Abstract: Fluorinated solid acids and supported fluorinated solid acids are used as catalysts for the polymerization of a feed stream containing at least one of pure monomer, C5 monomers, and C9 monomers to produce hydrocarbon resins. Freely-associated water may be removed from the fluorinated solid acid catalyst and/or supported fluorinated solid acid catalyst prior to use. Resins with softening points (Ring and Ball) in the range of about 5° C. to 170° C. can be prepared. These catalysts offer advantages over the traditional Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts since the acid sites are an integral part of the solid. The fluorinated solid acid catalysts and supported fluorinated solid acid catalysts are relatively nonhazardous, reusable catalysts which eliminate or at least reduce contamination of the resulting resin products with acid residues or by-products.

Abstract: Beads are made from water-soluble monomer or monomer blend by reverse phase bead polymerization by extruding aqueous monomer beads into or onto the top of an upflowing column of non-aqueous liquid and the beads polymerise as they float downwardly through the column during a period of at least ½ minute. The resultant beads can have a very narrow particle size distribution.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a particulate high molecular weight water soluble anionic or nonionic polymer is prepared by polymerizing 0-7 mole percent of at least one anionic monomer and 100-93 mole percent of at least one non-ionic monomer under free radical forming conditions in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt at a pH greater than 5 in the presence of an anionic water soluble stabilizer polymer containing from about 1.25 to about 20 mole percent 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: A latex is prepared by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer having an active methylene group in the presence of a hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophilic polymer comprises an isoprene sulfonic acid or salts thereof as a monomer unit. A sheet material is prepared having a support with a hydrophilic layer containing the latex thereon.

Abstract: A method for producing a highly concentrated aqueous acrylic amide-based polymer dispersion which is inexpensive, good in fluidity and easy to handle is provided. The method comprises polymerizing a water-soluble monomer composition containing an acrylic amide monomer in an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt in the presence of a homopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and/or a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and other monomer(s).

Abstract: A procatalyst and a process for the preparation of a multimodal ethylene homopolymer or copolymer by gas-phase polymerisation is described. The procatalyst used in the process is prepared by: a) contacting the support, preferably silica with a halogenating agent, preferably ethyl aluminium dichloride to obtain a first reaction product, b) contacting the first reaction product with a compound or mixture containing hydrocarbyl and one or more of hydrocarbyloxy, monoalkylamido, dialkylamido, carboxylato and alkoxymethoxy groups linked to magnesium, thereby to obtain a second reaction product (the procatalyst precursor), and c) contacting the second reaction product with a titanium compound, preferably TiCl4. In step a) the molar ratio of the alkyl metal chloride to the surface hydroxyls of the inorganic oxide is preferably between 1:1 and 10:1. In step b) the atomic ratio of the magnesium to the chlorine of the alkyl metal chloride of step a) preferably is between 1:1.5 to 1:2.5.

Abstract: The present invention is a process of preparing copolymers of vinyl aromatic and olefinic monomers wherein the polymerization is carried out in a dispersion in the presence of a metallocene catalyst and a dispersion aid. The dispersion aid is a styrene-diene two-block copolymer or a styrene-diene three-block copolymer. The resultant polymer is useful as a fiber, film or molding.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion obtainable by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture A) comprising from 50 to 100% by weight of C1-C18 alkyl (meth)acrylates, vinyl esters, vinylaromatic compounds, or mixtures thereof, in the presence of a protective colloid B) composed of b1) from 2 to 40% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable compounds (monomers) having at least one phosphate or phosphonate group b2) from 0 to 98% by weight of C1-C18 alkyl (meth)acrylates, vinyl esters or vinylaromatic compounds b3) from 0 to 50% by weight of further monomers, the amounts by weight being based on the protective colloid.

Abstract: A process for producing a water-soluble polymer dispersion comprising polymerizing water-soluble monomers having double bonds in an aqueous salt solution that dissolves the monomers but does not dissolve the formed polymer while stirring in the presence of a dispersant composed of a polymer electrolyte soluble in this aqueous salt solution to obtain fine polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous salt solution, characterized by adding at least one viscosity-increase suppressor selected from the group consisting of: (A) a polyvalent carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, (B) a polyvalent phenol, (C) a cyclic compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, (D) gluconic acid or a salt thereof, (E) a reaction product obtained by reacting methoxyhydroquinone and/or (meth)acrylic cationic monomer with a compound that generates radicals in an oxidizing atmosphere, (F) a reaction product obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic cationic polymer with a compound that generates radicals in an oxidizin

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer is provided comprising a branched olefin polymer having crystalline sidechains and an amorphous backbone wherein at least 90 mole percent of the sidechains are isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene and at least 80 mole percent of the backbone is atactic polypropylene. Additionally, a process is provided for producing a thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising: a) contacting, in solution, at a temperature from about 90° C. to about 120° C., propylene monomers with a catalyst composition comprising a chiral, stereorigid transition metal catalyst compound capable of producing isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene; b) copolymerizing the product of a) with propylene and, optionally, one or more copolymerizable monomers, in a polymerization reactor using an achiral transition metal catalyst capable of producing atactic polypropylene; and c) recovering a branched olefin polymer.

Abstract: A polymeric latex prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a monomeric mixture comprising styrene and butadiene in the presence of a seed polymer prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization of styrene and a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: A particulate polymer P having an average particle diameter d50 of from 0.1 to 50 &mgr;m is prepared by a process in which an emulsion E is prepared from one or more monomers M, which are polymerizable by free radical polymerization to give the polymer P, water, and at least one protective colloid PC by the action of high shear forces, and the emulsion E is subjected to polymerization in a reactor with the use of a free radical polymerization initiator RI wherein, based on the emulsion E, not more than 75% by weight of the emulsion E (initially taken portion of E) are initially taken in the reactor at the beginning of the polymerization and at least 25% by weight of the emulsion E (feed portion of E) are not fed to the reactor until after the beginning of the polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing dispersions of water-sble cationic vinyl polymers which can be used as process aids for separation processes, e.g. as flocculation aids, coagulation agents, retention agents or dehydration accelerators. The dispersions are produced by radical homopolymerization of cationic, hydrophobically modified vinyl monomers or their copolymerization with water-soluble vinyl monomers in aqueous saline solutions. In this respect block copolymers are used as dispersion stabilizers, and which are formed from a cationic vinyl monomer and ethyleneoxide.

Abstract: A polymeric material comprising at least first and second polymer parts, which first part has a number average molecular weight higher than that of the second part and which first and second polymer parts each comprise a respective polymer part derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, is prepared by a process which comprises the steps of (1) preparing, by aqueous suspension polymerisation the first, higher molecular weight polymer part in the presence of a free radical initiator, but in the absence of a chain transfer agent to form a suspension of the first, higher molecular weight part and thereafter (2) preparing by aqueous suspension polymerisation the second, lower molecular weight part, which preparation step (2) is carried out in the presence of the suspension of the first, higher molecular weight part, a free radical initiator and a catalytic chain transfer agent (CCTA).

Abstract: A paintable, reactor grade thermoplastic olefin (TPO) comprising a blend of elastomer and polypropylene. The elastomer is present in an amount of about 10 to 35% by weight, based on the weight of the TPO. The elastomer comprising about 40 to about 60% by weight polyethylene, based on the weight of the elastomer. The TPO has a viscosity ratio of polypropylene to elastomer of about 50:1 to about 700:1.

Abstract: A methacrylic resin having excellent impact resistance which is industrially more usable in general purposes, has the excellent weatherability and surface gloss inherent in methacrylic resins, and is optionally excellent in transparency and other properties. The impact-resistant methacrylic resin is characterized by being constituted of (A) a partially hydrogenated conjugated diene polymer having a degree of hydrogenation of from 20% to 70%, excluding 70%, and (B) a methacrylic copolymer formed from from 80 to 99.9% by weight-methyl methacrylate and from 0.1 to 20% by weight at least one other vinyl monomer-copolymerizable with the methyl methacrylate, and by having a toluene-insoluble content of from 0.5 to 50% by weight and a degree of swelling in toluene of from 2 to 12.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of acrylic monomers in aqueous suspension, wherein at least a comonomer has a solubility in water of at least 5 g per 100 g of water, to obtain copolymers containing the hydrosoluble comonomer up to 60% by weigh, in the presence of a radical initiator soluble in The monomer and of a polymeric suspending agent selected from the homopolymer of a compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, equal or different, are H or alkyls C.sub.1 -C.sub.8, optionally branched when possible; M is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal or ammonium and A is NH, O or NCH.sub.

Abstract: A method for preventing sheeting problems in a gas phase reactor in such multi-phase polymerization process, which comprises at least one loop reactor followed by a gas phase reactor, where the polymerization is continued in the presence of added monomers, and in which process a fouling preventive agent is used to prevent fouling or sheeting in the reactors. According to the invention 30-70% of the end product is polymerized in the loop reactor, where the whole amount of the fouling preventive agent is added, the amount of the fouling preventive agent being higher than necessary to prevent the fouling in the loop reactor.

Abstract: Crystalline polymers of ethylene, propylene or cyclic olefins or mixtures thereof are prepared by a process in which polymerization is carried out in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system in a dispersion.

Abstract: Components and catalysts for the polymerization of olefins comprising the product obtained by contacting a compound of a transition metal M, containing at least one M-.pi. bond, with an olefinic prepolymer obtained by polymerization of one or more olefins with a coordination catalyst comprising a compound of Ti or V supported on a magnesium halide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cyanoacrylate-based compositions, which include in addition to the cyanoacrylate component, a thermal-resistance conferring agent, such as an alkylating agent and/or silylating agent, which provides reaction products of the compositions with improved thermal resistance properties.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst system comprising an organic transition metal compound and a support, wherein an organic transition metal compound is soluble in an inert organic solvent and a support which is insoluble in the inert organic solvent, and the support comprises an organic high molecular weight compound which contains a specific carbonyl-containing group. The catalyst system can polymerize an olefin in a high activity, provides polymer with high stereoregularity, prevents adhesion or fouling of the polymer generated in the course of polymerization or an organic aluminum oxy compound on the inner wall of the reactor, leads to high bulk density of the polymer and very reduced level of fisheye and/or gel generation on the processed item, can maintain high productivity, can manufacture high quality product, and thus provides extremely high contribution in industry.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carrier powder polymer coatings which comprises the supercritical polymerization of two monomers and surfactant in a supercritical medium.

Abstract: Homopolymers or copolymers obtained by a multistage process of olefins having the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR, in which R is hydrogen or R has from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, the process comprising:(A) a first stage of polymerization in which one or more of the olefins are polymerized in the presence of a titanium or vanadium catalyst;(B) a treatment stage in which the product obtained in the first stage of polymerization (A) is brought into contact with a compound capable of deactivating the catalyst present in the stage (A); and also brought into contact with a compound of a transition metal M selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, V, or Hf containing at least one M-.pi. bond and optionally with an alkyl-Al compound; and(C) a second stage of polymerization in which one or more of the olefins are polymerized, in one or more reactors, in the presence of the product obtained in treatment stage (B).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions of low viscosity with polymer volume concentrations of at least 50% by volume, based on the polymer dispersion, by free-radical emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, with the exception of vinyl halides and vinylidene halides, in the presence of at least one initiator and at least one initial polymer involves emulsifying the major proportion of the monomers in an aqueous dispersion of the initial polymer and supplying this emulsion continuously to the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: A polymer dispersion having a minimum film-forming temperature in the range from 0 to 40.degree. C., which is useful in coating compositions for substrates, in the form of varnishes or gloss paints, is obtained by stepwise emulsion polymerization, which includes polymerizing, onto a first stage having the monomer composition I comprising: from 50 to 68.5% by weight of soft monomers A whose homopolymers have a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) below 0.degree. C.; from 30 to 50% by weight of hard monomers B whose homopolymers have a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) above 65.degree. C.; from 0.5 to 5% by weight of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or carboxamides C which are copolymerizable with A and B; from 1 to 7.

Abstract: A simple process for producing acrylic resins excellent in toughness was provided. The process comprises putting a monomer mixture comprising (i) 80 to 99 parts by weight of a methacrylic monomer containing 50% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate and (ii) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a diene-based rubber, in contact with a radical polymerization initiator, then pouring them in a mold and polymerizing the mixture.

Abstract: Rapidly dissolving/absorbing free-flowing powders of hydrophilic/superabsorbent (co)polymers, having irregular nonspherical morphology and a particle size distribution ranging from 100 .mu.m to 800 .mu.

Abstract: A method which produces colored minute particles by suspending in an aqueous suspending medium a polymerizable monomer composition obtained by dispersing a coloring agent at least in a polymerizable monomer and polymerizing the resultant suspension is characterized in that the dispersion of the coloring agent in the polymerizable monomer is performed in the presence of a dispersing agent, the polymerizable monomer composition exhibits a viscosity of not more than 300 cP, and the suspension of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous suspending medium exhibits a viscosity of not more than 100 cP. The dispersing agent is at least one resin selected from the group consisting of rosin derivatives, aromatic petroleum resins, pinene type resins, epoxy type resins, cumdrone resins, and styrene-acryl type resins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous solution or dispersion containing a cationic polymer, which comprises the steps of: polymerizing a monomer including an N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide represented by the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHNHCOR, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, in an aqueous medium in the presence of either or both of a polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; and then modifying the resulting polymer with an acid or base. Furthermore, an aqueous composition containing a cationic polymer, which comprises (A) a modified N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide polymer, (B) either or both of a polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and (C) water is disclosed.

Abstract: The claimed invention is directed to a molecularly imprinted support formed from at least two distinct acylic monomers and at least one imprinted molecule. The support comprises beads having a uniform surface for reproducible presentation thereon.

Abstract: The invention concerns a two-stage method for the preparation of aqueous, self-crosslinking copolymer dispersions made from acrylate copolymers having acetoacetyl and carboxylic groups. The copolymers are neutralized with polyamines which act as crosslinking agents. These copolymers are useful in paints as binders that crosslink at room temperature or at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides adhesive compositions which include free radical polymerizable compounds and a redox catalyst system to accelerate polymerization thereof. The redox catalyst includes an aniline derivative substituted in the para position by halogen as an accelerator. The use of para-halogenated aniline derivatives as an accelerator in the cure of free radical polymerizable compounds results in good bond strength and greatly improved surface cure of the adhesive composition.

Abstract: Thermoplastic or thermosetting resin particles having a narrow particle size distribution are produced by suspending a liquid resinous composition in an aqueous solution of an anionic or cationic polyelectrolyte as primary particles of oil droplets, adjustion the suspension at a pH at which the polyelectrolyte is insolubilized to agglomerate into secondary particles of larger particle size, and allowing the secondary particles in the suspension to solidify.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the dispersion copolymerization of 35 to 70% by weight of vinyl substituted aromatic monomer and 30 to 65% by weight of conjugated diene monomer comprising carrying out the copolymerization in a reaction mixture containing a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon dispersing medium, an anionic catalyst system, and an "A" block of a copolymer dispersing agent, the dispersing agent having at least two polymer blocks wherein at least one of the polymer blocks is soluble in the dispersing medium and at least another of the polymer blocks is insoluble in the dispersing medium and is formed in situ.

Abstract: An azo group-containing high molecular weight compound including --COHN--, an ester linkage, or an amido linkage and a monomer units of 10 to 1000 derived from .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer is effective for producing a block copolymer having two or more polymer segments different in structure by one-step reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for polymerizing acrylonitrile, comprising: (A) forming a polymerizable mixture comprising acrylonitrile monomer, solvent and a metal catalyst; (B) contacting said mixture with an initiator, said initiator being selected from the group consisting of sulfonyl halides, halopropionitriles, substituted halopropionitriles in the form of monoadducts derived from sulfonyl halides and acrylonitrile, monoadducts derived from substituted sulfonyl halides and monomers other than acrylonitrile; or polymers containing end groups derived from sulfonyl halides, halopropionitriles, substituted halopropionitriles in the form of monoadducts derived from sulfonyl halides and acrylonitrile, or monoadducts derived from substituted sulfonyl halides and monomers other than acrylonitrile; and (C) polymerizing said acrylonitrile monomer to form a polymer comprised of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: An unsaturated acid-functional monomer having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and polymers prepared using the monomer are disclosed.

Abstract: Water-insoluble polymers are prepared by free radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers by a process in which the polymerization is carried out in an aqueous gel phase having a viscosity of at least 800 mPa.s and the gel former has a molecular weight of more than 20,000. The dispersions obtained have a long shelf life and the polymer can be readily precipitated.

Abstract: The claimed invention is directed to stabilizers, polymers, and emulsifiers useful in preparing molecularly imprinted materials having recognition capabilities corresponding to the imprint molecule.

Abstract: Water dilutable binders, prepared by subjecting to free radical polymerization(A) from 20 to 90% by weight of a mixture of(a1) from 3 to 50% by weight of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or a mixture of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and(a2) from 50 to 97% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers,in the presence of(B) from 9.9 to 79.9% by weight of a halogen-free polyolefin free from maleic anhydride groups, or a mixture of halogen-free polyolefins free from maleic anhydride groups, and(C) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a free radical initiator or a mixture of free radical initiatorsand, after neutralization of at least 20% of the carboxyl groups contained in the resulting polymerization product, dispersing the polymerization product in water, the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A), (B) and (C) and (a1) and (a2) in each case always being 100% by weight.

Abstract: A method for the homopolymerization or copolymerization of vinyl chloride, wherein the inner wall of the polymerizer and the like are prevented from being fouled with the resulting polymer by applying a coating fluid containing the oxidative polymerization product of a specific phenolic monomer to the surface of the inner wall of the polymerizer and the like, as well as an anti-fouling agent used for this purpose. The method of this invention can very effectively prevent the polymerizer and the like from being fouled with the resulting polymer without affecting the polymerization rate and various properties of the product. Consequently, the necessity of performing the operation for removal of the deposited polymer after completion of each polymerization cycle is eliminated, thus making it possible to achieve closed polymerization requiring no manhole opening after each polymerization cycle which is becoming increasingly popular in recent years.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homo- or copolymer of vinyl chloride. The polymer contains 0.01-50% of an oligomer of a C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefin or of an internal olefin or of their mixtures.

Abstract: Particulate, filterable polystyrene formulations are obtained by anionic polymerization of styrene in nonaqueous dispersion if the polymerization is carried out in an aliphatic hydrocarbon as the dispersing medium and with a styrene/diene/styrene three-block copolymer, for example based on polybutadiene or polyisoprene, as the dispersant.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion is prepared by free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, which comprises at least 30% by weight of monomers having two conjugated ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, by a process in which the polymerization temperature is varied in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization in aqueous suspension of acrylic monomers in the presence of a polymeric suspending agent, homopolymer or copolymer of a compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, equal or different, are H or alkyls C.sub.1 -C.sub.8, optionally branched when possible; M is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal or ammonium and A is NH, O or NCH.sub.3, characterized in that the polymerization aqueous phase is wholly or partly formed by the mother waters obtained after the separation of the acrylic polymer, so as to have a polymerizable suspension containing at least 0,01% by weight and up to about 1% of said suspending agent and at least from 0.05% to 5% by weight of the other products above mentioned obtained during the polymerization.

Abstract: Process for preparing beads based on acrylic polymers which comprises the preparation of microbeads from 10 to 40 micron by means of a polymerization process in suspension of acrylic monomers in the presence of at least a crosslinking monomer at least bifunctional, characterized in that a second polymerization of the acrylic monomers is carried out in absence of crosslinking monomers and using as suspending phase a fraction of the suspension obtained in the preceding polymerization containing a crosslinking agent, said fraction containing an amount of microbeads comprised between 3 and 40% by weight with respect to the final polymer obtained in the second polymerization.

Abstract: Copolymers containing carboxyl groups in aqueous dispersion form or redispersible powder form and their water-soluble salts, based on ethylenically unsaturated and copolymerizable monomers, the macro-molecules of which contain at least 24% by weight of monomer units carrying carboxyl groups prepared, by emulsion copolymerization initiated by free radicals in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dissolved in the aqueous phase and isolation of the copolymers in aqueous dispersion form, and optionally subsequent removal of water by spray drying to obtain redispersible copolymer powders and processes for their preparation and their use as thickeners in aqueous formulations which copolymers, by conversion into their water-soluble salt forms, are useful as thickening agents having a surprisingly advantageous rheology-modifying action in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Water dispersible polymeric powders are prepared in liquid/supercritical CO.sub.2 by the sequential polymerization of a water soluble polymer after the polymerization of a non-water soluble polymer using core-shell polymerization technology.

Abstract: An essentially stable monomer miniemulsion characterized by small monomer droplet size is prepared and is then polymerized to a polymer latex under free radical polymerization conditions. The monomer miniemulsions herein include, in addition to water, a surfactant, and a monomer or mixture thereof, one or more polymers which function as a polymeric co-surfactant. The monomer miniemulsions are characterized by average monomer droplet size of 10 to 500 nanometers, preferably 80 to 150 nanometers. The amount of polymer added as a co-surfactant is about 0.5 to about 5 percent by weight based on monomer weight. The monomer emulsion may contain either a single monomer or a monomer mixture. The monomer emulsion is polymerized under conventional emulsion polymerization conditions yielding a polymer latex having an average polymer particle size of 10 to 500 nanometers, preferably 80 to 150 nanometers, and a narrow particle size distribution, i.e., a polydispersity index of about 1.05 to about 1.40.