Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl butyral sheet containing epoxy resin in amount effective, after prolonged exposure to light, to counteract reduction of adhesion between the sheet and a photoreactive component with which it will be in potential contact. The photoreactive component is typically a dielectric such as a metal oxide layer of a heat-wave-reflective or electrically conductive multi-layer coating, which coating can optionally be supported on (a) a thermoplastic substrate sandwiched between two of such polyvinyl butyral sheets forming a prelaminate for use as a constituent of a laminated glazing panel or (b) a glass sheet component of such glazing panel.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel cross-linked polyaniline derivative soluble or capable of swelling in general organic solvents, which forms an elastic self-standing film or fibers. The polyaniline derivative substantially comprises a polyaniline having number average molecular weight in a range of from 2,000 to 500,000 represented by the following formula (I) as the main polymer chain, ##STR1## wherein m and n are 0 or an integer of at least 1, m/(m+n)=0-1, and m+n=10-5,000, and cross-linking units represented by the following formula (II) ##STR2## wherein X is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, a divalent polysiloxane group or a group derived therefrom, or a divalent group derived from a compound having 2 or more repeating structural units, y.sup.1 and y.sup.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel cross-linked polyaniline derivative soluble or capable of swelling in general organic solvents, which forms an elastic self-standing film or fibers. The polyaniline derivative substantially comprises a polyaniline having number average molecular weight in a range of from 2,000 to 500,000 represented by the following formula (I) as the main polymer chain, ##STR1## wherein m and n are 0 or an integer of at least 1, m/(m+n)=0-1, and m+n=10-5,000, and cross-linking units represented by the following formula (II) ##STR2## wherein X is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, a divalent polysiloxane group or a group derived therefrom, or a divalent group derived from a compound having 2 or more repeating structural units, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed are a lactone-modified polyvinyl alcohol and a process for the preparation thereof, a polymer composition, a permanently anti-electrostatic resin composition, a lactone-modified resin having hydroxyl groups, and a process for the preparation thereof.The lactone-modified polyvinyl alcohol can be used in wide fields owing to capability of freely adjusting a water solubility such as water-soluble, gradually water-soluble, low water-soluble, and water-insoluble by a degree modified by lactone compounds, and owing to possessing both properties in PVA and lactones.Furthermore, the lactone-modified polyvinyl alcohol has a property as plasticizers or softening agents, as a result, there can be provided a polymer composition having an excellent property by mixing with hydrophilic polymer or polar polymer.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to novel branched chain hydroxy terminated aliphatic azido polymers and copolymers, and to a single step process for their production. The properties of the materials are preferably adjusted through the incorporation of suitable polyols which can provide additional branching of the materials.

Abstract: A creping adhesive containing about 1% to about 25% polyoxazoline by weight, which imparts softness and resistance to bleaching, to a cellulosic web, and methods of using same are provided.

Abstract: A water based coating composition provides a stain resistant layer which adheres well to a substrate and is resistant to chemical attack by common household cleaning solvents such as isopropyl alcohol. The coating composition has a very low volatile organic compound content, thus providing an environmentally desirable alternative to organic solvent based coatings. The low volatile organic compound content of the composition substantially or completely eliminates the problems and expenses associated with solvent recovery for meeting chemical emission standards, and the potential for human exposure to solvent vapor is substantially eliminated or significantly reduced. The coating composition is aqueous based and incorporates a crosslinkable acrylic polymer latex, an amino resin crosslinking agent and a crosslinking catalyst. The polymer, crosslinking agent and catalyst are dispersed and/or solubilized in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of mouldings, especially contact lenses, in which a soluble prepolymer comprising crosslinkable groups is cross-linked in solution, and also to mouldings, especially contact lenses, obtainable in accordance with that process. The present invention relates also to novel prepolymers that can be used in the process according to the invention, especially derivatives of a polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of at least about 2000 that, based on the number of hydroxy groups of the polyvinyl alcohol, comprise from approximately 0.5 to approximately 80% of units of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkylene having up to 8 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl andR.sup.

Abstract: Graft polyvinyl acetals having acetal groups from etherified .omega.-hydroxy(poly)alkoxyalkanals, processes for their preparation and their usePolymeric acetals of polyvinyl alcohols grafted onto polyalkylene oxide graft bases or onto polyurethane graft bases, which contain acetal groups from etherified .omega.-hydroxy(poly)alkoxyalkanals of the formula (I), and processes for their preparation by acetalization of corresponding graft polyvinyl alcohols are described.The polymeric acetals according to the invention are polymers which are plasticized internally and in general obtainable in solid form and which can be processed to films, shaped articles or coatings by thermoplastic methods without external plasticizers. Mixed acetals with other aldehydes can also be prepared and allow wide variants in the properties, inter alia the solubilities in water or in organic solvents.

Abstract: A novel lactone-modified polyvinyl acetal resin and a novel carboxyl-modified resin thereof are disclosed.The novel resins of the present invention can be used as a polyol resin for coatings curable at ordinary temperatures or heating, adhesives, binders, a processing agent for fibers, a curable resin composition by mixing with a curing agent which can react to hydroxyl groups, and a composition for a magnetic recording medium, etc.The novel resins of the present invention have graft chains containing primary hydroxyl groups bonded to the ester group derived from a lactone compound, or the primary hydroxyl groups and carboxylic groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement composition containing a water reducing amount of the product formed by reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and an hydroxyaldehyde such as 4-hydroxybutanal.

Abstract: Preparation of polyvinyl acetals which can form emulsifier- and surfactant-free aqueous dispersions and redispersible dry powders and contain copolymeric polyvinyl acetals with, in amounts sufficient to form a dispersion, comonomer units carrying sulfo salt groups which are derived from copolymeric polyvinyl alcohol (PVALs) which contained comonomer units carrying sulfonate groups in the salt form. The preparation is carried out by acetalization of the starting polyvinyl alcohols to be used with aldehydes or aldehyde acetals under acid-catalyzed acetalization conditions in an aqueous medium, emulsifier-free stable aqueous polyvinyl acetal dispersions being obtained, from which dry redispersible polyvinyl acetal powders can be obtained by spray drying or freeze drying. The polyvinyl acetals according to the invention can be plasticized by mixing in plasticizers both in their aqueous dispersion form and in the dry powder form.

Abstract: A nonwoven surface treating article suitable for treating surfaces while emitting little formaldehyde includes an open, lofty, three-dimensional nonwoven web of a plurality of thermoplastic organic fibers a bound together at places where they contact by a binder, binder comprising 1) a copolymer of an acrylate monomer and an acrylamide monomer, 2) the crosslinked reaction product of a polyol and a melamine crosslinking agent, and 3) the reaction product of a urea derivative and formaldehyde.

Abstract: This invention relates to water dispersible polymeric films, to processes for the film preparation and materials for use in forming the water dispersible polymeric films.

Abstract: Unique hot-melt adhesive compositions that irreversibly crosslink in a few days in the presence of atmospheric moisture comprise a polyisocyanated EVA terpolymer having a melt index at 190.degree. C. ranging from 100 to 1,000, such polyisocyanated terpolymer comprising (1) from 60% to 90% by weight of ethylene, (2) from 10% to 40% by weight of vinyl acetate and (3) from 5 to 60 meq. OH of an ethylenically unsaturated termonomer bearing at least one primary hydroxyl functional group per mole, and the composition being essentially devoid of free hydroxyl functional groups.

Abstract: The invention provides an oxyalkylene group-containing PVA resin composition with an alkali metal acetate content of 0.001.about.1 weight % and an oxyalkylene group-containing PVA resin composition with an alkali metal acetate content of 0.001.about.1 weight %, which further contains 0.1.about.10 moles of an acid with a pKa value of not more than 5.0 per mole of the alkali metal acetate, optionally together with 0.01.about.5 weight of a phenol compound which melts at 50.degree..about.250.degree. C., a thioether or a phosphite based on the polyvinyl alcohol and/or 0.01.about.3 weight % of a fatty acid compound based on the polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Polymeric powder coating compositions featuring improved physical properties including improved impact strength, improved adhesivity and other properties is provided by a polymeric powder coating composition which comprises: (a) polymeric powder coating resin, (b) at least one low molecular weight ethylene copolymer having a degree of saponification of at least 25%, (c) a further constituent selected from the group consisting of catalyzing agents, flow control agents, coloring agents, fillers, processing aids, wherein the weight ratio of (b) to (a) is preferably in the range of 0.01%-20% to 99.99%-80%. The powder coating composition may be applied to articles using conventional techniques. Processes for producing the polymeric powder coating compostiions, and articles comprising the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A plasticized polymer molding that includes a plasticizer and polyvinyl butyral is disclosed. The polyvinyl butyral includes comonomer units carrying sulfonate groups in the main polymer chain of the polyvinyl butyral. The molding is useful as intermediate films in laminated glass sheets.

Abstract: Reworkable adhesive that has a high shear strength through a range of use temperatures but which has a low strength and is reworkable at a suitable processing temperature.

Abstract: Thermosettable composition suitable for the production of endless objects without the use of continuous carrier material, whereby the composition comprises an epoxy resin or an unsaturated polyester and a high molecular weight thermoplastic polymer which has a weight-average molecular weight of at least 1,000,000 g/mol in an amount to make the composition spinnable, the amount ranging from at least 0.1% where the polymer has a molecular weight of 5,000,000 g/mol or more or less than 2% where the polymer has the weight-average molecular weight of 1,000,000 g/mol, the amount decreasing as the weight-average molecular weight increases.

Abstract: A woodworking adhesive composition prepared by a two stage emulsion polymerization procedure wherein the first stage comprises the step of emulsion polymerizing vinyl acetate with 0.1 to 6% by weight of a post-crosslinking monomer in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol to produce a polyvinyl alcohol stabilized copolymer having a Tg within the range of +10.degree. to +40.degree. C. and containing no pre-crosslinking monomers and the second stage comprises the step of emulsion polymerizing methyl methacrylate to produce a methyl methacrylate homo- or copolymer containing at least 75% by weight methyl methacrylate and having a Tg within the range of +50.degree. to +120.degree. C., further characterized in that the ratio of the polymer produced in the first stage to the polymer produced in the second stage is within the range of 10:1 to 10:6 and wherein the first stage polymer and second stage monomer mixture are not equilibrated prior to the second stage polymerization.

Abstract: Water resistant emulsions for woodworking adhesives may be prepared using an emulsion polymer, the polymer being prepared in the presence of 1 to 2.5% by weight of 88% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol and 1 to 4% by weight of 95-99.5% (or above) hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Coatings of hydrophilic organic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol are grafted to substrates formed from hydrophobic organic polymers and polyorganosiloxanes by exposing the surface of the substrate to an aqueous solution of the hydrophilic poller in the presence of a solubilized compound of tetravalent cerium that preferably contains hydroxyl or amino groups as ligands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing N.sup.6 -substituted NAD, NADP or FAD by Dimroth rearrangement, wherein the rearrangement is carried out without preceding reduction and subsequent reoxidation.

Abstract: Polymer alloys that can facilely be shaped into gas barrier, crack-resistant packaging materials, e.g., by thermoforming, include an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer matrix, a polypropylene disperse phase and a phase-compatibilizing amount of an .alpha.-monoolefin graft copolymer.

Abstract: A novel graft copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of about 1,500 to about 1,000,000, produced by graft-copolymerizing an alkylene oxide and a cyclic ester to a saponified ethylene-saturated carboxylic acid vinyl ester copolymer; a process for production thereof; and a plasticizer comprising said graft copolymer as the active component.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins based on 4-hydroxybutanal are disclosed. Laminar structures that include the resins, a process for making the resins, and a process for making an internally plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin by esterification, are also revealed.

Abstract: A sizing agent for paper, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol (component A) and from 1 to 20 parts by weight of a compound (component B provided with the following requisites (1) to (4):(1) the backbone chain is a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, (2) in the backbone chain, the proportion of oxyethylene units is from 20 to 40% by weight, and the proportion of oxypropylene units is from 60 to 80% by weight, (3) of the two terminals, one terminal is a hydroxyl group, and the other terminal is a C.sub.1-10 alkoxyl group or a hydroxyl group, and (4) the weight average molecular weight is from 600 to 1,200.

Abstract: Polymers containing a high percentage of vinyl alcohol units, especially when treated to remove impurities, when blended with copolymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates, N-vinyllactams or N-vinylamides, and unsaturated acids, preferably further with a small amount of plasticizer, may be applied as hot melt adhesives to paper, wood, and other cellulosic articles.

Abstract: Polymers containing a high percentage of vinyl alcohol units, when treated with acid to remove impurities, may be blended with low levels of copolymers of alkyl methacrylates and N-vinyllactams or N-vinylamides, optionally containing copolymerized acid, and processed into sheet, film, fiber and other objects which exhibit a useful balance of barrier and strength properties.

Abstract: Polymers containing a high percentage of vinyl alcohol units, especially when treated to remove impurities, when blended with copolymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates, N-vinyllactams or N-vinylamides, and unsaturated acids, preferably further with a small amount of plasticizer, may be applied as hot melt adhesives to paper, wood, and other cellulosic articles.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound having the structure ##STR1## which comprises heating under acidic conditions a polyvinyl alcohol and a compound of the structure ##STR2## is a polyvinyl acetal, n is an integer from 1 to 6,R is hydrogen or alkyl,m is an integer from 1 to 6,X is an anion, ##STR3## is a divalent radical having the structure ##STR4## Y is a monovalent radical having the structure ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted alkoxy, carboxy, carboxy ester, amino, substituted amino, amido, substituted amido, cyano, hydroxy, nitro, isocyanato, sulphonyl halide, sulphonic acid and halide, and may be the same or different, or R.sub.1 taken together with R.sub.2 is methylene-dioxy, and A is a formyl or acetal group.

Abstract: A surfactantless, formaldehyde-free polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer binder emulsion for non-woven products is prepared comprising: 12% to 35% of a fully hydrolyzed low or ultra low molecular weight PVOH and 65% to 88% of a vinyl and/or acrylic monomer which is graft copolymerized with the PVOH through emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: In a melt extrudable polyvinyl alcohol composition consisting essentially of polyvinyl alcohol and plasticizer, which has been made melt extrudable by adding sufficient energy to the polyvinyl alcohol to both melt and substantially eliminate the crystallinity in the melt while simultaneously removing energy from the melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the polyvinyl alcohol, the improvement which comprises 5 to 25 wt % poly(butylene terephthalate)-polytetrahydrofuran block copolymer for improved impact resistance.

Abstract: A fiber comprising a vinyl alcohol units-containing polymer, said polymer being modified at the oxygen atoms of its alcoholic hydroxyl groups with a group represented by the following formula I ##STR1## wherein M represents a chelate-forming metal atom and R represents an alkyl group. The fiber has excellent resistance to hot water and wet heat and does not stick, adhere or shrink even when dyed at high temperatures or treated by steam ironing, thus proving to be of markedly high commercial value.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins based on 4-hydroxybutanal are disclosed. Laminar structures that include the resins, a process for making the resins, and a process for making an internally plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin by esterification, are also revealed.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol esterified by lactic is produced by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and lactic acid in water, and removing the water by volatilization at a temperature of 75.degree. C. to 175.degree. C. The lactic acid esterified polyvinyl alcohol is useful as a molding resin, and in films, fibers and adhesives.

Abstract: Novel crosslinkable hot-melt adhesive compositions, curable by atmospheric moisture, include (i) the prepolymerizate of an hydroxylated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate, e.g., a diisocyanate, such prepolymerizate containing an effective crosslinkable amount of free isocyanate functional groups, and, optionally, (ii) an adhesive tackifying resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polymers containing amino groups, wherein OH-functional polymers are reacted with aminourethanes of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, aryl,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and have the same meaning as R, and in addition cyanoethyl, or together with the N atom represent a 5- or 6-membered ring, optionally with a further N or O atom, and n is an integer from 0 to 12.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polymers containing ammonium groups in which OH-functional polymers are first reacted with isocyanates corresponding to general formula IOCN--R--CH.sub.2 --X Iin which R represents C.sub.2-11 alkylene or arylene and X represents halogen, to form urethanes and the urethanes are subsequently reacted with tertiary aliphatic amines corresponding to formula II ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 may be the same or different.

Abstract: A melt process for forming fibers from blends of polymers containing a high percentage of vinyl alcohol units with terpolymers of alkyl methacrylates, unsaturated acids, anhydrides or glycidyl-containing esters, and N-vinyllactams or N-vinylamides is described.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for a vinyl halide resin is disclosed. This adhesive composition is formed by incorporating an aliphatic polyamine having a plurality or ether bonds, an alicyclic polyamine or an alkylene diamine into a blend of an epoxy resin and a vinyl chloride copolymer resin. This adhesive composition is effectively used in the solvent-free state for a molded body of a vinyl halide type resin such as a vinyl chloride resin or a vinylidene halide resin.

Abstract: Fibers composed of a vinyl alcohol unit-containing polymer, or composite fibers, yarns or fiber products composed of the phase of the vinyl alcohol unit-containing polymer and the other fiber-forming polymer phase are acetalized with at least one of aldehyde compounds represented by the formulas,OHC--CH.sub.2 --C(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)--COOBandOCH--C(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)--COOBwherein B is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, independently from each other, denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl groups,and a carboxyl group is then converted into a salt to form fibers, yarns or fiber products having high moisture absorption and high water absorption.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of polymeric polyols, which comprises the steps of:partially or completely saponifying a heterogeous two-phase mixture of (a) a heated molten liquid containing an ethylene-saturated carboxylic acid vinyl ester copolymer having a number average molecular weight of from 800 to 5000 and a saturated carboxylic acid vinyl ester content of from 1 to 50% by weight, and (b) an aliphatic alcohol, in the presence of an alkali catalyst, while removing a saturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester byproduct from the reaction system;then removing the residual aliphatic alcohol from the reaction system; andsupplying an alkylene oxide to effect an alkylene oxide-addition reaction, optionally after further supplying the alkali catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a blend comprising about 5 to about 95 percent by weight of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and about 95 to about 5 percent by weight of an amorphous nylon polyamide copolymer having a glass transition temperature in the range of about 30 to 100.degree. C. The polyamide forms separate domains when blended with the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. Such a structure has been found to surprisingly provide a composition capable of stretching at temperatures less than about 110.degree. C. without incurring problems known in the art.

Abstract: A polymer composition in the form of an alloy is disclosed, having hydrophilic and anti-fogging properties. The polymer alloy can be used as a coating, as an unsupported film or as a substrate having the desired anti-fogging properties.The composition can be used where hydrophilic properties are desired. Surfaces coated with the composition described herein are more readily wetted by water or aqueous fluids, and may have a coefficient of friction of 0.10 or less when in contact with water.The preferred composition contains a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble polyvinyl pyrollidone polymer in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 1:10.A crosslinking agent comprised of a melamine, a mineral acid or a strong organic acid is included.The composition is preferably applied to a substrate, such as a lens, and cured to form the coating.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive material suitable for the production of radiation sensitive plates for lithographic printing plate manufacture comprises a polymer having appendent azide-substituted aromatic ester groups and sulphonyl urethane groups. The radiation sensitive compound is produced by a process in which some hydroxyl and/or epoxide groups of a polymer are reacted with an azide substituted carboxylic acid or ester forming derivative thereof, and some hydroxyl groups are reacted with a sulphonyl isocyanate.

Abstract: A graft copolymer comprising a stock vinyl polymer comprised of vinyl acetal and vinyl alcohol units and grafted with an organopolysiloxane is described. A coating composition comprising the graft copolymer is also provided.

Abstract: Gel coating of thermoplastic particles, such as polyimide particles, with a polyketone or polyvinyl alcohol gel, and applying the gel coated particles to reinforcement, e.g. carbon, fibers to form a pre-preg. Such gel coated thermoplastic particles can be mixed with a thermosetting resin to form a pre-preg, which can be cured at elevated temperatures to form a composite having damage tolerance characteristics. The gel coating is applied to the thermoplastic particles by contacting such particles with a polymerizable material such as acetone in a weakly acidic solution to cause the acetone to undergo tautomerism, and in the presence of a polymerization promoter or catalyst, preferably certain anionic surfactants such as sulfated ammonium salts, to convert the tautomer to polyacetone gel of low molecular weight, which coats or encapsulates the thermoplastic particles.

Abstract: A sizing agent for paper, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol (component A) and from 1 to 20 parts by weight of a compound (component B) provided with the following requisites (1) to (4): (1) the backbone chain is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, (2) in the backbone chain, the proportion of oxyethylene units is from 20 to 40% by weight, and the proportion of oxypropylene units is from 60 to 80% by weight, (3) of the two terminals, one terminal is a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom of an oxyethylene unit or an oxypropylene unit, and the other terminal is a C.sub.1-10 alkoxyl group or a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom of an oxyethylene unit or an oxypropylene unit, and (4) the weight average molecular weight is from 600 to 1,200.