Abstract: A hydrophilic polymer is denatured with a gaseous denaturant or a powdery denaturant substance made from a liquid denaturant substance. The liquid denaturant substance is made into powders by, for example, a method of mixing the liquid denaturant substance with a water-insoluble compound, a method of cooling the liquid denaturant substance to or below its melting point to turn the same into a solid state. Consequently, the hydrophilic polymer can be denatured uniformly. In case that the hydrophilic polymer is denatured with a gaseous denaturant, the hydrophilic polymer and denaturant react with each other efficiently in a safe manner regardless of the size or shape of the hydrophilic polymer. In case that the hydrophilic polymer is denatured with the powdery denaturant substance, not only the liquid denaturant substance which is substantially in the solid state can be mixed with the hydrophilic polymer, but also the denaturation timing can be readily controlled.

Abstract: Cross-linked copolymers possessing high thickening and suspending properties obtainable by polymerization of monomeric systems comprising a) 10-97% of at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid, b) 0-80% of at least one alkyl ester of an unsaturated acid, c) 0.5-80% of an associative monomer, d) 0-20% of an unsaturated amide, e) 0.2-20% of a suitable cross-linking agent and f) 0-20% of an unsaturated sulfonic acid; processes for their preparation, which comprise polymerization by precipitation, suspension and solution polymerizations or emulsion polymerization; latexes comprising up to 50% or more of said copolymers; said cross-linked copolymers and said latexes whenever prepared by the above polymerization processes; their use as thickening agents of aqueous, or substantially aqueous systems; and the new cross-linking agents.

Abstract: This invention discloses a rubbery polymer having improved properties which is comprised of repeat units which are derived from (a) butyl acrylate, or optionally a mixture of butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate containing up to about 40 percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, (b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, (c) acrylonitrile, (d) styrene and (e) a crosslinking agent; wherein a chemical agent or a copolymer containing hydroxyl groups, ester groups, amine groups or carboxylic acid groups is grafted onto said rubbery polymer. The grafting can be done in the presence or in the absence of a carrying polymer matrix which should be inert with regard to the grafting reaction. Fatty alcohols and ethylene vinyl acetate are representative examples of agents which can be grafted onto the rubbery polymer.

Abstract: A laundry detergent composition comprising a surfactant, builder and from about 0.1 to about 25 weight percent, based on the total weight of the laundry detergent composition, of a styrene-anhydride copolymer grafted with polyethylene glycol which is prepared by reacting in a solvent styrene monomer selected from styrene and substituted styrene, with an anhydride monomer selected from maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride, to form a styrene-anhydride copolymer which is reacted with polyethylene glycol, to form a styrene-anhydride copolymer grafted with polyethylene glycol. The styrene-anhydride copolymers grafted with polyethylene glycol when used in a laundering process, remove soil from fabrics, inhibit soil deposition on fabrics, and provide soil resistance to fabrics.

Abstract: An absorbing agent has a diffusing absorbency under pressure of not less than 25 g/g when 60 minutes elapsed after absorption is started, and a water-soluble content is above 0 percent by weight and not more than 7 percent by weight. The absorbing agent is prepared by surface-crosslinking a precursor of the absorbing agent obtained by performing an aqueous solution polymerization of a hydrophilic unsaturated monomer having not less than 50 mole percent neutralized acrylic acid as a main component using a specific crosslinking agent having a main component composed of an ester compound of a specific polyhydroxy alcohol and an unsatuated carboxylic acid, and a high-boiling component having at least two alcohol structures in a molecule as a specific ratio.

Abstract: An improved textile material having a hydrophilic finish which is made by a method comprising applying to a fibrous web an aqueous solution comprising an anhydride based graft copolymer, and drying the fibrous web at a temperature sufficient to cure the anhydride based graft copolymer in the fibrous web. The anhydride based graft copolymer is the reaction product of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, an anhydride monomer selected from maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride, either a monofunctional polyglycol having a hydroxyl or amine terminal group or a polyfunctional polyglycol having a weight average molecular weight of greater than 5,000 and at least one terminal hydroxyl group, and a free radical initiator. The hydrophilic finish eliminates the shortcomings inherent in certain textile materials such as their high affinity for oils, staining during washing, static cling problems, and wearer discomfort.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. The polymers may be functionalized by a Mannich base condensation reaction. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: The present invention includes related methods and uses, including composition comprising the polymer derived from a monomer having the formula:H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHR; (1)and optionally at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers having the formula:R.sup.1 HC.dbd.CHR.sup.2 ; and (2)H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (3)wherein R is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. R is preferably an ethyl group (--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3) and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are preferably methyl groups (--CH.sub.3).

Abstract: Elastomeric vinylidene fluoride-containing copolymers are cured by a sequential process. In a first step, gum fluoroelastomer is mixed at a temperature of 150.degree. C.-250.degree. C. in the presence of an organic base and metal oxide or metal hydroxide to generate an unsaturated product. The unsaturated product is mixed with a polyhydroxy compound, polyamine, or organic peroxide and the resultant compounded fluoroelastomer is crosslinked.

Abstract: Functionalized terpolymers of two different .alpha.-olefin and para-alkylstyrene are disclosed, wherein the functionalized terpolymers have a substantially homogeneous compositional distribution represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R' and R" independently, are hydrogen or a primary or secondary alkyl group; X is a functional group, such as --COOH, --OH, --SH, --NH.sub.2, --Cl, --Br, --M, --COOM (M =metals, e.g. Li, Na, K and Ca) and anhydrides; P is a polymer having a molecular weight of at least 500; Y is chemical linkage between polymer P and para-alkystyrene side chain; and the combination of a+b+c+d+e represents the empirical formula of a substantially random functional polymer; where both a and b are greater than 0; where the sum of a+b ranges from about 50 to 100,000; where each of c, d and e range from 0 to 10,000; where both d and e can not be 0; and where the sum of c+d+e is at least 1.

Abstract: A cement clinker grinding aid which comprises a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) superplasticiser. The SMA is preferably a type with polyoxyalkylene-based side chains. Use of the grinding aid renders the grinding process more efficient and improves the performance of cementitous compositions in which the cement thus ground is used.

Abstract: Cosmetic compositions contain a polymer with the repeating structural unit (I) ##STR1## where the radicals have the meanings stated in the description.

Abstract: .alpha., .omega.-polymethacrylate glycols of the general formula ##STR1## are prepared and a method for their synthesis and their use as only or partial glycol component for the preparation of polyesters and polyurethanes and for the modification of alkyd and epoxide resins are described.

Abstract: New and improved curable compositions useful as non-yellowing, acid resistant coatings for a variety of substrates and as adhesives and binders are disclosed. The curable compositions comprise a polymeric component comprising poly(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl acrylamidoglycolate) functional units and poly (active hydrogen) functional units and preferably an effective amount of a protic acid crosslinking catalyst. In preferred embodiments acid-catalyzed room temperature curable coating compositions are provided. The compositions may be cured effectively at lower temperatures without the use of amines or other toxic crosslinking agents and do not liberate formaldehyde on curing. A method for making poly(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl acrylamidoglycolate) functional polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a thermoset elastomer comprising a crosslinked pseudorandom or substantially random interpolymer of: (a) from 15 to 70 weight percent of at least one .alpha.-olefin, (b) from 30 to 70 weight percent of at least one vinylidene aromatic compound, and (c) from 0 to 15 weight percent of at least one diene. The subject invention further provides a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising the thermoset elastomers of the invention as provided in a thermoplastic polyolefin matrix. The subject invention further provides processes for preparing the inventive thermoset elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates, as well as parts fabricated therefrom. The inventive materials have a superior balance of properties, as compared to EPM and EPDM based materials. The subject invention also pertains to foams and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: Substituted cyanoenamines of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined in the description, compositions thereof and methods for preparing the compounds are disclosed. The compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal system and the endocrinologic system.

Abstract: The invention provides a thermosetting powder coating composition comprising (A) a vinyl copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 1,500 to 6,000, a molecular weight distribution of 1.0 to 1.5 as represented by a weight average molecular weight/a number average molecular weight and a glass transition temperature of 40 to 100.degree. C., the copolymer containing at least one species of functional group selected from the class consisting of epoxy group, carboxyl group and hydroxyl group, and (B) a curing agent. The thermosetting powder coating composition of the invention is superior in any of the finished appearance of coating film and the blocking resistance.

Abstract: New adducts are produced from the reaction of vinyl dioxo compounds with anhydrides, epoxyesters, lactones, and lactams, and such adducts are useful for preparing curable coating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for reducing the chlorine content of various organochlorine compounds including the step introducing a source of iodine or bromine and mixtures thereof to the organochlorine compound.

Abstract: A vulcanizable elastomer having at least one pendant reactive amino group. The elastomer is vulcanized by using a phenolic-resin curative essentially in the absence of an activation catalyst, to form a vulcanizate. Also provided is a thermoplastic elastomeric vulcanizable composition of matter, employing the elastomer having the pendent reactive amino group, which may be dynamically vulcanized without the use of an activation catalyst. Further provided is a method for vulcanizing an elastomer having at least one pendent reactive amino group by utilizing a phenolic vulcanizing agent without the use of a catalyst.

Abstract: By carefully adjusting the molecular weight and amounts of methacrylic acid and maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride comonomers in polyacrylic acid-based fiberglass binders, binder-treated fiberglass cured and B-staged product throughput may be maintained at production rates designed for phenol/formaldehyde binders due to the lower thermal requirements for cure as compared to homopolyacrylic acid-based binder systems.

Abstract: Seals for automotive body applications (such as, windows, hoods, trunks and doors) and building applications (such as, window glazing gaskets and weather strips) should be dimensional stable, provide low compression set and offer outstanding sealing characteristics over a broad temperature range. They must be capable of sealing out noise, wind and water, while providing long-term ultraviolet light resistance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an ion exchange material, the process comprising:(A) forming an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble polymer containing pendent carboxyl groups and a water-soluble polyol, the number of carboxyl groups provided by said polymer being in excess of the number of hydroxyl groups provided by said polyol;(B) forming a thin film or a composite with the solution from step (A), the composite comprising the solution from step (A) in contact with a support material;(C) drying the solution to form a dried polymer;(D) heating the dried polymer from step (C) under esterification conditions to produce a water-insoluble partially esterified crosslinked polymer; and(E) contacting said partially esterified crosslinked polymer from step (D) with alkali or alkaline earth metal ions to form said ion exchange material.

Abstract: The reduction of hysteresis in a silica-filled, vulcanized elastomeric compound is produced by mixing diene monomer and optionally monovinyl aromatic monomer with a lithium amine initiator and, optionally, a modifier; effecting polymerization conditions; terminating polymerization with an amino group producing terminator to form an amine functionalized diene elastomer; compounding the amine functionalized diene elastomer with an amorphous silica filler and a vulcanization agent; and, effecting vulcanization. A pneumatic tire tread stock incorporating the vulcanized elastomer compound exhibits decreased rolling resistance in the tire.

Abstract: Polar polymers having the following formula:FG--(Q).sub.d --R.sub.n --Z--J--?A(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)!.sub.x(I)wherein FG is H or a protected or non-protected functional group; Q is a polar hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a polar compound selected from group consisting of esters, amides, and nitriles of acrylic and methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof; d is an integer from 10 to 2000; R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a compound selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene hydrocarbons, alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof; n is an integer from 0 to 5; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; J is oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; ?A(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)!.sub.x is a protecting group, in which A is an element selected from Group IVa of the Periodic Table of Elements; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.

Abstract: Polyolefin-substituted dicarboxylic ester derivatives, having an ester group derived from a polyether polyol and process for making such; wherein the ester derivatives are useful additives in lubricating oil compositions and concentrates thereof.

Abstract: Coating compositions comprised of a film forming polymer which is the reaction product of (a) a compound containing pendant and/or terminal hydroxyl or epoxy functional groups and (b) citric acid or citric acid anhydride. The coating compositions have enhanced adhesion to galvanized and galvanealed steel substrates without the use of a chrome containing wash primer.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers including functionalization from the group of amino groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphonic ester groups, acylpyrazolone groups, hydroxamic acid groups, aza crown ether groups, oxy crown ethers groups, guanidinium groups, amide groups, ester groups, aminodicarboxylic groups, permethylated polyvinylpyridine groups, permethylated amine groups, mercaptosuccinic acid groups, alkyl thiol groups, and N-alkylthiourea groups are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of curing a fluorocarbon elastomeric composition comprising: providing a mixture of a saturated elastomeric gum comprising repeating interpolymerized units derived from vinylidene fluoride and a perfluorinated ether of the formula CF.sub.2 .dbd.CF(CF.sub.2).sub.m --O--R.sub..function. wherein m =1-4, R.sub..function. is a perfluorinated aliphatic group optionally containing O atoms, at least one crosslinking agent, and an acid acceptor; shaping the mixture; and curing the resulting shaped article.

Abstract: The reduction of hysteresis in a silica-filled, vulcanized elastomeric compound is produced by mixing diene monomer and optionally monovinyl aromatic monomer with a lithium amine initiator and, optionally, a modifier; effecting polymerization conditions; terminating polymerization with an amino group producing terminator to form an amine functionalized diene elastomer; compounding the amine functionalized diene elastomer with an amorphous silica filler and a vulcanization agent; and, effecting vulcanization. A pneumatic tire tread stock incorporating the vulcanized elastomer compound exhibits improved reduced hysteresis, or highly balanced wet traction, rolling resistance, snow/ice traction, and mechanical strength when compounded with silica filler and vulcanized, in the tire.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to aqueous coating compositions comprising a resin component including a functional group-containing crosslinkable resin and, optionally, a curing/crosslinking agent for functional groups of the crosslinkable resin. More specifically, the resin component includes, at least in part, a special anionically or anionically/non-ionically stabilized functional group-containing crosslinkable resin which can function as either the primary crosslinkable resin (self-emulsifying system) or as a reactive emulsifier for other lipophilic crosslinkable resins (stabilized system).

Abstract: Seals for automotive body applications (such as, windows, hoods, trunks and doors) and building applications (such as, window glazing gaskets and weather strips) should be dimensional stable, provide low compression set and offer outstanding sealing characteristics over a broad temperature range. They must be capable of sealing out noise, wind and water, while providing long-term ultraviolet light resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for esterifying and/or transesterifying a polymer having a polyethylenic backbone and pendant acid and/or ester moieties comprising contacting a melt of the polymer with a transesterifying compound so that the polymer undergoes esterification and/or transesterification but not alcoholysis. The esterified or transesterified polymer also has pendant ester moieties which differ in kind and/or number from the unreacted polymer. In one embodiment, the process also comprises adding an amount of a transition metal salt that is effective to promote oxygen scavenging. Also in a further embodiment, the process comprises irradiating the transesterified polymer with actinic radiation to reduce the induction period before oxygen scavenging commences. Also disclosed are compositions comprising a component which comprises an ethylenic or polyethylenic backbone and a pendant or terminal moiety comprising a benzylic, allylic, or ether-containing radical.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the formation of highly anionic hydroxamic acid polymers whereby (meth) acrylic acid polymers are esterified in aqueous solution to poly (meth) acrylates. The resultant polymers are then reacted with an hydroxylamine to produce hydroxamated (meth) acrylic acid containing polymers. The esterified polymers, their hydroxamated derivatives and their use to flocculate Bayer Process streams are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns new, liquid compositions, stable in storage at room temperature, based on polymers containing acid anhydride groups as a binder, said compositions crosslinking under the action of heat and characterized by containing dispersed, solid, powdered, anhydride reactive crosslinker which, through the application of heat, can crosslink the binder containing anhydride groups under solidification. The features of these compositions are their low toxicity, low crosslinking temperatures and good mechanical strength of the crosslinked product. The invention also concerns a method of their manufacture and their use as heat curing coatings, potting compounds, sealants and adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of several biomimetically important polymer-supported, sulfonated catechol (PS-CATS), sulfonated bis-catechol linear amide (PS-2-6-LICAMS) and sulfonated 3,3-linear tris-catechol amide (PS-3,3-LICAMS) ligands, which chemically bond to modified 6% crosslinked macroporous polystyrene-divinylbenzene beads (PS-DVB). These polymers are useful for the for selective removal and recovery of environmentally and economically important metal ions from aqueous solution, as a function of pH. The Fe.sup.3+ ion selectivity shown for PS-CATS, PS-2-6-LICAMS, and PS-3,3-LICAMS polymer beads in competition with a similar concentration of Cu.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Mn.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Al.sup.3+, and Cr.sup.3+ ions at pH 1-3. Further, the metal ion selectivity is changed at higher pH values in the absence of Fe.sup.3+ (for example, Hg.sup.2+ at pH 3). The rates of selective removal and recovery of the trivalent metal ions, e.g. Fe.sup.3+ Al.sup.3+ ion etc.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, aryl or substituted aryl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer having units of Formula II: ##STR1## wherein M is H, alkali metal, anmonium cation, or a mixture thereof;N is OM or a mixture of OM, OR, and NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 in a molar ratio of (OM):(OR):(NR.sub.1 R.sub.2) of ?1-(e+f)!:e:f, wherein e and f are each independently 0 to 0.5, provided that (e+f) is less than 0.8;R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are each independently H or a branched or straight chain C.sub.1-20 alkyl;Y is a C.sub.2-10 alkyl, C.sub.6-12 aryl, or C.sub.4-12 alkoxy;X is a fluorinated thiol radical;Z is H; andv and w are each a positive number such that the molar ratio of v to w is from about 0.4:1 to about 1.3:1 is disclosed.

Abstract: Novel terpolymers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of a high molecular weight olefin, such as polybutene or polypropylene, with an unsaturated acid reactant, such as maleic anhydride and a di-or polyunsaturated reactant. The terpolymers are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and are also used to prepared polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A surfactant characterised by a plurality of addition-copolymer chains, on each chain an average of at least 0.5 chemisorptive groups and at least one monovalent polyether residue; and between the chains at least one divalent polyether residue, a method of making it, a dispersion containing the surfactant and a dispersed solid, a polymer composition that comprises the surfactant and a plasticiser, a method for making the dispersion, a dispersible soild comprising the surfactant, and a product coated with material comrpising the discontinuous phase of the dispersion.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated and functionalized. The dispersant substances include compositions including a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes, a copolymer of a p-alkylstyrene and a conjugated diene, or a homopolymer of a conjugated diene. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: A binder polymer is a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer in which the maleic anhydride residues are mono-esterified to between about 50 and about 65 mole percent of an alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, or arylalkyl alcohol having a molecular weight greater than 100, to between about 15 and about 50 mole percent of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl alcohol, and to at least about 80 mole percent total. The polymer has between about 45 and about 65 mole percent styrene residues and between about 35 and about 55 mole percent maleic anhydride residues, a weight average molecular weight of between about 80,000 and about 200,000, and an acid number of between about 170 and about 220.

Abstract: A process for production of a powder coating comprising: copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a (meth)acrylate monomer having branched or cyclic substituents of four or more carbon atoms in its side chain and a (meth)acrylate monomer having functional groups to form a thermosetting vinyl copolymer (a) having a glass transition temperature of approximately 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. and a number average molecular weight of approximately 1,000 to 10,000; dissolving or dispersing said copolymer (a) and a crosslinking agent (b) in a solvent comprising approximately at least 50% by weight based on the weight of the solvent, of tert-butanol, to form a resulting coating solution having a melting point of not less than approximately -30.degree. C.; and lyophilizing said coating solution under a pressure not higher than approximately 50 mmHg.

Abstract: This invention provides a curable fluoroelastomer composition comprising: (A) a fluorine-containing polymer or a blend of fluorine-containing polymers each comprising interpolymerized units derived from one or more fluorine-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers; (B) an aromatic polyhydroxy crosslinking agent; (C) at least one organo-onium compound; and (D) a monohydroxyfunctional phenol. The compositions provide for a method of improving scorch safety of curable fluoroelastomer compositions.

Abstract: An aqueous chromium-free coating preparation for the protection of a metal substrate against corrosion and attack by moisture comprises an acrylic acid or derivative thereof as binder and also a crosslinking system which comprises at least one hydroxide of a divalent metal ion and an amine compound. The acrylic acid:crosslinking system ratio is generally 1.5-4:2-4. The crosslinking system may comprise other monofunctional or polyfunctional compounds. Various constituents of the crosslinking system can be interchanged within certain margins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functionalized styrenic polymer or copolymer which contains functionalized stryene moiety having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, primary and secondary halo alkyl groups, and R.sub.2 is: ##STR2## where n is an integer of from 2 to about 10, R.sub.3 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group and X is NH, O or S. The novel copolymers of the present invention have particular utility in forming polymer blends. For example, the amine and alcohol functionalized polymers can be used as compatabilizers by reacting them with a carboxylic acid containing polymer or the like.

Abstract: Polymers comprising reversible hydrophobic functionalities are disclosed. The preferred embodiment polymers comprise Lewis acid segments and Lewis base segments. The polymer segments are, by themselves, hydrophilic and will either swell or dissolve in water. When the segments are incorporated into a polymer according to the present invention, the segments form water-insoluble or hydrophobic complexes. Upon changes in pH, temperature or solvent type, these complexes may dissociate, giving large transitions in polymer viscosity, emulsification ability, mechanical strength or transport properties. These polymers are useful as reversible emulsifiers which form stable emulsions at acidic pH and unstable emulsions at basic pH, as water-borne thickeners having low viscosity at low pH and high viscosity at high pH, as superabsorbing resins, or as coatings for pharmaceutical or agricultural agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for esterifying and/or transesterifying a polymer having a polyethylenic backbone and pendant acid and/or ester moieties comprising contacting a melt of the polymer with a transesterifying compound so that the polymer undergoes esterification and/or transesterification but not alcoholysis. The esterified or transesterified polymer also has pendant ester moieties which differ in kind and/or number from the unreacted polymer. In one embodiment, the process also comprises adding an amount of a transition metal salt that is effective to promote oxygen scavenging. Also in a further embodiment, the process comprises irradiating the transesterified polymer with actinic radiation to reduce the induction period before oxygen scavenging commences. Also disclosed are compositions comprising a component which comprises an ethylenic or polyethylenic backbone and a pendant or terminal moiety comprising a benzylic, allylic, or ether-containing radical.

Abstract: This invention relates to difunctional telechelic linear non-crosslinked polyolefins without pendant chain branched groups. The polyolefin compounds of this invention are useful for preparing high molecular weight polyesters, polyamides, polyureas and polyurethanes of high density without branching of the polymer chains, and with low permeability to gases and solvents.