Abstract: A solid state process for modifying polyvinyl alcohol using a Michael-type addition wherein dry polyvinyl alcohol powder is sprayed with a solution of a monomer capable of Michael-type addition in an amount sufficient to swell the polyvinyl alcohol or maintain its swollen state, but not dissolve or form a slurry of the polyvinyl alcohol. The swollen polyvinyl alcohol is sprayed with a catalyst and the temperature is raised to initiate the reaction between the polyvinyl alcohol and the monomer.

Abstract: A vinyl alcohol copolymer having a terminal amino group and comprising 1-90 mol % of vinyl alcohol units and 10-90 mol % vinyl monomers selected from the group consisting of olefins, acrylamides, methacrylamides, vinyl ethers, nitriles, vinyl halides, and vinylidene halides, said copolymer having at least one terminal amino group is useful for preparing resin compositions having good gas barrier properties.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polyvinyl butyral having improved properties comprises subjecting a polyvinyl alcohol in an aqueous medium in the presence of butyraldehyde and an acid catalyst and ethoxylated alkylphenol sulfate having the formulaC.sub.9 H.sub.19 --[O]C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --O--[]](CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--[]]).sub.n SO.sub.3 Nawhere n=6 or n=7 effective as an emulsifier, neutralizing the reaction mixture to a pH of between 9 and 11, and thereafter recovering the polyvinyl butyral by separating it from the reaction liquor and thoroughly washing it with water.

Abstract: A modified polyvinyl alcohol and a solid state process for producing modified polyvinyl alcohol wherein polyvinyl alcohol powder is sprayed with a sufficient amount of a solution of a polymerizable monomer to swell the polyvinyl alcohol powder but not dissolve it or form a slurry. The swollen polyvinyl alcohol powder is sprayed with a free radical source (an initiator) and the temperature is raised to initiate a reaction between polyvinyl alcohol and the polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: Novel crosslinkable hot-melt adhesive compositions, curable by atmospheric moisture, include (i) the prepolymerizate of an hydroxylated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate, e.g., a diisocyanate, such prepolymerizate containing an effective crosslinkable amount of free isocyanate functional groups, and, optionally, (ii) an adhesive tackifying resin.

Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer compositions useful as adhesives, vibration-damping compositions or coating compositions which comprises a saponification product or a grafted saponification product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and at least one aliphatic or aromatic polycarboxylic acid or anhydrides thereof.

Abstract: Vinyl acetate and an N-vinyl formamide are copolymerized to yield poly(vinyl acetate)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) which is base hydrolyzed to poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide). Two phase hydrolysis of particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) as a slurry in methanol yields particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinylamine).provided is a copolymer of the following general formula ##STR1## where m is 0 to 15 mole %. n is 50 to 99 mole %.x is 0 to 30 mole %. andy is 1 to 50 mole % .

Abstract: Polypropylene resins are improved in mechanical properties and in rigidity without loss in thermal processability when blended with polyphthalamide resins together with a minor amount of a carboxylated polyolefin compatibilizing aid. Filled compositions, including glass-filled polypropylenes are similarly benefited when blended with a polyphthalamide and a carboxylated polyolefin compatibilizing aid.

Abstract: Fluid coating materials such as paints, ink pastes, personal care creams and the like having a water-base are thickened with an associative thickener which is a vinylamine polymer having a weight average molecular weight above 10.sup.5 and which has been modified by reaction with at least 0.2 mer percent of a linear monoaldehyde having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. A hydrolyzed polymer of N-vinylformamide which has been hydrophobically modified with an aldehyde such as dodecaldehyde, exhibits associative thickening characteristics and is useful in thickening water-based formulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to toughened ethylene vinyl alcohol ("EVOH") compositions having improved melt processing stability. More specifically, the EVOH compositions comprise anhydride-modified polyolefin toughening resin and a stabilizer system comprising a basic inorganic compound. In the preferred embodiment, the toughening resin and basic inorganic compound are melt blended in a first step and later melt blended with the EVOH composition in a second step.

Abstract: A solid surface having anionic groups capable of reacting with a polyethylene imine substituted at least in part by at least 50% by weight of a hydrophilic nonionic polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 400 to about 200,000 is provided with a hydrophilic biopolymer-repellent outer surface layer thereof by reacting such a polyethylene imine substituted by nonionic hydrophilic polymer with anionic groups on the solid surface, in an amount sufficient to produce biopolymer-repellent solid surface, and accordingly having low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: Process for producing ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers using a polymerization solvent of a dialkyl sulfoxide (process X); process for producing ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer by liquid phase saponification using a solvent of a dialkyl sulfoxide (process Y); and process for producing shaped articles which comprises contacting the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer obtained by the process Y, or that obtained by saponifying the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer obtained by process X, to a non-solvent for ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.Ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers having a wide range of ethylene content and higher degree of polymerization than that with solution polymerization using methanol.The rate of saponification is higher than that with single solvent system of lower alcohol.Production cost is low, because production process of polymer is directly connected to that of shaped articles utilizing the polymer.

Abstract: Provided are high-performance polyvinyl alcohol fibers having excellent resistances to hot water and dry heat as well as excellent strength and elastic modulus. The fibers are produced from a highly syndiotactic polyvinyl alcohol containing units from vinyl pivalate in an appropriate amount, which renders it possible to draw the highly crystalline fiber in a high drawing ratio of at least 16.

Abstract: Acetals of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) which contain vinyl oxoacetal units of the formula I which are derived from aldehydes containing keto groups (oxoalkanals) and can be crosslinked with hydrazine or polyfunctional hydrazine derivatives or polyfunctional carboxylic acid hydrazides via their keto groups to give high molecular weight products having a variable spectrum of properties are described. Mixed acetals with aldehydes which contain no keto groups can also be prepared and can be crosslinked via the keto groups of the vinyl oxoacetal units. Products which are obtained from PVALs and oxoalkanals or low molecular weight acetals of the oxoalkanals and contain vinyl oxoacetal units are preferably prepared in aqueous or organic media under acid catalysis.

Abstract: At least an outer layer of a plastic container is formed of a blend including an ethylene-propylene block copolymer containing 3 to 10% by weight, particularly 5 to 9% by weight of ethylene and a melt flow rate of 0.8 to 10 g/10 min. and a polyethylene having a given density at a weight ratio of 9:1 to 5:5. A plastic container made of an olefin resin having a frosted or matted appearance can be manufactured with excellent moldability without requiring any special working such as sand blasting the cavity surface of a mold. The container will gives an impression of shade off, depth and high grade.

Abstract: The surface of lapideous materials, marble, sandstone, tiles, cement conglomerates and articles and structures manufactured therefrom are consolidated and protected against atmospherical and polluting agents by superficially applicating a mix composed of:a) a vinylidene fluoride elastomeric copolymer comprising 55-85% by mols of vinylidene fluoride, 15-45% by mols of hexafluoropropene and 0-30% by mols of tetrafluoroethylene;b) polytetrafluoroethylene or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene containing up to 12% by mols of other perfluorinated monomers.

Abstract: A liquid-absorbent composition comprising (a) a polymeric matrix component comprising crosslinked silanol moieties, and (b) a liquid-absorbent component comprising a water-absorbent polymer, preferably a water-soluble polymer. This composition is capable of forming liquid-absorbent, semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks, which are capable of absorbing significant quantities of those liquids that are solvents for the uncrosslinked portion of the network without loss of physical integrity and without leaching or other forms of phase separation. The compositions of this invention provides polymeric matrices which result in transparent coatings capable of providing improved combinations of ink absorption and durability, while at the same time retaining transparency and being amenable to the types of processing commonly used in producing transparent graphical materials.

Abstract: A process comprising the direct addition of a halogenated carboxylic acid to an olefin-containing compound is disclosed, as well as the resulting adduct and saponified adduct.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyethylene co- or ter-polymers that are cross-linkable. The polymers contain unsaturated acrylate bonds as a result of which the polymer can be efficiently cross-linked by ionizing radiation or chemically by means of peroxides.

Abstract: A blend of 5 to 95 percent of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and 95 to 5 percent of an amorphous polyamide having fewer than about 0.100 equivalents of carboxyl end groups per kilogram of polyamide exhibits improved oxidative and thermal stability. The blend is useful for preparing films and multiple layered structures including thermoformed structures and oriented shrink films.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a crosslinkable paint binder by working up a solution of a fluorine-containing copolymer composed of copolymerized units of a perfluoroolefin, a vinyl ester of a short-chain, saponifiable carboxylic acid and a vinyl ester of a strongly branched carboxylic acid which resists saponification. In this process, the bulk of the solvent and the residual monomers are first removed by distillation, the residual highly viscous copolymer is then dissolved in a mixture of alkanol and another solvent which is also capable of dissolving the saponified copolymer to form a homogeneous solution, and the alkaline saponification is subsequently carried out. If desired, the solvent is removed and exchanged for a paint solvent and this solution is finally filtered. A mild saponification is achieved in this manner.

Abstract: A radical-curing polyvinyl alcohol derivative is disclosed, which is obtained by reacting an anion-modified polyvinyl alcohol prepared by saponification of a copolymer comprising vinyl acetate and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof with a glycidyl-containing vinyl compound in water or in a mixed solvent of water and a lower alcohol under acidic conditions, and which is useful as an image-forming material which is curable upon light irradiation and developable with water.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising a saponified product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an ethylene content of 20 to 80 mol % and a saponification degree of vinyl acetate component of at least 95 mol %, said composition containing 20 to 200 ppm as converted to alkali metal of an alkali metal acetate, 30 to 250 ppm of acetic acid, and 5 to 500 ppm as converted to phosphate ion of phosphoric acid or an alkali metal hydrogenphosphate, and having a content ratio of acetic acid/alkali metal acetate of 0.1 to 1 and the flow characteristic that the extrusion rate does not substantially increase for at least 10 hours in the relationship between the heating time and the extrusion rate with a capillary rheometer (Koka Flow Tester) at at least one temperature 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. above the melting point.

Abstract: Vinyl acetate and an N-vinyl formamide are copolymerized to yield poly(vinyl acetate)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) which is base hydrolyzed to poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide). Two phase hydrolysis of particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide) as a slurry in methanol yields particles of poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinylamine).Provided is a copolymer of the following general formula ##STR1## where m is 0 to 15 mole %,n is 50 to 99 mole %, x is 0 to 30 mole %, and y is 1 to 50 mole %.

Abstract: A crosslinkable, fluorine-containing copolymer is described which comprisesa) from 10 to 60 mol-% of copolymerized units of a vinyl ester of a highly branched carboxylic acid whose acyl radical has 9 carbon atoms and comprises isomers containing two quaternary carbon atoms to which from 0 to 80 mol-% of isomers containing one quaternary carbon atom together with at least one tertiary carbon atom in the acyl radical are admixed,b) from 20 to 50 mol-% of copolymerized units of a vinyl ester of a short-chain carboxylic acid, where from 50 to 100% of the copolymerized units of this vinyl ester b) are in the OH form obtained by hydrolysis, andc) copolymerized units of a perfluoroolefin of the formulaCF.sub.2 .dbd.CFR.sub.fin which R.sub.f is F or a perfluoroalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in an amount which makes the sum of components a)+b)+c) up to 100 mol-%, but with the proviso that at least 10 mol-% of the perfluoroolefin are present in the copolymer.

Abstract: A method for melt-molding a water-soluble vinyl alcohol polymer which includes melt-molding a water-soluble oxyalkylene group-containing vinyl alcohol copolymer under substantially anhydrous conditions and substantially without use of plasticizer, the copolymer having a vinyl alcohol unit (A), a vinyl ester unit (B) and an oxyalkylene ether unit (C) of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group; n is equal to 1 through 50; in proportions of a mol %, b mol % and c mol %, respectively, where0.1.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.20,50.ltoreq.100a/(a+b).ltoreq.100,and the oxyalkylene moiety (CHR.sup.2 --CHR.sup.3 --O--).sub.n of unit (C) accounts for 3 to 40 percent by weight of the total resin, and having a melt index of not less than 5 g/10 min. under a load of 2160 at a temperature of 210.degree. C.

Abstract: Vinyl alcohol polymers having a high syndiotacticity and a high degree of polymerization. They are useful as water-resistant films, heat-resistant films, material for high-strength gel and as paper processing agents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a copolymer of a fluoromonomer having the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 F wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from H and F, and R.sub.3 may be Cl when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are F; and a vinyl monomer having the formula H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHR.sub.x, wherein R.sub.x is a radical having the formula --O.sub.2 CR.sub.y, wherein R.sub.y is a radical selected from CH.sub.3 and C.sub.2 H.sub.5.The resulting copolymer comprises fluorinated units having the formula (R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C--CR.sub.3 F) wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from H and F, and R.sub.3 may be Cl when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are F, and corresponding amounts of vinyl units having the formula (H.sub.2 C--CHR.sub.x), wherein R.sub.x is selected from --CH.sub.3 and C.sub.2 H.sub.5. In an alternate and preferred embodiment the copolymer is hydrolyzed so that R.sub.x becomes --OH.

Abstract: A pellicle film comprised of a resin prepared by reducing a polyvinyl acetal of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C1-3 alkyl group and the vinyl acetate content "y/(x+y+z)" is not larger than 0.1 and the degree of acetalization "z/(x+y+z)" is at least 0.6. This pellicle film exhibits a reduced UV absorption in the vicinity of 365 nm and is durable against irradiation with UV rays, especially i-line of a mercury arc light.

Abstract: Novel phosphorylated compositions of a vinyl chloride copolymer or terpolymer, a phenoxy resin, a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylatelactone adduct or a reaction product of a normally solid pendant-hydroxyl-containing thermoplastic polymer having at least 8 hydroxyl groups per molecular chain and an adduct which is the product of either a hydroxylalkyl acrylate or methacrylate or a lactone-acrylate adduct and an organic diisocyanate having improved dispersion characteristics suitable for use in applications such as magnetic recording media.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of expanding-contracting hydrogel composites which process comprises the steps of adding solid particles of a polyelectrolyte to a polyvinyl alcohol solution and subjecting the mixture to a low temperature treatment to cause gelation of the polyvinyl alcohol with the polyelectrolyte dispersed as a heterogeneous phase (i.e. solid particles) within the polyvinyl alcohol gel. Hydrogel composites made by the process exhibit high strength and a capacity to expand and contract over a wide range with changes in environment.

Abstract: Novel acid-substituted ternary acetal polymers are comprised of recurring units which include three six-membered cyclic acetal groups, one of which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, another of which is substituted with an aromatic or heterocyclic moiety, and a third of which is substituted with an acid group, an acid-substituted alkyl group or an acid-substituted aryl group. The acid-substituted ternary acetal polymers are advantageously employed in photosensitive compositions in which they are utilized in combination with diazo resins. Such photosensitive compositions are especially well adapted for use in lithographic printing plates which can be developed with aqueous developing solutions.

Abstract: Novel binary acetal polymers are comprised of recurring units which include two six-membered cyclic acetal groups, one of which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group and the other of which is substituted with an aromatic or heterocyclic moiety. The binary acetal polymers are advantageously employed in photosensitive compositions in which they are utilized in combination with diazo resins. Such photosensitive compositions are especially well adapted for use in lithographic printing plates which can be developed with aqueous developing solutions.

Abstract: A melt-molded article such as water soluble fibers, a laminate and a container for waste matter, the article having biodegradability. The melt molded article is produced by melt-molding a composition comprising an oxyalkylene group-containing vinyl alcohol copolymer and starch or a starch-derived macromolecular substance.

Abstract: A modified poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer is provided containing copolymerized units of allylamine and/or diallylamine by copolymerizing a vinyl ester, such as vinyl acetate, and an N-allylamide and/or N,N-diallylamide, such as N-allylformamide and/or N,N-diallylformamide and hydrolyzing first the ester groups to hydroxy groups and then the amide groups to amine groups. The second hydrolysis is carried out on solvent-swollen particulate polymer slurried in an acidic or basic medium. The modified polymer can contain small amounts of unhydrolyzed ester and amide groups in addition to the hydroxy and amine functionality which characterizes the copolymer.

Abstract: Sheet for safety glazings made of: a) polyvinyl butyral internally plasticized by the presence in the polymer of C.sub.7 to C.sub.15 aliphatic aldehyde groups and b) an external plasticizer in amount sufficient to provide a sheet glass transition temperature of about 25.degree. to 30.degree. C.

Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers wherein ethylene content is 10-70 mol % diad syndiotacticity is not less than 55 mol %, and intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] is not less than 0.05 l/g when measured with a mixed solvent of 85 weight % of phenol and 15 weight % of water at 30 20 C., which show less decrease of resistance to gas permeation under high temperature and high humidity, while retaining resistance to get permeation under low humidity, transparency and melt moldability, and moldings and laminates formed thereof.

Abstract: Disposable diapers can be manufactured at high production speeds by using for the waistband a heat-shrinkable plastic film that is dimensionally stable at ordinary room temperatures and shrinks in one direction at least 25% within 5 seconds at 54.degree. C. Such a heat-shrinkable plastic film can be made by uniaxially cold-stretching a thin extrudate of a blend of an EVA copolymer and an (A-B) block copolymer of polystyrene and polyisoprene.

Abstract: A blenad consisting ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and a polyamide blend of an amorphous polyamide and a semicrystalline polyamide which is miscible with the amorphous polyamide but substantially immiscible with the vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibits good mechanical and barrier properties as well as good resistance to thermal degradation.

Abstract: A blend of 5 to 95 percent of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and 95 to 5 percent of an amorphous polyamide having fewer than about 0.100 equivalents of carboxyl end groups per kilogram of polyamide exhibits improved oxidative and thermal stability. The blend is useful for preparing films and multiple layered structures including thermoformed structures and oriented shrink films.

Abstract: Transesterified copolymers of maleic anhydride, particularly useful in the field of detergency and anti-scaling agents, obtained from preformed copolymers of maleic anhydride with vinyl acetate, by at least partial transesterification of said preformed copolymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic nonlinear optical material comprising a 4-nitrophenylaminoacetaldehyde acetal represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## and a polymeric organic nonlinear optical material comprising an acetalized polyvinyl alcohol having the above-mentioned 4-nitrophenylaminoacetaldehyde acetal as the side chain.

Abstract: Novel polyvinyl alcohols include, in the polymeric backbone, vinyl units containing pendant hydrophobic groups. The polymers are made by hydrolysis of corresponding polyvinyl acylates under conditions are avoid hydrolysis of the pendant hydrophobic groups from the polymer. These groups are preferably bonded into the polymer as allyl ether units. The hydrophobic units act as internal plasticizers in films or other shaped articles formed from the polymers and, in particular, gives significant benefit in viscosity and other rheology characteristics of aqueous compositions formed from the polymer.

Abstract: Provided are water soluble films comprising a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 2-pyrrolidone ring. The films have excellent water solubility, which can be maintained over a long period of time and under the condition of being contacted with an alkaline or acid substance, and at the same time have an appropriate touch and flexibility.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder composition is disclosed which comprises:a functional thermoplastic resin capable of reacting with a cyanate group and a molecular weight of at least 10,000;a polyfunctional cyanate compound; anda viscosity controlling agent which is a compound having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the functional thermoplastic resin and/or the polyfunctional cyanate compound and a molecular weight of less than 10,000. The composition is useful as a powder coating composition or a raw material for the formation of molded articles.

Abstract: Polyvinylaminals, optionally as the formed copolymer with polyvinylhemiaminals, and polyvinylacetals are useful as flocculants and epoxy resin and polyurethane crosslinking agents and are provided by reacting a poly(vinylamine) or a copolymer containing vinyl alcohol and vinylamine units with a monoaldehyde. The aldehyde, such as butyraldehyde, can be introduced in the polymer acetalization as a liquid or gas, generally in a proportion of about 0.02 to 0.5 mol per mol of alcohol and amine units in the polymer chain.

Abstract: A copolymer based on vinyl acetate and an allyl glycidyl ether capped C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 aliphatic alcohol and their saponified products.

Abstract: Essentially alternating copolymers of hexafluoroisobutylene (HFIB) and vinyl acetate (VA) are prepared under homogeneous radial conditions. They are soluble in polar solvents such as ketones, dimethylforamide, and diglyme. Their solutions can be used to cast films and for coatings. They can be hydrolyzed to form copolymers of HFIB and vinyl alcohol (VOH).

Abstract: Disposable diapers can be manufactured at high production speeds by using for the waistband a heat-shrinkable plastic film that is dimensionally stable at ordinary room temperature and shrinks in one direction at least 25% within 5 seconds at 54.degree. C. Such a heat-shrinkable plastic film can be made by uniaxially cold-stretching a thin extrudate of a blend of an EVA copolymer and an (A-B) block copolymer of polystyrene and polyisoprene.

Abstract: The invention relates to an object and a process for the preparation of an object from an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer with high tensile strength and modulus, by converting:a) a solution of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer with a weight-average molecular weight above 6.times.10.sup.4 kg/Kmole into a shaped, solvent-containing object in a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents;b) converting this object into a gel object with a homogeneous gelstructure by rapid cooling to below the gelation temperature;c) removing the solvent present in this gel object for the most partd) Drawing the gel object during or after solvent removal at a temperature above the glass transition temperature but below the melting temperature of the copolymer.