Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition that includes a polymer prepared by using a macromonomer as an alkali soluble resin. The photosensitive resin composition is used for various types of purposes such as a photoresist for preparing a color filter, an overcoat photoresist, a column spacer, and an insulating material having a light blocking property, and improves physical properties such as residue or not, chemical resistance, and heat resistance of the photoresist.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel pH sensitive copolymer synthesized from lactide macromers and basic monomers. This composition comprises an acrylate or methacrylate ester of low molecular weight oligomeric lactide copolymerized with basic monomer. These copolymers show pH sensitive dissolution behavior which can be exploited for pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract: A macromer based novel copolymer comprising an acrylate or methacrylate ester of low molecular weight oligomeric lactide copolymerized with basic monomer is provided. These copolymers show unusual dissolution behavior in that they are soluble over a wide range of pH from 1.8 to 7.4. This unexpected solubility behavior can be exploited to develop pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Abstract: The present invention discloses styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers preparations using solventless techniques. The solventless method resulted in reduced amounts of residues, such as unreacted styrene and/or maleic anhydride monomers, which makes the copolymers particularly suitable for bioapplications.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprises a cell unit in which a plurality of single cells are laminated, each of which has a membrane type electrode unit including a fuel electrode to which an aqueous methanol solution is supplied as a fuel, an air electrode to which an oxidizing gas is supplied, and an electrolyte membrane interposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode, and a fuel absorbing member disposed around the cell unit, the fuel absorbing member being composed of a polymer represented by the following formula (I) where R1 denotes a cationic aromatic functional group, R2 denotes an anion, and n is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a resin powder containing a radical polymer having a volume-average primary-particle diameter of 1 nm to 300 nm and containing no impurities such as surfactants by a simple procedure without via multistage reactions. The process for producing a resin powder (J) comprising a radical polymer obtained by polymerizing a bifunctional radical-polymerizable monomer (A) with a ter- or higher functional radical-polymerizable monomer (B) in the presence of 15 mol % to 170 mol % polymerization initiator (C), based on the sum of monomers (A) and (B).

Abstract: A process for preparing a pressure-sensitive polyacrylate adhesive, characterized in that a polyacrylate composition including the atomic sequence C—S—C is admixed with at least one metal compound of type (L)yM where M=metal atom or metal ion L=counterion or ligand y=0 to 6.

Abstract: Provided is a method for polymerizing a polymer precursor, comprising: contacting a polymer precursor with a lithium carborane catalyst and an initiator under polymerizing conditions. A reaction solvent may be used, but is not necessary. Also provided is a method of preparing lithium carborane polymers, comprising: contacting a lithium carborane polymer precursor having a terminal alkenyl or alkynyl group with an initiator and an optional reaction solvent under polymerizing conditions. Functionalized carborane anions are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a cross-linked isocyanurate homopolymer or other cross-linked triazine homopolymers in the form of a microbead that is porous or non-porous; methods of making; and methods of using the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel polymerizable organic composition comprising one or more radically polymerizable monomers with at least one radically polymerizable monomer having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups that have backbone linkages selected from thiourethane linkages, dithiourethane linkages, combinations of thiourethane linkages and dithiourethane linkages. The present invention is also directed to polymerizates prepared from the polymerizable organic composition, shaped articles prepared from the polymerizable compositions, and photochromic articles that may be prepared from the polymerizable organic composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A new, facile, general one-phase method of generating thiol-functionalized transition metal nanoparticles and surface modified by (co)polymers synthesized by the RAFT method is described. The method includes the steps of forming a (co)polymer in aqueous solution using the RAFT methodology, forming a collidal transition metal precursor solution from an appropriate transition metal; adding the metal precursor solution or surface to the (co)polymer solution, adding a reducing agent into the solution to reduce the metal colloid in situ to produce the stabilized nanoparticles or surface, and isolating the stabilized nanoparticles or surface in a manner such that aggregation is minimized. The functionalized surfaces generated using these methods can further undergo planar surface modifications, such as fuctionalization with a variety of different chemical groups, expanding their utility and application.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization process comprises gas-phase polymerization of at least one olefin monomer in a reactor using a Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalyst system in the presence of at least one suitable radical-generating compound in an amount sufficient for polymer modification and subsequent stabilization of such compound and generated radicals before post-reactor heat processing.

Abstract: A dispersion of polymer particles, the particle containing, on average, one or more living radicals each, the radicals not being chemically protected. Further disclosed is a free radical polymerization process resulting in a dispersion containing polymer particles having on average one or more living radicals. The process involves carefully regulating the polymerization conditions to produce small size particles under monomer-starved conditions containing, on average, more than one living radical in every particle. These living polymer radicals can be further reacted to form polymers with a controlled architecture.

Abstract: A controlled free radical polymerization process, which includes the steps of: adding a monofunctional iniferter compound to an oxygen-free solvent; heating the solution to a temperature sufficient to allow the iniferter compound to form two carbon centered radical residues; adding a first monomer composition comprising one or more monomers to the solution containing the radical containing residues; polymerizing the first monomer composition to form a quasi-living polymer; and optionally polymerizing a second monomer composition comprising one or more monomers, which are different than the first monomer composition. The resulting non-random copolymer having the general formula: ?-[-Ap-Bs-]t-? where A and B are different compositions of ethylenically unsaturated monomers; p is an integer from 1 to 1,000; s is an integer from 0 to 1,000; t is an integer from 1 to 100; and ? is a residue from the iniferter.

Abstract: An acrylic polymer having pendant alkoxysilane comprising the free radical reaction product of a polysiloxane, an N-alkylphosphonate N-oxylalkyl ester initiator; and ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The acrylic polymer can be further crosslinked with reactive polysiloxanes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition of a functionalized polyalphaolefin comprising the reaction product of admixing (a) an alpha-olefin monomer having at least 10 carbon atoms; (b) an unsaturated functionalizing compound; and (c) a polymerization initializer, under reaction conditions sufficient to polymerize the alpha-olefin monomer and unsaturated functionalizing compound. Free radical initiators, especially peroxides are disclosed to be useful in preparing the functionalized polyalphaolefin. The functionalized polyalphaolefins are disclosed to be useful in preparing inks, toners, coatings, candle waxes, lubricating oils, and personal care products.

Abstract: A thermoplastic olefin (TPO) composition comprises (1) a major amount by weight of (a) a substantially linear homopolymer or copolymer of a C2–C10 ?-olefin in major proportion to (b) a long chain branched a linear homopolymer or copolymer of a C2–C10 ?-olefin, (2) a minor amount by weight of a cross linkable elastomer, and (3) at least one thermally decomposing free radical generating agent present in an amount sufficient to promote an increase in melt strength of the composition over that of the melt strength of the linear homopolymer or copolymer of a C2–C10 ?-olefin alone and insufficient to substantially degrade the ?-olefinic polymers. The TPO composition is prepared by melt blending the components at a temperature sufficient to melt said homopolymers or copolymers of a C2–C10 ?-olefin and thermally decompose said agent. Articles are thermoformed from the thermoplastic olefin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for controlled radical polymerization using an organosulfur reversible chain transfer agent which consists in preparing polymers having a molar weight of greater than 100 000 g/mol, with a polydispersity index of less than 1.2 for molar weights of less than 200 000 g/mol and of less than 1.4 for molar weights of greater than 200 000 g/mol, with a degree of conversion of monomer of greater than 75% and a polymerization time of less than 8 h, characterized by the control of the flux of initiator radicals in the polymerization medium. The control of the flux of initiator radicals can be achieved by the use of two appropriate polymerization temperatures T1 and T2 or by use of an initiator having a decomposition rate constant which is greater than that of azobisisobutyronitrile at the same temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel multi-functional methacrylic copolymers that exhibit cationic pH-sensitive behavior as well as good water solubility under acidic conditions. The copolymers are constructed from tertiary amine methacrylates and poly(ethylene glycol) containing methacrylates. The copolymers are useful as gene vectors, pharmaceutical carriers, and in protein separation applications.

Abstract: A new, facile, general one-phase method of generating thio-functionalized transition metal nanoparticles and surfaces modified by (co)polymers synthesized by the RAFT method is described. The method includes the stops of forming a (co)polymer in aqueous solution using the RAFT methodology, forming a colloidal transition metal precursor solution from an appropriate transition metal; adding the metal precursor solution or surface to the (co)polymer solution, adding a reducing agent into the solution to reduce the metal colloid in situ to produce the stabilized nanoparticles or surface, and isolating the stabilized nanoparticles or surface in a manner such that aggregation is minimized. The functionalized surfaces generated using these methods can further undergo planar surface modifications, such as functionalization with a variety of different chemical groups, expanding their utility and application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a suspension polymerization process for the preparation of styrene-containing (co)polymers, wherein the process comprises the steps of continuously or semi-continuously dosing an initiator to the reaction mixture, said initiator having a specified half-life at the temperature of the reaction mixture to which it is dosed. The invention further relates to styrene based (co)polymer obtainable by said process, and to the use of said styrene (co)polymer in a shaping process.

Abstract: A polymerization process comprising initiating a first polymerization of monomers using an initiator functionalized with an ATRP initiating site, wherein the first polymerization is selected from the group of cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, conventional free radical polymerization, metathesis, ring opening polymerization, cationic ring opening polymerization, and coordination polymerization to form a macroinitiator comprising an ATRP initiating site and further initiating an ATRP polymerization of radically polymerizable monomers using the macroinitiator comprising an ATRP initiating site. Novel block copolymers may be formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: Copolymerization of Ni(II) phenol imine complexes containing olefinic substituents on aryl groups with styrene in the presence of a radical initiator results in polymerized late transition metal catalysts which can be used for olefin polymerization or oligomerization. These catalysts have high catalyst activity for olefin polymerization or oligomerization.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an emulsion polymerization process that comprises: (1) preparing an aqueous polymerization medium which is comprised of (a) at least one monomer, (b) a polymerization control agent, and an emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is prepared in-situ within the aqueous polymerization medium; and (2) initiating polymerization of said monomer within the aqueous polymerization medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing novel, monodisperse ion exchangers having chelating functional groups, and their use for adsorbing metal compounds, in particular, heavy metal compounds and noble metal compounds, and also for extracting alkaline-earth metals from saline solutions from alkali metal chloride electrolysis.

Abstract: A method of producing a non-crosslinked polymer particle having in a side chain thereof a succinimidoxycarbonyl group represented by the following structural formula (1): the method comprising the step of using an initiator to polymerize a polymerizable monomer (A) containing a succinimidoxycarbonyl group represented by the above structural formula (1) and a polymerizable monomer (B) containing one polymerizable moiety in the monomer in a non-aqueous solvent in the presence of a macromolecular dispersion stabilizer. In this process the non-aqueous solvent is a solvent in which the polymerizable monomer (A) and the polymerizable monomer (B) are soluble and the non-crosslinked polymer particle is insoluble.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvalent imprinted polymer useful in medicine and biotechnology and to a process for the preparation thereof. More particularly it relates to the said polymer of formula (1) herein below wherein R is H, CH3, C2H5, C6H5, R1is H, CH3, C2H5, C6H5; R2 is H, CH3, C2H5, C6H5, X is based on 4-Amino Butyric Acid (4-ABa), 6-Amino Caproic Acid (6-ACA), 8-Amino Octanoic Acid (8-AOA), 10-Amino Decanoic Acid (10-ADA), 11-Amino Undecanoic Acid (11-ADA), n is from 3 to 50, L is OH, NH2, OCH3, NH—CH—(CH3)2, Cl, OCH2, CH?CH2, O—CH?CH2; and Y is N-Acetyl Glucosamine (NAG), mannose, galactose, sialic acid, fructose, ribulose, erythrolose, xylulose, psicose, sorbose tagaose, glucopyranose, fructofuranose, deoxyribose, galactosamine, sucrose, lactose, isomaltose, maltose, cellobiose, cellulose and amylose; Z is based on chain terminating agent such as Mercapto Ethanol, Mercapto, Mercapto Propanol, Mercaptoethylamine HCl.

Abstract: This invention relates to the polymerization of vinylically-unsaturated monomers in the presence of a chain transfer catalysts where the polymerization process is initiated with hydrogen gas or a hydrogen atom donor rather than conventional free radical initiators. This invention further relates to an improved process for the polymerization of vinylically-unsaturated monomers in the presence of a chain transfer catalysts where the polymerization process is initiated with hydrogen gas.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an emulsion polymerization process that comprises: (1) preparing an aqueous polymerization medium which is comprised of (a) at least one monomer, (b) a polymerization control agent, and an emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is prepared in-situ within the aqueous polymerization medium; and (2) initiating polymerization of said monomer within the aqueous polymerization medium.

Abstract: An initiator system for radical polymerization, which comprises a combination of compounds of the formulae:

Abstract: A thermoplastic molding composition that features a combination of extremely good toughness, good processability, adjustable surface gloss, good inherent color and reduced opacity is disclosed. The composition contains A) a graft rubber that is the product of free-radical emulsion polymerization using a peroxodisulfate initiator, B) a graft rubber that is the product of free-radical emulsion polymerization using an azo compound initiator and C) a graft polymer that is the product of solution, bulk or suspension polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a dispersion of polymer particles in a dispersing medium. The polymer particles each contain an average of more than two living radicals that are not chemically protected. The present invention is also directed to a free radical precipitation process involving combining at least one monomer in at least one solvent; dispersing said monomer solvent mixture in a dispersing medium that is non-miscible with the first solvent, using a surfactant, stabilizer or mixture thereof; initiating polymerization with at least one free-radical generating agent and conversion, to produce polymer particles containing radicals trapped by precipitation by virtue of being above the lower critical solution temperature of the system; and removing the precipitating agent either during or after free-radical generation to form a dispersion polymer in the dispersing medium having living, trapped radicals.

Abstract: A porous, molecularly imprinted polymer and a process for its preparation are described. The porous, molecularly imprinted polymer is characterised in that it is obtainable by providing a porous silica; attaching a molecular template to the surface of the porous silica; filling the pores of the porous silica with a polymer, removing the silica and the molecular template, thereby leaving a porous, molecularly imprinted polymer. The process is characterised by the above defined process steps. Also described are a porous polymer vesicle and its preparation with the same features as defined for the porous, molecularly imprinted polymer and its preparation, except for the lack of the molecular template and thus the lack of the molecular imprint in the porous polymer.

Abstract: The invention is related to a geminally disubstituted olefin-carbon monoxide-ethylene polymer. The invention is also related to a method for preparing geminally disubstituted olefin-carbon monoxide-ethylene polymers by reacting a geminally disubstituted olefin feed, a carbon monoxide feed and an ethylene feed under free radical polymerization conditions. The invention is further related to a geminally disubstituted olefin-carbon monoxide-ethylene-X polymer, where monomer X is a free radical polymerizable monomer. The invention is also directed to a method for preparing geminally disubstituted olefin-carbon monoxide-ethylene-X polymers by reacting a geminally disubstituted olefin feed, a carbon monoxide feed, an ethylene feed and a feed containing monomer X under free radical polymerization conditions. The polymers of the invention are useful as polyvinyl chloride plasticizers.

Abstract: A controlled free radical polymerization process, which includes the steps of: adding a monofunctional iniferter compound to an oxygen-free solvent; heating the solution to a temperature sufficient to allow the iniferter compound to form two carbon centered radical residues; adding a first monomer composition comprising one or more monomers to the solution containing the radical containing residues; polymerizing the first monomer composition to form a quasi-living polymer; and optionally polymerizing a second monomer composition comprising one or more monomers, which are different than the first monomer composition. The resulting non-random copolymer having the general formula: ?-[—Ap—Bs—]t-? where A and B are different compositions of ethylenically unsaturated monomers; p is an integer from 1 to 1,000; s is an integer from 0 to 1,000; t is an integer from 1 to 100; and ? is a residue from the iniferter.

Abstract: The invention provides a flocculant which in sludge dewatering gives flocs having an excellent balance among flocculating strength, filtration rate and moisture content, and a method of sludge dewatering with the flocculant. Namely, the flocculant is a polymeric flocculent which contains a copolymer having alkoxyalkyl units or a poly(alkylene oxide) unit and further having water-soluble monomer units; and the method of sludge dewatering includes adding the polymeric flocculant to a sludge after or without adding an inorganic flocculent or an organic cationic compound thereto and then dewatering the sludge.

Abstract: A process is presented for the preparation of a latex by the emulsion polymerization at a temperature of between 30 and 90 C. of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of at least one surfactant and of a seed of polymer particles with a diameter of between 200 and 450 nm. The seed particles represent from 5-25% by weight of the total weight of the monomer and seed. The polymerization is initiated by a mixed water-soluble/fat-soluble system. Also included are lattices obtained from this process.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel low molecular weight, high functionality number, polymers. The polymers may be made, for example, by heating (preferably, to a temperature of between about 130° C. and 180° C.) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a substantially aprotic solvent system; and maintaining the temperature for a time sufficient to polymerize the monomers to a preferred monomer to polymer conversion percentage of at least about 95 percent by weight. In a presently preferred embodiment, the polymer has a weight average molecular weight between about 900 and 7,000 Dalton and a functionality number of at least 100. The process is also preferably substantially free of chain transfer agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersion of polymer particles, the particle containing, on average, more than 1 living radicals each, the radicals not being chemically protected. The invention is also directed to a free radical polymerization process resulting in a dispersion containing polymer particles having on average one or more living radicals. The process involves carefully regulating the polymerization conditions to produce small size particles under monomer-starved conditions containing, on average, more than one living radical in every particle. These living polymer radicals can be further reacted to form polymers with a controlled architecture.

Abstract: Enclosed are high refractive index and low birefringence organic/inorganic hybrid materials useful for optical applications. They are prepared from solventless metal aliphatic acryl alkoxides. The metal acryl alkoxides are synthesized from exchanging acryl alcohol with metal alkoxides, and are hydrolyzed into metal oxide nanoparticles and are well dispersed in the acrylate matrix. Then they are polymerized into organic/inorganic hybrid materials containing metal oxide in polyacrylate.

Abstract: Anaerobic and heat curing polymerizable impregnation compositions for sealing pourous articles are disclosed. The compositions contain glycerol, oxygenated glycerol or (meth)acrylate glycerol to improve the washability of the compositions in aqueous solutions. The compositions may contain other compounds to effect the curing characteristics of the sealants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copolymers for applications in medicine and biotechnology and preparation thereof. Copolymers comprises polyvalent N-Acetyl Glucosamine(NAG) in polyvalent form and bind more efficiently to lysozyme than NAG itself. The copolymers exhibit effective inhibition even at very low ligand concentrations. The copolymers could be used for prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, these copolymers form are stimuli sensitive polymers and can be used for the recovery of biomolecules. The methodology can be extended to other ligands such as sialic acid and used for preventing influenza and/or rotavirus infections. It also provides a method for the synthesis of copolymers wherein polymers comprising sequences of specific ligands are required.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cross-linker monomer of formula 1, a photoresist polymer derived from a monomer comprising the same, and a photoresist composition comprising the photoresist polymer. The cross-linking unit of the photoresist polymer can be hydrolyzed (or degraded or broken) by an acid generated from a photoacid generator on the exposed region. It is believed that this acid degradation of the cross-linking unit increases the contrast ratio between the exposed region and the unexposed region. The photoresist composition of the present invention has improved pattern profile, enhanced adhesiveness, excellent resolution, sensitivity, durability and reproducibility. where A, B, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and k are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention is directed, in part, to improved polymer compositions and processes for preparing same. Specifically, in one embodiment, there is provided a process for preparing a polymer, wherein the process comprises: providing a reaction mixture comprising a portion of at least one polar monomer and at least one multivalent cation; adding the remaining portion of the polar monomer to the reaction mixture; and polymerizing the monomer to form the polymer. In certain embodiments, the reaction mixture in the providing step comprises at least two molar equivalents or greater of the total amount of polar monomer with respect to one molar equivalent of multivalent cation.

Abstract: The present invention provides photoresist monomers, photoresist polymers derived from the same, processes for producing such photoresist polymers, photoresist compositions comprising such polymers, and processes for producing a photoresist pattern using such photoresist compositions. In particular, photoresist monomers of the present invention comprise a moiety of Formula 4: where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are those defined herein. Photoresist polymers of the present invention have a relatively high etching resistance, and therefore are useful in a thin resist process and a bilayer photoresist process. Moreover, photoresist polymers of the present invention have a high contrast ratio between an exposed region and a non-exposed region.

Abstract: Photoresist monomers of following Formula 1, photoresist polymers thereof, and photoresist compositions containing the same. The photoresist composition has excellent etching resistance, heat resistance and adhesiveness to a wafer, and is developable in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution. In addition, the photoresist composition has low light absorbance at 157 nm wavelength, and thus is suitable for a photolithography process using ultraviolet light sources such as VUV (157 nm) in fabricating a minute circuit for a high integration semiconductor device. wherein, X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, l and m are as defined in the specification of the invention.

Abstract: An organic anti-reflective material, in particular one which prevents back reflection from the surface of or lower layers in the semiconductor device and eliminates the standing waves and reflective notching due to the optical properties of lower layers on the wafer, and due to the changes in the thickness of the photosensitive film applied thereon. The organic anti-reflective polymer is useful for forming ultrafine patterns of 64M, 256M, 1G, and 4G DRAM semiconductor devices. A composition containing such an organic anti-reflective polymer, and an anti-reflective coating formed therefrom and a preparation method thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymer blend is provided for use in a lithographic photoresist composition, particularly a chemical amplification photoresist. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer blend is substantially transparent to deep ultraviolet radiation, i.e., radiation of a wavelength less than 250 nm, including wavelengths of 157 nm, 193 nm and 248 nm, and has improved sensitivity and resolution. Processes for preparing and using the polymer blend are also provided, as are lithographic photoresist compositions that contain the polymer blend.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for the preparation of polymeric absorbents useful for gelling organic liquids. The process comprises mixing one or more monomers with a cross-linking agent, a free radical initiator, an optional solvent, optionally in the presence of a transition metal source and subjecting the mixture so obtained to a conventional polymerisation method. The polymer is removed, crushed to obtain polymer powder, washed with solvent and dried by conventional methods to remove unreacted monomers, followed by swelling in alcohols to obtain the desired product.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyacrylates, characterized in that the monomer mixture for preparing the polyacrylates is composed of at least 70% by weight of at least one acrylic monomer of the general formula where R1 is H or CH3 and R2 is H or an alkyl chain having 1-20 carbon atoms, the monomers are polymerized in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator by free-radical polymerization with at least one thioester as polymerization regulator, the average molecular weight of the polyacrylates is in the range from 250,000 g/mol to 1,000,000 g/mol, and the molecular weight distribution of the polyacrylates, Mw/Mn, is <4.