Abstract: Unsaturated polyester compositions are disclosed that are obtainable by reacting: (i) plant and animal oil triglycerides, an alkyl ester of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid or mixtures thereof; (ii) a difunctional, or polyfunctional glycol or mixtures thereof; (iii) a difunctional or polyfunctional acid, their anhydrides or alkyl esters and mixtures thereof; (iv) a strained cycloolefin; (v) a component(s) that function as a compound capable of initiating polymerization at high temperature and which is stable at room temperature; and (vi) low profile additives, fillers and reinforcements. Also disclosed are methods for the preparation of the polyesters and the use of the polyesters in closed and open mold compositions such as sheet molding compounding (SMC), bulk molding compounding (BMC), resin transfer molding (RTM), pultrusion, infusion, filament winding, and spray up.

Abstract: An anti-reflective coating film is formed by applying on a chemically amplified photoresist film an anti-reflective coating composition comprising an alkali-soluble fluorine-containing polymer, an acid, an amine and a solvent capable of dissolving these components and having a pH of 7 or less. The formed anti-reflective coating film can serve to prevent multiple reflections within the photoresist film, increase the amount of reduction in thickness of the photoresist film upon development with a developer after exposure, and form a pattern having a rectangular cross-sectional pattern and not having T-top or round top.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a high stereospecific (isotactic) polybutylene polymer comprising the step of polymerizing a reactive monomer, 1-butene, which is used or is not used as a solvent, in the presence of catalyst and inert gas. According to the present invention, it is possible to prepare a high stereospecific polybutylene polymer in much higher activity than that of any other known processes for the preparation of a high stereospecific polybutylene polymer. The high stereospecific polybutylene polymer according to the present invention is a homopolymer of 1-butene, or a copolymer containing a-olefin and up to 40% by weight of a comonomer, wherein titanium in the catalyst residues is not detected in the ppm level, stereospecificity (Isotactic Index, mmmm %) determined by 13C-NMR is 96 or more, molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is 3-6, and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) can be controlled to 8 or more.

Abstract: Zero VOC compositions are described and may include: one of vinyl ester solids, unsaturated polyester solids (e.g., isophthalic polyester, orthophthalic polyester, terephthalic polyester, and mixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof; polymerizable solids (e.g., a monomer, an oligomer, and mixtures thereof); and/or at least one photochemical catalyst. Zero VOC compositions may be produced by: heating polymerizable solids to a range of about 300° F. to about 500° F.; and adding one of vinyl ester solids, unsaturated polyester solids, and mixtures thereof. Additional steps may include reducing the heat to about 70° F. to about 100° F. and adding at least one photochemical catalyst and/or at least one additive. Zero VOC compositions may be curable without requiring evaporation of a VOC there from upon exposure to ultraviolet light and/or mixing with at least one thermal catalyst.

Abstract: Controlled architecture polymers made preferably with acrylamide type monomers are prepared in living-type or semi-living-type free radical polymerizations, with the architecture preferably being other than linear, such as star, branched, grafted or hyper-branched. The controlled architecture polymers have high weight average molecular weights and low viscosities, which make they particularly useful in replaceable capillary electrophoresis separation media for biological molecules, such as DNA fragments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing polymers comprising repeating units derived from at least one isoolefin monomer, at least one multiolefin monomer and optionally further copolymerization monomers in the presence of at least one organic nitro compound and AlCl3/water wherein the process is conducted in the absence of compounds selected from the group consisting of vanadium compounds, zirconium halogenid, and hafnium hallogenides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for alkylating cross-linked polymers containing N- or amino, ammonium or spiro-bicyclic ammonium groups. According to said method, the gelated polymers, obtained by polymerization and cross-linking, are a) optionally, deprotonated in water, an organic solvent or in a mixture of an organic solvent and water, by adding a base, b) optionally, washed once or more with water, an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and water, then c) one or more alkylators are added to the gel suspension which is stirred in water, an organic solvent or in a mixture of an organic solvent and water, at a temperature of between 5 and 160° C. at normal or increased pressure, with a base being added after a short mixing time and d) reprotonation is carried out using a mineral acid, optionally after one or more washing steps, resulting in the alkylated, cross-linked polymers containing N- or amino, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, accordingly.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for forming ionomers by treatment with ammonium carbonate of copolymers having a substantially fluorinated, but not perfluorinated, polyethylene backbone having pendant groups of fluoroalkoxy sulfonyl fluoride. Ionomers derived therefrom by ion exchange are useful in electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors, and modified electrodes.

Abstract: Process for the drying of polymers containing N or amino, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, comprising cationic N-containing groups, and suitable counterions, in which the gelled and washed polymers obtained by polymerization, crosslinkage and optionally alkylation are dried continuously using a gaseous medium under normal pressure or overpressure in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: A hardenable medical composition (preferably, dental composition) that includes an ionic redox polymerization system and at least one secondary ionic salt that includes a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1–C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A cationically polymerizable composition is provided, which comprises a cationically polymerizable compound, a cationic polymerization initiator, and a specific tertiary alkanolamine or tertiary alkylamine. The cationically polymerizable compound is preferably an alicyclic epoxy compound and an oxetane compound. The above amine accounts for 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of the total of the cationically polymerizable composition and the cationic polymerization initiator accounts for 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the cationically polymerizable compound. The composition is excellent in storage stability and dispersion stability of colorants contained therein.

Abstract: The present invention describes plastic materials and food additives that are free or substantially free from endocrine disruptive chemicals. The plastic materials may be used in products which are exposed to individuals in which endocrine disruptive activity is particularly disadvantageous, such as baby bottles, baby toys, food containers, medical containers, animal cages and medical products. The food additives may be used in food products that are ingested by individuals in which endocrine disruptive activity is particularly disadvantageous, such as newborns or the physically infirm. The present invention also describes a series of assays which, when performed in combination, provide a novel method for determining the presence of endocrine disruptive activity.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyolefin according to the present invention comprises (co) polymerizing one or two or more ?-olefins in a vapor phase in a fluidized-bed reactor, wherein the concentration of (A) a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon in the fluidized bed reactor is 1 mol % or more and at least one compound selected from (B) an aliphatic amide and (C) a nonionic surfactant constituted only of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms is made to exist in the reactor. The present invention can provide a process for producing a polyolefin, the process ensuring that the prevention of clogging caused by the generation of sheet or block polymers and a high efficiency of the production of a polyolefin due to good catalytic activity can be accomplished at the same time and also having superb continuous productivity.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for controlled free radical polymerization or copolymerization of vinyl chloride at a temperature between 40° C. and 95° C., at a pressure between 5 and 30 bar in the presence of a stable free nitroxyl radical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of functionalized telechelics based on vinyl polymers, the telechelics prepared in this way and their use in the plastics, fibers or coating sector.

Abstract: The use of concurrent reverse and normal initiation processes in an ATRP enables the use of highly active catalysts under “reverse ATRP” conditions and leads to the synthesis of well-defined polymers with low molecular weight distributions while employing much lower levels of the transition metal in the system. This dual activation/initiating system allows use of active catalysts that are added to the reaction in an oxidatively stable form. The benefits of this dual initiating system can be attained in bulk, solution and multi-phase ATRP processes, including emulsions, miniemulsions and polymerization from surfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers comprising at least 90 mol % of units derived from ethylene which consists in: contacting in polymerising conditions, the monomers with a catalytic system including: (a) a catalytic solid comprising a metallocene of a transition metal of groups 4 to 6 of the periodic table containing at least a cyclopentadiene ligand capable of being substituted and a support, (b) at least an organoaluminium compound selected among compounds of general formula (1): AlTx(Y′)yX′z wherein: T is a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Y′ is a group selected among —OR′, —SR′ and NR′R″ with R′ and R″ independently representing a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 carbons atoms; X′ is a halogen atom: x verifies the relationship 0<x≦3; y verifies the relationship 0≦y<3; z verifies the relationship 0≦2<3, and x+y+z=3, and (c) at least

Abstract: The invention relates to water-soluble homopolymers and copolymers, which comprise an EbC50 value according to the algae toxicity test of <i> Scenedesmus subspicatus</i> of grater than 10 mg/l. The invention also relates to the production and use of these polymers as flocculation aids or thickeners and as a constituent of a plant protective agent or of an erosion protective agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process to create without mechanical agitation a zone of low shear, low turbulence flow pattern within a continuous phase liquid contained in a vessel by a continuous or periodic injection of an inert, immiscible, low density fluid, preferably gas, into the liquid to form such a flow pattern, recovering the fluid above the free surface of the liquid and, preferably, reinjecting it into the liquid. The invention is particularly useful if the continuous liquid contains a dispersed phase which should be distributed within the continuous liquid without excessive particle agglomeration or breakups in order to largely preserve the initial particle size distribution, or if the initial particle size distribution needs to be modified by controlled breakups of the largest particles, particularly during the subsequent batch processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process to create without mechanical agitation a zone of low shear, low turbulence flow pattern within a continuous phase liquid contained in a vessel by a continuous or periodic injection of an inert, immiscible, low density fluid, preferably gas, into the liquid to form such a flow pattern, recovering the fluid above the free surface of the liquid and, preferably, reinjecting it into the liquid. The invention is particularly useful if the continuous liquid contains a dispersed phase which should be distributed within the continuous liquid without excessive particle agglomeration or breakups in order to largely preserve the initial particle size distribution, or if the initial particle size distribution needs to be modified by controlled breakups of the largest particles, particularly during the subsequent batch processing.

Abstract: Controlled architecture polymers made preferably with acrylamide type monomers are prepared in living-type or semi-living-type free radical polymerizations, with the architecture preferably being other than linear, such as star, branched, grafted or hyper-branched. The controlled architecture polymers have high weight average molecular weights and low viscosities, which make they particularly useful in replaceable capillary electrophoresis separation media for biological molecules, such as DNA fragments.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for forming ionomers by treatment with ammonium carbonate of copolymers having a substantially fluorinated, but not perfluorinated, polyethylene backbone having pendant groups of fluoroalkoxy sulfonyl fluoride. Ionomers derived therefrom by ion exchange are useful in electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors, and modified electrodes.

Abstract: New polyoxometalate compounds and polymers comprising recurring monomers of those compounds are provided. The compounds are formed by replacing at least one oxide of the starting polyoxometalate with an organoimido (NR) group bonded to the polyoxometalate via a triple bond to the nitrogen atom. The R of the (NR) group comprises a reactive functional group which renders the compound readily polymerizable, alone or with other monomers (e.g., divinylbenzene), to form the inventive polymers. Additionally, a countercation (e.g., bis(tetra-n-butylammonium)) can be mixed with the polyoxometalate compounds in order to neutralize the negative charge thereof as well as to make those compounds more soluble in organic solvents.

Abstract: Substituted cyclopentenes, such as alkyl cyclopentenes, are polymerized by selected &agr;-imine complexes of nickel and palladium. The polymers are useful as molding resins or elastomers. Also disclosed herein are novel catalysts for the polymerization of cyclopentenes to form novel higher melting homopolycyclopentenes.

Abstract: An ethylene-&agr;-olefin copolymer obtained by a gas phase polymerization method in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the copolymer satisfies the following conditions (A-1) to (A-4): (A-1) Melt flow rate (MFR): 0.3 to 5.0 g/10 minutes (A-2) Melt flow rate ratio (MFRR): 20 or more (A-3) Density (d): 0.910 to 0.930 g/cm3 (A-4) Coldxylene-soluble portion (CXS)(wt %) is in the range defined by the formula (1): 1.5×10−4×d−125×MFR0.5+0.3≧CXS  formula (1).

Abstract: Clearcoat coating composition for automotive exterior coatings with improved intercoat adhesion to a subsequently applied coating layer and improved flexibility contains (a) a first vinyl copolymer prepared from a monomer mixture including no more than about 35% by weight of nonfunctional monomers that has carbamate functionality and hydroxyl functionality, at least part of the hydroxyl functionality being on monomer units including an optionally branched alkyl group having at least about six carbon atoms; (b) a second vinyl copolymer having hydroxyl functionality, preferably primary hydroxyl functionality; and (c) a curing agent component that includes at least an aminoplast curing agent and optionally a polyisocyanate curing agent. The polyisocyanate curing agent is preferably blocked with a blocking agent that volatilizes during the cure reaction, regenerating a reactive isocyanate group.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a composition of vinyl compounds, comprising a) at least one polymerizable compound which has at least one O-vinyl group or one N-vinyl group, and b) at least one ammonium salt of the formula (I) where R is NH2, O− NH4+, C1-C18-alkyl, C6-C18-cycloalkyl, or C7-C18-alkylcycloalkyl. The invention further relates to the use of an ammonium salt of the formula (I) as additive to polymerizable compounds which have at least one O-vinyl group or one N-vinyl group, and also to a process for inhibiting premature polymerization of compositions which comprise polymerizable compounds which have at least one O-vinyl group or one N-vinyl group, which encompasses adding to the compositions an ammonium salt of the formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to (meth)acrylate compositions useful for bonding substrates including metals, plastics, and glass to similar or different substrates, in particular, low energy surfaces. The invention also provides an initiator system for (meth)acrylate based adhesives; a kit for bonding substrates, at least one of which includes a low energy surface; a resultant bonded assembly; and a method of bonding low energy substrates. A (meth)acrylate composition within the present invention includes a (meth)acrylate component and an initiator system including an organometallic compound, a peroxy compound, an aziridine functionalized compound, and a compound having an acid functional group.

Abstract: A cationically polymerizable composition is provided, which comprises a cationically polymerizable compound, a cationic polymerization initiator, and a specific tertiary alkanolamine or tertiary alkylamine. The cationically polymerizable compound is preferably an alicyclic epoxy compound and an oxetane compound. The above amine accounts for 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of the total of the cationically polymerizable composition and the cationic polymerization initiator accounts for 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the cationically polymerizable compound. The composition is excellent in storage stability and dispersion stability of colorants contained therein.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing a first generation polymer comprising a step which consists in radical polymerization of a composition containing: at least an ethylenically unsaturated monomer a free radical source, and at least a disulfide compound.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyolefin according to the present invention comprises (co) polymerizing one or two or more &agr;-olefins in a vapor phase in a fluidized-bed reactor, wherein the concentration of (A) a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon in the fluidized bed reactor is 1 mol % or more and at least one compound selected from (B) an aliphatic amide and (C) a nonionic surfactant constituted only of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms is made to exist in the reactor. The present invention can provide a process for producing a polyolefin, the process ensuring that the prevention of clogging caused by the generation of sheet or block polymers and a high efficiency of the production of a polyolefin due to good catalytic activity can be accomplished at the same time and also having superb continuous productivity.

Abstract: A high-molecular-weight monoallylamine polymer aqueous solution containing a monoallylamine polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 180,000 is prepared by polymerizing a monoallylamine sulfate in an aqueous medium in the presence of a specific radical polymerization initiator, and thereby providing the above high-molecular-weight monoallylamine polymer in an aqueous solution. High-molecular-weight monoallylamine polymer for various uses can be efficiently prepared.

Abstract: A non-aqueous, heterogeneous polymerization process comprises heating a reaction mixture of about 5-70%, preferably 10-50%, by weight, of a vinyl amide monomer in an oil as solvent, and a water-soluble cosolvent, and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or a surfactant, wherein the oil solvent is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant polymer in a stirrable state throughout the polymerization. The polymer reaction product is capable of forming a uniform emulsion or gel upon addition of water thereto.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of a graft copolymer or acrylate polymer blend in the presence of at least one liquid diluent comprising the steps of (1) providing a reaction mixture of at least one A monomer consisting of a monomeric (meth)acrylic acid ester of a non-tertiary alcohol in admixture with at least one liquid diluent which is non-reactive under conditions of free radical polymerization employed, optionally at least one B monomer different from said A monomer, optionally at least one polymeric graft moiety C having a Tg greater than 20° C.

Abstract: Nitroxides having an alpha-carbon atom with a destabilizing moiety are effective control agents for emulsion and water-based polymerizations, including the formation of block copolymers from a wide range of monomers. The nitroxide radicals may be used as a free radical or as an adduct with a residue from the initiator. The emulsions have living characteristics, including the re-initiation of polymer chains. Also, a seeded process for emulsions, which includes the step-wise addition of monomer is disclosed, providing access to a wide range of initiator types.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymers is described, wherein at least one first ethylenically unsaturated monomer is subjected to a free radical polymerization in the presence of stable free radicals or sources of stable free radicals and of a compound having at least one free thiol group to give a polymer, and wherein the molar ratio of compound having a free thiol group to stable free radicals is from 0.05 to 1.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing a polymer, which comprises subjecting a monomer containing at least a polar unsaturated compound to anionic polymerization in the presence of a phosphazenium compound represented by the formula (1): (wherein Z− is an anion of an active hydrogen compound in the form where a proton is eliminated from the active hydrogen compound and transferred to the anion; a, b, c and d each represents 1 or 0, but all of them are not simultaneously 0; and R may the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and two R(s) on the same nitrogen atom are optionally combined each other to form a cyclic structure), or in the presence of the phosphazenium compound and the active hydrogen compound. The resulting polymer is characterized by narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymerizable biaryl derivatives comprises reacting an aromatic comprising a 6-membered ring which bears ester or benzylic OH groups in the 1,4 position with a second aromatic in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to give a biaryl and converting the ester or benzylic OH groups into polymerizable groups in one or more steps. The biaryls obtained are suitable for preparing polymers which are used as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: A vinylpyrrolidone polymer which is little colored, gives off a bad smell little, and contains extremely little impurities is provided. The polymerization is performed by adding a water-soluble organic peroxide and a sulfite to a vinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution.

Abstract: A vinylpyrrolidone polymer which is little colored, gives off a bad smell little, and contains extremely little impurities is provided. The polymerization is performed by adding a water-soluble organic peroxide and a sulfite to a vinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution.

Abstract: Controlled stable free radical emulsion polymerization processes employ nitroxide control agents having an alpha carbon atom bearing a destabilizing substituent such as hydrogen. The emulsion polymerizations have living characteristics, including the re-initiation of polymer chains, and provide a high degree of control over molecular weight, particle size, polydispersity and polymer composition and architecture. The processes are useful for the preparation of polymer emulsions, including block copolymers, star and graft copolymers, telechelics and macromonomers from a wide range of monomers.

Abstract: An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition which contains a high molecular weight polymer, is excellent in cohesive force and adhesive strength and can be prepared without using an organic solvent. The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is produced by a process which comprises radical-polymerizing monomers containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate using carbon dioxide as a diluent to thereby prepare a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing an acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more. The polymerization pressure ranges from, for example, about 5.7 to 40 MPa, AND the polymerization temperature ranges from, for example, about 20 to 100° C.

Abstract: Nitroxides having an alpha-carbon atom with a destabilizing moiety are effective control agents for emulsion and water-based polymerizations, including the formation of block copolymers from a wide range of monomers. The nitroxide radicals may be used as a free radical or as an adduct with a residue from the initiator. The emulsions have living characteristics, including the re-initiation of polymer chains. Also, a seeded process for emulsions, which includes the step-wise addition of monomer is disclosed, providing access to a wide range of initiator types.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the making of a copolymer of the general formula (I) wherein A is a residue of at least one (meth)acrylate monomeric species, B is a residue of at least one monomeric species copolymerizable with A, R is a (meth)acrylate functionalized pendant ester group, X1 and X2 are terminal groups which may be the same or different, n and p are both at least one and are chosen such that the copolymer has a number average molecular weight of more than 2000.

Abstract: Industrial plant streams and processes that contain reactive light olefins such as isoprene and butadiene are plagued with fouling problems due to premature polymerization resulting in significant economic loss. A combination of phenylenediamines with nitroxides is found to be synergistic in its ability to prevent this premature polymerization of reactive light olefins.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the making of a copolymer of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: Solid acids are used as catalysts for the polymerization of a feed stream containing at least one of pure monomer, C5 monomers, and C9 monomers to produce hydrocarbon resins. Freely-associated water may be removed from the solid acid catalyst prior to use. Resins with softening points (Ring and Ball) in the range of about 5° C. to 170° C. can be prepared. These catalysts offer advantages over the traditional Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts since the acid sites are an integral part of the solid. The solid acid catalysts are relatively nonhazardous, reusable catalysts which eliminate or at least reduce contamination of the resulting resin products with acid residues or by-products.

Abstract: A process for catalytic recovery in a phase transfer process wherein heterogeneous reactions in a liquid-liquid two phase reaction systems using a phase transfer catalyst is improved by separating the two liquid phases with a membrane which retains the catalyst while passing the aqueous polar liquid thereby allowing easy recovery of the phase transfer catalyst. The reaction is carried out between reactants selectively soluble in the different phases, one of the reactants being transferred into the other phase by means of a phase transfer catalyst which is soluble in said polar liquid phase with the one reactant. The phases are separated after completion of the reactions by adding water to the two-phase reaction system to dissolve out the polar liquid phase containing the phase transfer catalyst into an aqueous phase.

Abstract: A novel process for the polymerization of olefins is provided. The process involves contacting at least one olefin with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst in the presence of dinitrogen monoxide in the production of polymeric products having a narrower molecular weight distribution. A process for narrowing molecular weight distribution of polyolefins utilizing dinitrogen monoxide is also provided.

Abstract: A vinyl polymer having a controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution is prepared by polymerizing a vinyl monomer using an organic halide polymerization initiator in the presence of a cuprous compound catalyst in a solvent containing an organic compound having a dielectric constant of at least 10 at 25° C., or by polymerizing a vinyl monomer using an organic halide polymerization initiator in the presence of a cuprous compound catalyst and also a specific 1,10-phenanthroline compound.