David E. Gindelberger, Jon E. Stanat, James P. Stokes, Jaimes Sher
  • Patent number: 6015862
    Abstract: Functionalized terpolymers of two different .alpha.-olefin and para-alkylstyrene are disclosed, wherein the functionalized terpolymers have a substantially homogeneous compositional distribution represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R' and R" independently, are hydrogen or a primary or secondary alkyl group; X is a functional group, such as --COOH, --OH, --SH, --NH.sub.2, --Cl, --Br, --M, --COOM (M =metals, e.g. Li, Na, K and Ca) and anhydrides; P is a polymer having a molecular weight of at least 500; Y is chemical linkage between polymer P and para-alkystyrene side chain; and the combination of a+b+c+d+e represents the empirical formula of a substantially random functional polymer; where both a and b are greater than 0; where the sum of a+b ranges from about 50 to 100,000; where each of c, d and e range from 0 to 10,000; where both d and e can not be 0; and where the sum of c+d+e is at least 1.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 23, 1998
    Date of Patent: January 18, 2000
    Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Tze-Chiang Chung, Honglan Lu
  • Patent number: 6013737
    Abstract: A rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a diene rubber ingredient containing an amino group-containing diene rubber, 10 to 120 parts by weight of silica, 0.1 to 15 parts by weight a vulcanizer and 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of a sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator.This rubber composition exhibits excellent heat build-up, tensile property and abrasion resistance, and is suitable for tires and others.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 5, 1998
    Date of Patent: January 11, 2000
    Assignee: Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Yukio Takagishi, Masao Nakamura
  • Patent number: 5981666
    Abstract: A novel high performance pressure sensitive adhesive composition is provided comprised of a phase separated graft copolymer comprised of a polymerized acrylic or methacrylic acid ester backbone having grafted thereon pendant polymeric moieties such as polystyrene or poly-alpha-methylstyrene in an amount of from 1.5 to 2.5 grafts per polymer chain on average.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 17, 1997
    Date of Patent: November 9, 1999
    Assignee: Adhesives Research, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael J. Zajaczkowski, Bernard Gordon, III
  • Patent number: 5886105
    Abstract: In the preparation of a rubber-modified molding material, in a first stage, a first mixture (A) contains at least one alkyl acrylate or methacrylate (a) of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1 to 32 carbon atoms, a compound (b) of the formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.6 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen, and, if required, a first monomer (c) or a plurality thereof is polymerized with free radicals to give a rubber (B),in a second stage, the resulting rubber (B) is mixed with a second monomer (d) or with a plurality thereof, preferably dissolved or swollen therein, to form a second mixture (C), andin a third stage, the second mixture (C) formed by mixing is polymerized with free radicals to give the rubber-modified molding material (D).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 12, 1997
    Date of Patent: March 23, 1999
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Graham Edmund Mc Kee, Hermann Gausepohl, Bernhard Rosenau, Walter Heckmann
  • Patent number: 5874389
    Abstract: A grafted polyolefin containing one or more of N-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylpyridine, or other ethylenically-unsaturated nitrogen-containing or oxygen-containing graftable monomers grafted to a polyolefin copolymer is disclosed. The grafted polyolefin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 500,000, a polydispersity of less than about 10, and an ADT value of at least about 8. The grafted polyolefin can be defined as containing more than about 1.2% by weight of grafted monomer on a polyolefin, or as containing at least about 13 moles of graftable monomers per mole of polyolefin, or as having an asphaltene dispersancy test (ADT) value of at least about 8. Also described is a lubricating oil comprising a lubricant base oil and a grafted polyolefin as described above. Also described is a method of making a dispersant viscosity index improver.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 29, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 23, 1999
    Assignee: Castrol Limited
    Inventors: Frederick J. Boden, Richard P. Sauer, Irwin L. Goldblatt, Michael E. McHenry
  • Patent number: 5872167
    Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber stocks containing a metal salt of hydroxy-aryl substituted maleamic acid. The rubber stocks compounded with the cobalt salts of hydroxy-aryl substituted maleamic acid exhibit improved aged rubber/wire adhesion. The rubber stocks compounded with sodium salts of hydroxy-aryl substituted maleamic acid exhibit improved peel adhesion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 16, 1991
    Date of Patent: February 16, 1999
    Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
    Inventors: Lawson Gibson Wideman, George Frank Balogh, Denise Jeannette Keith
  • Patent number: 5869576
    Abstract: Relatively low molecular weight Olefin/CO copolymers are graft copolymerized with vinyl monomers by the exposure of a mixture of a dispersion of the two to high energy radiation such as .gamma. ray radiation. Styrene is an example of a monomer useful in forming the graft copolymer. The graft copolymers are useful as waterborne glues particularly in the preparation of wood composites.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 10, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 9, 1999
    Assignee: Shell Oil Company
    Inventors: Carlton Edwin Ash, Narayana Mysore, Pui Kwan Wong
  • Patent number: 5866660
    Abstract: A crosslinked popcorn polymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and a crosslinker containing a pendant divinyl moiety and a chelating group capable of complexing a heavy metal ion in aqueous solution.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 13, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 2, 1999
    Assignee: ISP Investments Inc.
    Inventors: Victor Kabanov, Vladimir Golubev
  • Patent number: 5859140
    Abstract: A method for producing branched polymerizates by radical polymerization of monomers in two stages comprisingin a first stage, adding 10 to 500 parts by weight of at least one monomer M.sub.1 and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a mercaptan with an olefinic, radically polymerizable double bond RM as a molecular weight regulator, and polymerizing said at least one monomer M.sub.1 and mercaptan RM to form a copolymer MM.sub.1 in the presence of at least one polymerization initiator and 0 to 100 parts by weight of an inert, non-aqueous solvent, which completely dissolves the monomer M.sub.1, the mercaptan RM and the copolymer MM.sub.1, where the polymerizable double bonds and M.sub.1 and RM have a reactivity, expressed by a copolymerization parameter r, between 0.1 and 10, andin a second stage, adding 10 to 2000 parts by weight of a monomer M.sub.2 and 0.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1997
    Date of Patent: January 12, 1999
    Assignee: Roehm GmbH Chemische Fabrik
    Inventors: Martina Pfirmann, Werner Siol, Klaus Koralewski, Michael Wicker
  • Patent number: 5849834
    Abstract: A W/O type emulsified composition comprising an oil phase containing ethyl cellulose and a solvent capable of swelling ethyl cellulose and a water phase containing a water soluble polymer(s) emulsified as a water-in-oil type (W/O type) emulsion. A W/O type emulsified composition comprising an oil phase containing ethyl cellulose and a solvent capable of swelling ethyl cellulose and a water phase containing a polyion complex comprising cationized cellulose and sodium hyaluronate emulsified as a water-in-oil type (W/O type) emulsion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 10, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 15, 1998
    Assignee: Shiseido Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Fumiaki Matsuzaki, Toshio Yanaki, Michihiro Yamaguchi
  • Patent number: 5827929
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, aryl or substituted aryl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 12, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 27, 1998
    Assignee: FMC Corporation
    Inventors: James A. Schwindeman, Eric J. Granger, John F. Engel, Conrad W. Kamienski
  • Patent number: 5821307
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Q.sub.n --Z--OA(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is defined as an alkali metal, selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, Q is an aromatic substituted saturated hydrocarbyl group produced by the incorporation of one or more alkenyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons containing 8-25 carbon atoms into the M--Z linkage; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; A is an element selected from carbon and silicon; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 13, 1998
    Assignee: FMC Corporation
    Inventors: James Anthony Schwindeman, Conrad William Kamienski, Eric John Granger, Robert Charles Morrison
  • Patent number: 5814586
    Abstract: A grafted polyolefin containing at least about 13 moles of N-vinylimidazole or other ethylenically-unsaturated nitrogen-containing and/or oxygen-containing monomers per mole of a grafted polyolefin backbone is disclosed. The graft polyolefin has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 500,000 and a polydispersity of less than about 10. The grafted polyolefin can alternatively be defined as containing more than about 1.2% by weight of grafted monomer on a polyolefin. Also described is a lubricating oil comprising a lubricant base oil and a grafted polyolefin as described above. Also described is a method of making a dispersant-viscosity index improver. N-vinylimidazole or other ethylenically unsaturated nitrogen-containing and/or oxygen-containingmonomers and a graftable polyolefin are reacted with enough of an initiator to graft at least about 13 moles of the monomer to each mole of the polyolefin.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 1996
    Date of Patent: September 29, 1998
    Assignee: Castrol Limited
    Inventors: Frederick J. Boden, Richard P. Sauer, Irwin L. Goldblatt, Michael E. McHenry
  • Patent number: 5792815
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 19, 1997
    Date of Patent: August 11, 1998
    Assignee: FMC Corporation
    Inventors: James A. Schwindeman, Eric J. Granger, John F. Engel, Conrad W. Kamienski
  • Patent number: 5776362
    Abstract: A sludge dehydrating agent which is excellent in storage stability and prevented from becoming water-insoluble during storage and hence can be distributed in the market securely by solving the problem of the conventional dehydrating agents comprising amphoteric polymers that they undergo deterioration and become water-insoluble when stored for long, thus becoming substantially unusable. This dehydrating agent comprises a copolymer composed of cationic vinyl monomer units, vinylic carboxylic acid monomer units and nonionic vinyl monomer units and a salt of a group IIA metal of the periodic table. Preferable examples of the vinylic carboxylic acid monomer include acrylic, methacrylic and crotonic acids, while those of the nonionic vinyl monomer include acrylamide and methacrylamide. The metal salts usable herein include those of mineral acids and organic carboxylic acids, and preferable mineral acid salts include calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 23, 1994
    Date of Patent: July 7, 1998
    Assignees: Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Sanyo Chemical Industries Ltd.
    Inventors: Shigeru Sato, Hisao Ohshimizu, Shinobu Kawaguchi
  • Patent number: 5777036
    Abstract: Particulate graft copolymers A) are composed ofa.sub.1) from 5 to 70% by weight, based on A), of a grafting base having a glass transition temperature of less than 10.degree. C. and based ona.sub.11) from 50 to 99.94% by weight, based on a.sub.1), of at least one alkyl acrylate where the alkyl radical is of 1 to 30 carbon atoms,a.sub.12) from 0 to 49.9% by weight, based on a.sub.1), of a further monounsaturated monomer copolymerizable with b.sub.11) anda.sub.13) from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on a.sub.1), of polyfunctional crosslinking monomers,a.sub.2) from 20 to 85% by weight, based on A), of a stage polymerized in the presence of component a.sub.1) and comprisinga.sub.21) from 95 to 100% by weight, based on a.sub.2), of at least one monomer having a refractive index n.sub.D.sup.20 of more than 1.51 anda.sub.22) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on a.sub.2), of a polyfunctional, crosslinking monomer anda.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 1997
    Date of Patent: July 7, 1998
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Wolfgang Fischer, Jurgen Koch, Graham Edmund McKee
  • Patent number: 5753759
    Abstract: Graft polymers which contain N-vinyl units and in which the grafting base is a polymer which contains in each case at least 5% by weight of units of the formulae ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are grafted onto the grafting base in a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1:100, and which have K values of at least 7 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5% strength by weight aqueous solution at 25.degree. C. and pH 7), are prepared by polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polymers which in each case contain at least 5% by weight of units of the formulae I and/or II as the grafting base in a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1:100, and are used as dispersants for pigments, as additives for detergents and cleaning agents, and strength agents for paper and as soil stabilizers and for fertilizer compaction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 24, 1996
    Date of Patent: May 19, 1998
    Assignee: Basf Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Heinrich Hartmann, Walter Denzinger, Claudia Nilz
  • Patent number: 5739211
    Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compositions containing a pyrazine amide of the formula: ##STR1##
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 25, 1997
    Date of Patent: April 14, 1998
    Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
    Inventors: Lawson Gibson Wideman, Paul Harry Sandstrom
  • Patent number: 5739210
    Abstract: Polymers comprising reversible hydrophobic functionalities are disclosed. The preferred embodiment polymers comprise Lewis acid segments and Lewis base segments. The polymer segments are, by themselves, hydrophilic and will either swell or dissolve in water. When the segments are incorporated into a polymer according to the present invention, the segments form water-insoluble or hydrophobic complexes. Upon changes in pH, temperature or solvent type, these complexes may dissociate, giving large transitions in polymer viscosity, emulsification ability, mechanical strength or transport properties. These polymers are useful as reversible emulsifiers which form stable emulsions at acidic pH and unstable emulsions at basic pH, as water-borne thickeners having low viscosity at low pH and high viscosity at high pH, as superabsorbing resins, or as coatings for pharmaceutical or agricultural agents.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 8, 1996
    Date of Patent: April 14, 1998
    Assignee: Michigan State University
    Inventors: Alec B. Scranton, Arvind M. Mathur, John Klier
  • Patent number: 5731383
    Abstract: This invention relates to difunctional telechelic linear non-crosslinked polyolefins without pendant chain branched groups. The polyolefin compounds of this invention are useful for preparing high molecular weight polyesters, polyamides, polyureas and polyurethanes of high density without branching of the polymer chains, and with low permeability to gases and solvents.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 3, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 24, 1998
    Assignee: Amoco Corporation
    Inventors: Philip O. Nubel, Howard B. Yokelson
  • Patent number: 5726250
    Abstract: A covalently crosslinked absorbent graft copolymer is provided comprised of a water-soluble base monomer and a water-soluble or water-dispersible macromer. In a preferred embodiment, the water-soluble base monomer comprises a carboxylic hydroxyalkyl ester monomer and the water-soluble macromer comprises an ethoxylated or propoxylated hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate. The covalently crosslinked absorbent graft copolymer exhibits desirable water absorbency and water vapor transmission rates and may be used in a variety of medical applications such as a wound dressing, medical adhesive or biomedical electrode.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 7, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 10, 1998
    Assignee: Adhesives Research, Inc.
    Inventor: Michael J. Zajaczkowski
  • Patent number: 5708092
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Q.sub.n --Z--OA(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is defined as an alkali metal, selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, Q is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a compound selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene hydrocarbons and alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; A is an element selected from carbon and silicon; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 12, 1996
    Date of Patent: January 13, 1998
    Assignee: FMC Corporation
    Inventors: James A. Schwindeman, Conrad W. Kamienski, Robert C. Morrison
  • Patent number: 5708094
    Abstract: Contact lenses are made from the polymerization product of a monomer mixture comprising a polybutadiene-based compound as represented by formula (I)E--B(AB).sub.a --E (I)wherein:A is selected from the group consisting of a chemical bond, --OCO--, --COO--, --CONH--, --NHCO--, --OCOO--, --NHCOO-- and --OCONH--,a is zero or an integer of at least 1;each B is independently represented by the formula (II) ##STR1## where each of m, n, and p is independently 0 or greater, provided that m+n+p is at least 10;R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;each E is independently a polymerizable terminal ethylenically unsaturated organic group.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 17, 1996
    Date of Patent: January 13, 1998
    Assignee: Bausch & Lomb Incorporated
    Inventors: Yu-Chin Lai, Ronald E. Bambury
  • Patent number: 5703170
    Abstract: A novel high performance pressure sensitive adhesive composition is provided comprised of a phase separated graft copolymer comprised of a polymerized acrylic or methacrylic acid ester backbone having grafted thereon pendant polymeric moieties such as polystyrene or poly-alpha-methylstyrene. The average number of carbon atoms present in the ester portion of the backbone ranges from 2.5 to 3.5. The composition is non-corrosive and has a low volatile content.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 17, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 30, 1997
    Assignee: Adhesives Research, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael J. Zajaczkowski, Barbara A. Stutzman
  • Patent number: 5700873
    Abstract: A method is provided for the production of a water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymer. The copolymer is comprised of a water-soluble base monomer and/or a water-soluble or water-dispersible macromer. The disclosed method involves a two step polymerization procedure wherein in a first step a minor portion of the reactants are polymerized to conversion under conditions which result in the formation of a low molecular weight product, and in a second step the remaining portion of the reactants are polymerized to conversion in the presence of the reaction product of the first step under conditions which result in the production of a higher molecular weight product.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 14, 1995
    Date of Patent: December 23, 1997
    Assignee: Adhesives Research, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael J. Zajaczkowski, Barbara A. Stutzman
  • Patent number: 5698636
    Abstract: An ocular lens material containing a polymer having a maleimide derivative-.alpha.-methylstyrene unit and N,N-dimethylacrylamide unit, which is excellent in optical property, has a high water-absorptive property and a high mechanical strength and further only shows an extremely small size change based on pH change of a solution under the hydrated state, and which can be preferably used for, in particular, water-absorptive contact lenses and the like, and a process for producing the same.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 5, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 16, 1997
    Assignee: Tomey Technology Corporation
    Inventor: Hideaki Kamiya
  • Patent number: 5693717
    Abstract: A method for producing branched polymerizates by radical polymerization of monomers in two stages comprisingin a first stage, adding 10 to 500 parts by weight of at least one monomer M.sub.1 and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a mercaptan with an olefinic, radically polymerizable double bond RM as a molecular weight regulator, and polymerizing said at least one monomer M.sub.1 mercaptan RM to form a copolymer MM.sub.1 in the presence of at least one polymerization initiator and 0 to 100 parts by weight of an inert, non-aqueous solvent, which completely dissolves the monomer M.sub.1, the mercaptan RM and the copolymer MM.sub.1, where the polymerizable double bonds of M.sub.1 and RM have a reactivity, expressed by a copolymerization parameter r, between 0.1 and 10, andin a second stage, adding 10 to 2000 parts by weight of a monomer M.sub.2 and 0.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 1, 1996
    Date of Patent: December 2, 1997
    Assignee: Roehm GmbH Chemische Fabrik
    Inventors: Martina Pfirmann, Werner Siol, Klaus Koralewski, Michael Wicker
  • Patent number: 5674946
    Abstract: The invention relates to activated support materials which comprise epoxy-substituted poly(meth)acrylamides, characterized in that:a) the base support contains aliphatic hydroxyl groups,b) the covalently bonded polymers are bonded to the support via a terminal monomer unit,c) the polymers contain monomer units of the formula I,d) the monomer units are linearly linked, ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are H or CH.sub.3,R.sup.4 is H or alkyl having 1-5 carbon atomsandn is an integer between 1 and 5 and to the use thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 3, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 7, 1997
    Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung
    Inventor: Egbert Muller
  • Patent number: 5668215
    Abstract: The present invention provides a functional group-containing alkyl acrylate-butadiene-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer which is obtained from the following layers by emulsion graftlinking polymerization: an inner layer comprising polybutadiene or an aromatic vinyl compound-butadiene copolymer; a middle layer comprising an aromatic vinyl compound-an alkyl acrylate copolymer; and an outer layer comprising an alkyl acrylate-a functional group-containing vinyl compound copolymer. The functional group-containing alkyl acrylate-butadiene-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer can be incorporated into a PC/PBT alloy as an impact modifier, thus the impact strength of the modified alloy composition at room temperature and low temperatures can be increased effectively.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 20, 1996
    Date of Patent: September 16, 1997
    Assignee: Industrial Technology Research Institute
    Inventors: Cheng-Lung Chao, Juh-Shyong Lee, Feng-Chih Chang
  • Patent number: 5668219
    Abstract: A process for the percolation leaching of minerals from a mineral-beating ore comprises agglomerating the mineral-bearing ore with an agglomerating agent of a cationic block copolymer having a polymeric segment and a block containing an ammonium cation optionally with a block derived from an acrylamide monomer, forming the ore/agglomerating agent mixture into a heap, and leaching the heap by percolation with a leaching solution for subsequent recovery of the minerals at an acidic pH.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 22, 1996
    Date of Patent: September 16, 1997
    Assignee: BetzDearborn Inc.
    Inventors: David M. Polizzotti, Wen P. Liao, Donald C. Roe
  • Patent number: 5663237
    Abstract: A supercritical graft copolymerization process is described which includes the steps of: adding a polymer into a high pressure reactor; adding a free radically polymerizable monomer into the reactor; adding a free radical polymerization initiator; adding a sufficient amount of a supercritical solvent to dissolve at least a portion of the polymer and the monomer when supercritical conditions are achieved inside the reactor; and heating and pressurizing the reactor to achieve supercritical conditions therein for a time sufficient to effect a graft copolymerization on the polymer by the polymerizing monomer which forms at least one side chain on the polymer. In general, the reaction pressure will range from 70 atm. to 200 atm. and the reaction temperature will range from 50.degree. C. to 90.degree. C. In the examples provided above, the supercritical solvent was carbon dioxide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 15, 1995
    Date of Patent: September 2, 1997
    Assignee: The University of Akron
    Inventors: Sunggyu Lee, Soonjong Kwak, Fouad Azzam
  • Patent number: 5663126
    Abstract: A grafted polyolefin containing N-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylpyridine, or other ethylenically-unsaturated nitrogen- or oxygen-containing graftable monomers grafted to a polyolefin copolymer. The grafted polyolefin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 500,000 and a polydispersity of less than about 10. The grafted polyolefin can contain more than about 1.2% by weight of grafted monomer or 13 or more moles of graftable monomers per mole of polyolefin and have an asphaltene dispersancy test (ADT) value of at least about 8. Also described is a lubricating oil comprising such a grafted polyolefin. Also described is a method of making a grafted polyolefin dispersant viscosity index improver by adding the graft monomer or the initiator slowly during the reaction. The present reaction can optionally be carried out by providing a melted reactant composition in an extruder or other polymeric mixer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 1995
    Date of Patent: September 2, 1997
    Assignee: Castrol Limited
    Inventors: Frederick J. Boden, Richard P. Sauer, Irwin L. Goldblatt, Michael E. McHenry
  • Patent number: 5635565
    Abstract: A rubber-modified thermoplastic resin is obtained by polymerizing (b) an aromatic vinyl compound and (c) a vinyl cyanide compound in the presence of (a) a rubbery polymer, and in which the content of the component (a) is 50 to 85% by weight, the content of the component (b) is 5 to 48% by weight and the content of the component (c) is 2 to 45% by weight, and which resin has a Q value of 30.times.10.sup.-4 to 50.times.10.sup.-3 and a grafting degree of 5% by weight or more. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising the above rubber-modified thermoplastic resin and at least one other thermoplastic resin is prepared.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 18, 1995
    Date of Patent: June 3, 1997
    Assignee: Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Hajime Miyajima, Tsugio Asakawa, Noriaki Ijuin, Hiroo Nakamura, Toshihiro Ogawa, Shinichi Kimura
  • Patent number: 5625006
    Abstract: Adhesive beads comprise a core comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive material and an essentially discontinuous organic polymer disposed about the core. The beads are free-flowing at room temperature. Upon application of heat and/or pressure the core is activated and blends with the coating to provide a pressure sensitive adhesive.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 24, 1996
    Date of Patent: April 29, 1997
    Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
    Inventors: Joseph P. Callahan, Jr., Rudyard M. Enanoza, Mark D. Weigel
  • Patent number: 5618887
    Abstract: A process for the functionalisation of polymers is disclosed. Functionalisation takes place by reacting a polymer with a peroxidant, preferably, the peroxydisulphate or monosulphate or sodium or potassium in an aqueous medium. The hydroxylated polymer can then be reacted with other materials, including biomolecules. Using the method of the inventon, products eg. Catheters or oxygenators can be produced with improved properties hitherto unobtainable.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 3, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 8, 1997
    Assignee: The University of Liverpool
    Inventors: Clement H. Bamford, Kadem G. Al-Lamee
  • Patent number: 5612420
    Abstract: Polymeric glass modifier having a partially crosslinked structure capable of effectively reducing the surface gloss of a thermoplastic resin, is prepared by (a) emulsion polymerizing an acrylic monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated cyanide compound end, optionally, an aromatic vinyl monomer to obtain a copolymer latex of a linear structure; (b) conducting a crosslinking emulsion polymerization of the resultant linear copolymer latex obtained in step (a) with an addition of the same monomers used in step (a), an acrylamide inter-particle crosslinking agent and an ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking agent to produce a partially crosslinked latex; and (c) coagulating and interparticle crosslinking the partially crosslinked latex obtained in step (b) with an addition of an acid to obtain the polymeric gloss modifier.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 21, 1994
    Date of Patent: March 18, 1997
    Assignee: Lucky Limited
    Inventors: Jin N. Yoo, Dong O. Kim, Yeong R. Chang, Jong K. Yeo
  • Patent number: 5602208
    Abstract: The invention relates to the use of aminoalkanolamide esters as processing aids, more particularly as lubricants and/or mold release agents, for thermoplastics.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 14, 1994
    Date of Patent: February 11, 1997
    Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
    Inventors: Joerg-Dieter Klamann, Dieter Kramptiz, Andreas Lippmann, Uwe Ploog
  • Patent number: 5597871
    Abstract: The present invention relates to comb polymers KP, produced from macromonomers of formula (I) ##STR1## where X represents a group which comes from the initiator system, preferably an alkyl group with 1-50 C atoms; R1 represents an alkyl group with 1-18 C atoms, preferably 1-10 C atoms, particularly preferably 1-4 C atoms; R2 and R3 each represent an alkyl group with 1-8 C atoms; and B represents a terminal alkene group with at least 2 and not more than 12 C atoms; wherewith the compound of formula (I) is converted, by means which are per se known, to a compound of formula (II) which contains an active hydrogen substituent in the terminal position: ##STR2## where X, R1, R2, a, b, and c are as defined above, and a represents the group B modified by introduction of the active hydrogen function; wherewith the compound of formula (II) in turn is acylated to a macromonomer of formula (IV) by a reagent MR which introduces the (meth)acryloyl group: ##STR3## where X, R1, R2, R3, A, a, b, and c are as defined above, an
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 1, 1995
    Date of Patent: January 28, 1997
    Assignee: Roehm GmbH Chemische Fabrik
    Inventors: Clemens Auschra, Juergen Omeis, Horst Pennewiss