Abstract: A method for preparing a polymer, comprising the step of polymerizing a monomer of the formula ##STR1## in the presence of a specific initiator containing at least one amino subotituent and one aromatic substituent on a phosphorus atom.

Abstract: A non-crosslinked polymer having pendant zwitterionic groups and pendant functional groups can be coated from a coating composition onto a surface having pendant coreactive functional groups and, after coating, may be cured so that covalent bonds are formed between the coreactive functional groups on the polymer and the surface. Alternatively the polymer can be crosslinked after coating, by formation of covalent intermolecular cross-links between coreactive pendant functional groups on the polymer. The zwitterionic pendant groups preferably have, as the anion, a phosphate ester group, and as the cation, a quaternary ammonium group. The polymer coating is stable and provides improved biocompatibility, especially haemocompatibility.

Abstract: Polymers of one or more radical polymerisable monomers which polymer has pendant groups bearing a centre of permanent positive charge and other pendant groups capable of stably binding the polymer to a surface are useful in the treatment of surfaces to render them biocompatible. The polymers may contain pendant groups which bind the polymer to a surface by physisorption, covalent bonding or ionic interactions. Additionally reactive groups in the polymer may serve as points for attachment of ligands to the polymer when coated on a surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a water swellable, water-insoluble polymer comprising units derived from a diallylic quaternary ammonium salt monomer cross-linked by a suitable polyfunctional vinyl compound, at least a substantial proportion of the function groups being in basic form. The invention also provides a process for the production of a water-swellable, water-insoluble polymer which comprises polymerising a diallylic quaternary ammonium salt monomer and a suitable polyfunctional vinyl compound as cross-linking agent by cationic polymerisation in an aqueous phase using a free radical catalyst and polymers obtainable thereby. The water absorbent polymers are superabsorbents having improved water absorption properties particularly in respect of saliva solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dental coating composition comprising a polymer which has in its molecule one or more phosphorus series acid residues selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid and halides and salts thereof and has a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 5,000,000, and water or a lower alcohol. The composition is a dental coating agent which does not easily peel off when drinking or eating, can be removed easily if necessary and does not have a safety problem.

Abstract: A high molecular material and a medical material which is a mixed material containing a copolymer A produced by copolymerization of a monomer composition containing a monomer having a side chain represented by the formula (1) ##STR1## (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 ; H or a C1-4 alkyl group) and a hydrophobic monomer, and one or more sorts of hydrophobic polymer B other than the copolymer A; wherein structure of said mixed material shows phase separation in which domains of several hundred micrometers or less in size consisting of the copolymer A are uniformly distributed in a phase consisting of said hydrophobic polymer B. A liquid high molecular composition in which the copolymer A and the hydrophobic polymer B are dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent and a lower alcohol solvent, which has turbidity of 60% or less.

Abstract: The invention provides dental cement compositions and methods of using them for binding hard tooth material, metal and ceramic. The cement compositions include shelf stable complexes of ethylenically unsaturated monomers reacted with cations. The cements have superior adhesion to tooth without separately acid etching dentin or enamel.

Abstract: A storage solution for a hydrogel contact lens comprising a material having polar groups at one end and non-polar groups at the other end. The storage solution desirably further contains an oil. The material comprising polar and non-polar groups modifies the surface properties of the lens and facilitating the formation of a lipid layer over the lens.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluoride releasing dental primer composition which includes a polymerizable acrylic compound, a light activated catalyst, and an organic amino hydrofluoride. This fluoride releasing dental primer composition is used by applying it to dentin and illuminating it with visible light to polymerize the polymerizable acrylic compound. The invention provides a method of priming dentin by applying a fluoride releasing dental primer composition. The fluoride releasing dental primer composition has a polymerizable acrylic compound, a light activated catalyst, and an organic amino hydrofluoride having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms. The polymerizable acrylic compound is adapted to polymerize to form polymeric material. The organic amino hydrofluoride is adapted to leach from the polymeric material, chelate to dentin and release fluoride.

Abstract: A dental composition which comprises (A) a phosphoric acid group-containing monomer, (B) a carboxylic acid groups-containing monomer and (C) water as main components in amounts of 0.5 to 50% by weight, 1 to 50% by weight and 5 to 90% by weight, based on the composition, respectively; and a dental adhesive kit comprising a dental primer composition containing the monomer (A) and water and an adhesive containing a carboxylic acid-containing polyfunctional monomer and a polymerizable initiator.

Abstract: A multiple-part dental adhesive primer composition is provided in at least two parts, A and B. Part A comprises an acidic polymerizable compound and a polymerizable diluent. This part is selected such that if water is present the pH of Part A is greater than about 2. Part B comprises an acidic material such that the pH of Part B is below about 2. Methods of bonding substrates are also described.

Abstract: A composition and a process for using the composition for applications in a subterranean formation are provided. The composition comprises a clay, a polymer, and a liquid. The polymer comprises repeat units derived from a nitrogen-containing olefinic monomer and optionally an olefinic comonomer. The composition can be used as or in drilling fluids, workover fluids, completion fluids, or combinations of any two or more thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a mixture which comprises:a) 1-5 weight % (wt. %) of phosphoric acid;b) 10-90 wt. % of phosphoric acid mono- or di- methacrylates;c) 1-15 wt. % of phosphoric acid trimethacrylates; andd) 3-50 wt. % of diphosphates having between two and four methacrylate ester groups;for the preparation of a composition for preparing a tooth surface for joining with a dental composite material. Using the composition according to the invention, a tooth cavity can be prepared in one step for laying a composite filling. A very high adhesive strength is achieved between the tooth matter and the composite material.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol is provided containing structural units of the following formula (I) at a molar fraction of 0.05-0.50 and the structural units of the following formula (II) at a molar fraction of 0.0001 to 0.50; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X are as desribed herein, and its use in preparation of gels, particularly hydrogels, effective for use in wound dressing materials.

Abstract: Polymers of one or more radical polymerisable monomers which polymer has pendant groups bearing a centre of permanent positive charge and other pendant groups capable of stably binding the polymer to a surface are useful in the treatment of surfaces to render them biocompatible. The polymers may contain pendant groups which bind the polymer to a surface by physisorption, covalent bonding or ionic interactions. Additionally reactive groups in the polymer may serve as points for attachment of ligands to the polymer when coated on a surface.

Abstract: A dental composition containing an acid such as maleic acid, phosphoric acid or citric acid; an organosulfonate and/or an organosulfinate such as an acid group-containing (meth)acrylate monomer having in the molecules thereof a carboxyl group or a phosphoric acid group, a sodium benzenesulfonate or a sodium p-toluenesulfinate; a water-soluble organic solvent such as ethanol or propanol; and the water: but without substantially containing any polymerizable monomer except the above acid group-containing (meth)acrylate monomer, or further containing a hydroxy- or a dihydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer. For adhesion of a dental filling material to teeth, the composition of the invention is used as a pre-treatment agent on teeth prior to applying an adhesive. This makes it possible to treat enamel and dentin simultaneously and to accomplish strong adhesive strength to both of them.

Abstract: A metal surface treatment agent is disclosed, comprising: (a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of a polymerizable monomer containing a thiophosphoric acid chloride group therein and (b) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of a polymerizable monomer containing a phosphoric acid ester group therein, and optionally, (c) from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a polymerization initiator dissolved in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Polymers of one or more radical polymerisable monomers which polymer has pendant groups bearing a center of permanent positive charge and other pendant groups capable of stably binding the polymer to a surface are useful in the treatment of surfaces to render them biocompatible. The polymers may contain pendant groups which bind the polymer to a surface by physisorption, covalent bonding or ionic interactions. Additionally reactive groups in the polymer may serve as points for attachment of ligands to the polymer when coated on a surface.

Abstract: New materials having improved biocompatibility have novel zwitterionic groups at the surface. The zwitterion is characterized by having at least one monovalent substituent at the atom carrying the cationic charge which is an aryl group. Preferably the atom carries at least two, and preferably three such aryl, usually phenyl, groups. The cationic group is preferably a triphenylphosphonium. Treatment of surfaces to provide pendant zwitterionic groups of the specified type have reduced platelet activation, whilst they do not appear to reduce platelet adhesion. The invention has utility in the field of blood contacting device, especially devices for implantation, such as vascular grafts.

Abstract: A polymer obtained by polymerizing a fumaric acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and A denotes a radical of ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent each an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and may be identical with or different from each other, R.sup.4 denotes an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a benzyl group and m and n denote each an integer of 1-6.

Abstract: The biocompatibility of various polymers is improved by blending with them a polymer including a zwitterionic group. The zwitterionic group is usually an ammonium phosphate ester zwitterionic group and the polymer containing it may be produced by the free radical polymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated monomers including a monomer bearing the zwitterionic group. Blending of the two polymers may be achieved by dry blending particulate polymers or by mixing the polymers in liquid dispersion or solution followed by removal of the liquid medium. The fibrinogen absorption and/or platelet activation of polymers may be reduced to a value of less than 80% or even less than 60% of the base polymer by introducing amounts of more than 10% or mare than 30% of the zwitterionic group containing polymer. Preferred blends are of copolymers of 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)-2'-(trimethylammonium)ethyl phosphate inner salt with higher alkyl (meth) acrylate, blended with olefin polymers and/or with rubber latices.

Abstract: A water-soluble polymer and a process for using the polymer for applications in a subterranean formation are provided. The polymer comprises repeat units derived from a nitrogen-containing olefinic monomer and optionally an olefinic comonomer. The polymer can be used in drilling fluids, workover fluids, completion fluids, permeability corrections, water or gas coning prevention, fluid loss prevention, matrix acidizing, fracture acidizing, and combinations of any two or more thereof.

Abstract: Polymers of one or more radical polymerisable monomers which polymer has pendant groups bearing a center of permanent positive charge and other pendant groups capable of stably binding the polymer to a surface are useful in the treatment of surfaces to render them biocompatible. The polymers may contain pendant groups which bind the polymer to a surface by physisorption, covalent bonding or ionic interactions. Additionally reactive groups in the polymer may serve as points for attachment of ligands to the polymer when coated on a surface.

Abstract: Method for avoiding network defects due to unwanted secondary reactions during the polymerization in water-swellable hydrophilic polymers which contain polymers prepared by free radical (co)polymerization of one or more hydrophilic monomers of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,R.sup.2 is the group --COOR.sup.4, the sulphonyl group, the phosphonyl group, the phosphonyl group-esterified by (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkanol or a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or the carboxyl group, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, amino or hydroxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl andR.sup.5 is the sulphonyl group, the phosphonyl group or the carboxyl group, or grafting (co)polymerization of one or more hydrophilic monomers of the formula I onto a grafting base, using a free radical initiator which forms three or more free radical sites per molecule.

Abstract: Polymers of one or more radical polymerizable monomers which polymer has pendant groups bearing a center of permanent positive charge and other pendant groups capable of stably binding the polymer to a surface are useful in the treatment of surfaces to render them biocompatible. The polymers may contain pendant groups which bind the polymer to a surface by physisorption, covalent bonding or ionic interactions. Additionally reactive groups in the polymer may serve as points for attachment of ligands to the polymer when coated on a surface.

Abstract: Novel polyacrylic acid resins are prepared by polymerizing a monomer selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCOX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCOX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 COX, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 COX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCSO.sub.v X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCSO.sub.v X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CSO.sub.v X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CSO.sub.v X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCON(R.sup.3).sub.2, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCON(R.sup.3).sub.2, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CON(R.sup.3).sub.2, OR HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CON(R.sup.3).sub.2, or a combination thereof, in the presence of at least 10% by weight of reaction components of an aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt, wherein:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, aralkyl or alkaryl moiety of C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ;R.sup.

Abstract: Phosphonic telomer intermediates for preparing the telomers of U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,731 may be produced by an aqueous process comprising (a) reacting hypophosphorous acid with a carbonyl compound which is preferably an aldehyde, a ketone or an imine, and (b) reacting the product of (a) with an olefinic reactant or reactants in the presence of a suitable initiator especially a free radical initiator. The telomer intermediates are themselves useful as scale inhibitors in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Water-swellable hydrophilic polymers which contain polymers prepared by free radical (co)polymerization of one or more hydrophilic monomers of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,R.sup.2 is the group --COOR.sup.4, the sulphonyl group, the phosphonyl group, the phosphonyl group esterified by (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkanol or a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or the carboxyl group, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, amino or hydroxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl andR.sup.5 is the sulphonyl group, the phosphonyl group or the carboxyl group, or grafting (co)polymerization of one or more hydrophilic monomers of the formula I onto a grafting base, using a free radical initiator which forms three or more free radical sites per molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical filter comprising: a resin material obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula (I) and a monomer copolymerizable therewith; and a metallic compound mainly composed of a copper compound;PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-n (I)wherein R represents ##STR1## (wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 5), and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A composition which comprises a water-polymer and a process for using the polymer to absorb a fluid are disclosed. The water-insoluble polymer comprises repeate units derived from: (a) an ampholytic monomer which is a polymerizable vinylic amine-containing monomer and an acid having an ethylenic moiety; (b) at least one olefinic comonomer; and optionally, (c) one crosslinking agent which has at least two polymerizable olefinic functionalities wherein the olefinic functionalities are suitable for crosslinking.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of manufacturing phosphoric acid-type chelate resins as uranyl ion adsorbents having enhanced chelation and re-utilizing ability by introducing plenty of phosphoric acid groups both on main- and side-chain of the copolymer skeleton. The resin is prepared by both the radical suspension copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene, divinylbenzene, and bis-(2-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate and the additional introduction of phosphono group onto the copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical filter comprising: a resin material obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula (I) and a monomer copolymerizable therewith; and a metallic compound mainly composed of a copper compound;PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-n (I)wherein R represents ##STR1## (wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 5), and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A highly hydrous soft contact lens comprising a copolymer which contains as an ingredient a monomer having constitution similar to that of phospholipid represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## n is an integer of 1-20, and, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different groups and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms.Further, a treating solution for contact lenses which comprises a polymer containing as an ingredient the above monomer and a solvent which can dissolve the polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of manufacturing phosphoric acid-type chelate resins as uranyl ion adsorbents having enhanced chelation and re-utilizing ability by introducing plenty of phosphoric acid groups both on main- and side-chain of the copolymer skeleton. The resin is prepared by both the radical suspension copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene, divinylbenzene, and bis-(2-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate and the additional introduction of phosphono group onto the copolymer.

Abstract: Halogen-free flameproofed thermoplastic molding materials based on polyphenylene ethers and polystyrene containing, as essential components,A) from 5 to 92% by weight of one or more polyphenylene ethers,B) from 5 to 92% by weight of a vinylaromatic polymer andC) from 3 to 25% by weight of a flameproofing agent based onC1) from 20 to 100% by weight (based on the total amount of C) of a polymeric phosphorus compound which is obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing one or more compounds of the following structure: ##STR1## where ##STR2## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl,R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each alkylidene, cycloalkylidene, aralkylidene or arylidene,m, p, q, r, s, t, u and v are each 0 or 1,n is 0, 1 or 2,U is COO, O, S or NR.sup.9,V, W, X and Y are each O, S or NR.sup.9 andZ is O, S or NR.sup.10 R.sup.

Abstract: Novel ingestible polymeric phosphonium salts have the formula: ##STR1## wherein P' represents a cross-linked and non-digestible polymer backbone; R is a lower alkyl radical; X.sup.- is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; n, n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are, independently, integers varying from 0 to 6 inclusive, with the proviso that when m.sub.1 .gtoreq.1, n.sub.2 .gtoreq.1; and o.sub.1, o.sub.2, p.sub.1 p.sub.2, q.sub.1 and q.sub.2 are, independently, integers varying from 1 to 6 inclusive. The polymeric phosphonium salts of the invention are highly efficient sorbents for bile acids and salts and can thus be used for reducing hypercholesterolemia in affected humans.

Abstract: An improved solution polymerization process is provided wherein vinyl monomers are polymerized in the presence of at least one reactive modifier which is a substituted alpha-olefin that incorporates at least three ether groups, is hydrophilic, and has a molecular weight of at least about 200. The modified vinyl polymers so produced are characterized by various improved physical properties including, in particular, electrical characteristics such as antistatic capacity.

Abstract: This invention relates to new phosphorus-containing duromers of oligophosphites and epoxides or bisacrylates or unsaturated polyesters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-sensitive composition comprising specific photo-crosslinkable polymer compounds.The light-sensitive composition of the present invention exhibits excellent wear resistance when it is photo-hardened, and hence it can give lithographic printing plates capable of producing a lot of printed matter in good quality when it is used for presensitized plates for use in making lithographic printing plates.

Abstract: Compositions useful as absorbents for organic liquids are disclosed. A diamine or polyamine is reacted with a polymeric resin that contains phosphonic acid groups to produce the absorbent compositions of the invention. Because the polymeric resin component can be combined with the amine either before or after combination with the organic liquid, the absorbents of the invention can be used in many forms. The polymeric resin component can be processed into any desired form (shaped article, solution), and the di- or polyamine can then be added to generate the absorbent in situ. Unlike spent absorbent compositions of the prior art, those of the invention can be converted to pumpable liquids by heating or by adding a gel-breaking agent to liquify the gel. A useful absorbent is recovered from the liquid by precipitation or distillation.

Abstract: Organic esters of chlorine-containing or bromine-containing phosphorus acids and BIS-GMA, and organic esters of phosphorus acids having chlorine or bromine bonded directly to phosphorus (are described), the organic radical of said esters containing at least one polymerizable functional group. Also described are dental line, restorative, composite, and adhesive compositions containing such organic esters, as well as methods for using such compositions to repair or veneer dental tissue.

Abstract: A molding composition containing, based on the total weight of the composition:A) at least 40% by weight of at least one halogen-free polycarbonate;B) 5-40% by weight of at least one halogen-free graft copolymer composed of;1) 40-80% by weight of an elastomer with a glass transition temperature below 0.degree. C., which elastomer is composed of, at least 50% by weight of a diene or of an at least C.sub.4 -alkyl acrylate, 1-40% by weight of a halogen-free phosphorus compound of the formula ##STR1## 2) 20-60% by weight of a shell composed of, 40-98% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-60% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride;C) 5-40% by weight of a halogen-free thermoplastic copolymer composed of, 50-95% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Epoxy functional copolymers of a higher .alpha.-olefin, and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid ester formed by copolymerization of olefin, acid ester and ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl compound can be used to form nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and/or sulfur-containing lubricant additives by reaction of the epoxy functionality in such a copolymer with glycidyl-reactive compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and/or sulfur atoms. Alternatively, the copolymerization reaction can utilize the olefin, unsaturated acid ester, and an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing the nitrogen, phosphorus and/or sulfur atom, which compound is formed by reaction of ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl compound and an epoxy-reactive nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: Compositions useful as absorbents for organic liquids are disclosed. A diamine or polyamine is reacted with a polymeric resin that contains phosphonic acid groups to produce the absorbent compositions of the invention. Because the polymeric resin component can be combined with the amine either before or after combination with the organic liquid, the absorbents of the invention can be used in many forms. The polymeric resin component can be processed into any desired form (shaped article, solution), and the di- or polyamine can then be added to generate the absorbent in situ. Unlike spent absorbent compositions of the prior art, those of the invention can be converted to pumpable liquids by heating or by adding a gel-breaking agent to liquify the gel. A useful absorbent is recovered from the liquid by precipitation or distillation.

Abstract: An optical article is disclosed comprised of an organic layer unit exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 esu and means for providing an optical input to and an optical output from the layer unit. The organic layer unit exhibits a transmission attenuation of less than 2 dB/cm and is comprised of a Y type Langmuir-Blodgett assembly having superimposed oriented monomolecular layers of first and second polymeric amphiphiles each containing repeating units comprised of a hydrophilic moiety and a lipophilic moiety. Repeating units of one or both of the first and second amphiphiles each contain an organic molecular dipole, and repeating units of one or both of the first and second amphiphiles each contains a branched lipophilic moiety of up to 9 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A composition of a superabsorbent polymer and a process for using the polymer to absorb an aqueous electrolyte solution are disclosed.

Abstract: Nonrandom ionomers of ethylene and an ionic functional comonomer, such as zinc-2-ethylhexylmaleate, are prepared in a one-step, inverse micellar copolymerization process comprising contacting under copolymerization conditions ethylene and the comonomer in a manner such that the comonomer forms an inverse micelle within the ethylene. The comonomer is at least 20% neutralized, preferably 100% neutralized. The ionomers of this invention exhibit properties similar to nonrandom ionomers made by the traditional two-step process of copolymerizing ethylene and an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and then neutralizing the product with metal ions.

Abstract: A positive type photosensitive resinous composition comprising a binder resin and a quinone diazide compound, the binder resin being a copolymer of(a) at least one phosphoric acid ester monomer represented by the formula: ##STR1## (b) at least one acid group containing .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and(c) other copolymerizable .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomers than (a) and (b), which is specifically useful for the formation of resist coating in the preparation of printed circuit board.

Abstract: A flame retardant molding composition contains a halogen-free polycarbonate at least one halogen-free graft copolymer assembled from copolymerized units of an elastomer and certain ethylenically unsaturated monomers which include 1-50% by weight of an organic phosphorus compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## a halogen-free thermoplastic copolymer comprising styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate, and (meth)acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride, as well as 1-46% by weight of a halogen-free phosphorus compound of the formula (I): Optionally a monophosphate additive and up to 5% by weight of a polytetrafluoroethylene with a median particle size of from 0.05 to 20 .mu.m may be added.