Abstract: (1) A methacrylic ester or an acrylic ester is anionically polymerized, using a polymerization initiator compound comprising an addition reaction product of a conjugated diene compound and an organic alkali metal compound, in the presence of a tertiary organoaluminum compound having in the molecule thereof a chemical structure represented by a formula: Al—O—Ar wherein Ar represents an aromatic ring; or (2) a methacrylic ester or an acrylic ester is anionically polymerized, using a polymerization initiator compound comprising an addition reaction product of an organic alkali metal compound and a compound having a 1,1-diaryl-1-alkene structure, by adding the ester in the form of a mixture with the above-mentioned specific tertiary organoaluminum compound to the polymerization system.

Abstract: Copolymers of at least three monomer units selected from the group consisting of fluorinated acrylic (methacrylic) monomers, triorganosilylacrylic (e.g. trimethylsilyl methacrylate) monomers and acrylic monomers not containing an organosilyl moiety, (e.g. methyl methacrylate) and optionally containing from 0-5 weight percent of a cross-linking agent are novel compositions useful as polymeric binders in long life marine antifoulant coatings.

Abstract: A novel one-pot cost efficient process for the preparation of homo-, co- and terpolymers of p-hydroxystyrene or substituted p-hydroxystyrene and alkyl acrylates. The process involves polymerization of esters of p-hydroxystyrene (or its substituted analogs), alkyl acrylate monomers and/or one or more of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an alcohol solvent in the presence of a free radical initiator. The reaction mixture containing the so formed polymer is subjected to transesterification conditions using a catalytic amount of catalyst to result in co- and/or terpolymers of p-hydroxystyrene without cleavage of the alkyl ester in the acrylate repeat unit, and then removing the catalyst from the system. Preferred embodiments include homopolymers of p-hydroxystyrene, copolymer of p-hydroxystyrene and tert-butyl acrylate and terpolymer of p-hydroxystyrene, tert-butyl acrylate and styrene. These polymers have a wide variety of applications including as photoresists in microelectronics industry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoplastic styrenic resin composition comprises a styrenic copolymer comprising 15-100 parts by weight of a unit derived from a styrenic monomer (i-1), 0-45 parts by weight of a unit derived from a vinyl cyanide monomer (i-2), 0-40 parts by weight of a unit derived from a copolymerizable vinyl monomer (i-3) other than the above monomers, and 0.0005-1.0 parts by weight of a unit derived from a polyfunctional maleimide monomer, all based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of (i-1) to (i-3). The thermoplastic styrenic resin composition manufactured in the present invention is excellent in processability. The rubber modified thermoplastic styrenic resin composition of the present invention gives a good heat stability, impact strength, fluidity and other mechanical properties. In addition, it also gives a uniform wall thickness, and the gloss on the surface of injected products after painting process is excellent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer for use in a chemically amplified resist, a resist composition including such a polymer is suitable for use in a chemically amplified resist, which is sensitive to KrF or ArF excimer laser and forms a photoresist pattern having low dependence on and good adhesion to substrate, high transparency in the wavelength range of the above radiation, strong resistance to dry etching, and excellencies in sensitivity, resolution and developability. The resist composition can have a stronger etching resistance with a maximized content of unsaturated aliphatic ring in the polymer and a reduced edge roughness of the photoresist pattern with an alkoxyalkyl acrylate monomer employed.

Abstract: A catalyst system useful to polymerize and co-polymerize polar and non-polar olefin monomers is formed by in situ reduction with a reducing agent of a catalyst precursor comprising {Cp*MRR′n}+{A}− wherein Cp* is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety; M is an early transition metal; R is a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl; R′ are independently selected from hydride, C1-C20 hydrocarbyl, SiR″3, NR″2, OR″, SR″, GeR″3, SnR″3, and C═C-containing groups (R″=C1-C10 hydrocarbyl); n is an integer selected to balance the oxidation state of M; and A is a suitable non-coordinating anionic cocatalyst or precursor. This catalyst system may form stereoregular olefin polymers including syndiotactic polymers of styrene and methylmethacrylate and isotactic copolymers of polar and nonpolar olefin monomers such as methylmethacrylate and styrene.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improvement in a process for preparing an aqueous emulsion of pressure-sensitive adhesive based upon acrylic esters having a good balance of adhesive and cohesive properties and to the resulting emulsion. In the basic process, a pressure-sensitive adhesive formulation comprised of at least one ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid is polymerized in the presence of water and an emulsifier thereby forming an emulsion polymerized pressure-sensitive adhesive. The improvement resides in effecting the polymerization of the pressure-sensitive adhesive formulation comprised of at least one ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in the presence of from 5 to 30 percent by weight of a styrene containing polymer containing at least 80 percent by weight styrene.

Abstract: A primer useful in the preparation of an anti-fouling surface contains (I) a copolymer formed from acrylates, free carboxyl group containing monomer and an aromatic sulfonic acid or salt, an acrylic polymeric resin and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to an economical method of making a polymer having reduced VOCs and coating compositions containing such polymers. In one embodiment, the method of invention requires providing a reactant mixture (a), providing a solvent mixture (b) comprising a reactive component (c) which is substantially free of any heteroatoms and is not a crystalline solid at room temperature and comprises (i) from 12 to 72 carbon atoms, and (ii) at least two functional groups, and subjecting the reactant mixture (a) in the solvent mixture (b) to polymerization conditions sufficient to polymerize reactant mixture (a) to provide a mixture (d) of a polymer (a′) in solvent mixture (b), wherein reactive component (c) under the polymerization conditions is substantially nonreactive: (1) with the components of reactive mixture (a), (2) in the polymerization of reactant mixture (a) and (3) with the polymer (a′).

Abstract: Alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymers comprising from about 10 to about 23 weight percent C3-C7 alkyl (meth) acrylate; from about 77 to about 90 weight percent C12-C14 alkyl (meth) acrylate(s); and from 0 to about 6 weight percent of at least one C6-C20 alkyl (meth) acrylate, which provide excellent low temperature properties and shear stability to lubricating oils. The preferred embodiment comprises butyl (meth) acrylate as the C3-C7 alkyl (meth) acrylate, and is essentially free from methyl (meth) acrylate.

Abstract: Viscosity index improvers, are disclosed, comprising oil-soluble copolymer (A) comprising units of 5-90% by weight of a monomer (a) represented by the general formula:

Abstract: A method of producing an organic-inorganic composite material formed from an organic polymer and a metal alkoxide, comprising the steps of polycondensating the metal alkoxide through hydrolysis until the unreacted metal alkoxide is reduced to 3 vol. % or less, and mixing it with the organic polymer to form the organic-inorganic composite material. By laminating such organic-inorganic composite materials, the resulting laminate is provided with a concentration gradation wherein the metal element of the metal alkoxide is increased or decreased from one side to the other side of the laminate.

Abstract: Preparing pigment preparations by mixing a dyestuff with a monomer and simultaneously polymerizing the monomers in an extruder at elevated temperatures, wherein the following steps are carried out: (A) introducing continuously into an extruder (a) from 40 to 90% by weight of a pigment, (b) from 60 to 10% by weight of a monomer or a monomer mixture, and (c) from 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for crosslinking copolymers of acrylic esters by converting some of the ester groups to ester or amide groups which contain unsaturation, and then sulfur or peroxide curing the resulting polymers. The resulting crosslinked polymers often have excellent vulcanizate properties, and are useful especially in elastomeric form as seals and gasket.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a polymer by a living radical polymerization method which is also applicable to the polymerization of a methacrylate monomer, and a methacrylate-based polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution which is produced by the above process. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for producing a methacrylate-based polymer by a atom transfer radical polymerization method in which a polymerizable monomer containing at least one methacrylate monomer is polymerized in the presence of a redox catalyst comprising a metal complex containing at least one transition metal as a central metal selected from the group consisting of elements of Groups 7 to 11 of the Periodic Table, using an organohalogen compound or a halogenated sulfonyl compound as a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A process for production of methacrylic copolymers, characterized by charging a monomer mixture comprising from 70 to 95% by weight of methyl methacrylate, from 0 to 15% by weight of &agr;-methylstyrene, from 0 to 20% by weight of styrene and from 2 to 15% by weight of maleic anhydride at a molar ratio of the sum of &agr;-methylstyrene and styrene to maleic anhydride laying within the range of 1.0 to 2.5 into a polymerizing vessel containing at least one polymeric membrane layer having an oxygen permeability of 1.5×10−13 (mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1) or below, sealing the polymerizing vessel, and polymerizing the monomer mixture under heating in a gas phase; a methacrylic copolymer obtained by the production process which is reduced yellowing and shows excellent transparency and heat resistance; and an optical element composed of the methacrylic copolymer.

Abstract: The invention describes a polymer with high transmission for UV rays, this transmission being preserved even after prolonged exposure to UV light (tanning lamps). The polymer is further characterized by a low residual monomer content (determined as methyl methacrylate).

Abstract: The invention is directed to amphipathic polymeric particles that serve as both the dispersant and the binder in water based inks, ink compositions containing these particles, and methods for making the particles. The polymeric particles contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties with a pre-determined structure, and have an average diameter of 50 to 500 nm. The amphipathic polymeric particles may be prepared by a side-chain conversion method or a polymerization process involving an ATRP step, with or without a cross-linking agent. This invention improves the stability of polymer and inks by both ionic and steric stabilization of the suspended polymer particles.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass photo-imageable compositions that include polymers of acrylate-type monomers and norbornene-type monomers. In some embodiments a catalyst system comprising a cationic or a neutral Pd(II) dimer component having the formula (Allyl)Pd(P(R21)3) or (L′)[(L)Pd(R)(X)]2, respectively is employed to effect polymerization. In other embodiments a free radical or living free radical catalyst is employed to effect polymerization. At least one of the acrylate-type monomers and norbornene-type monomers of the polymer embodiments of the present invention encompass an acid labile moiety. Some polymer embodiments of the present invention include more than one type of acrylate-type monomer and norbornene-type monomer. Embodiments of the present invention include forming a patterned layer on a substrate and some embodiments include transferring the patterned structure to a material layer first formed on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of preparing a (meth)acrylate functionalised polymer comprising the steps of mixing together a monofunctional vinylic monomer with from 0.3-100% w/w (based on monofunctional monomer) of a polyfunctional vinylic monomer and from 0.0001-50% w/w of a chain transfer agent, reacting said mixture to form a polymer and terminating the polymerisation reaction before 99% conversion. The resulting polymers are useful as components of surface coatings and inks, as moulding resins or in curable compounds, e.g. curable moulding resins or photoresists.

Abstract: New polyoxometalate compounds and polymers comprising recurring monomers of those compounds are provided. The compounds are formed by replacing at least one oxide of the starting polyoxometalate with an organoimido (NR) group bonded to the polyoxometalate via a triple bond to the nitrogen atom. The R of the (NR) group comprises a reactive functional group which renders the compound readily polymerizable, alone or with other monomers (e.g., divinylbenzene), to form the inventive polymers. Additionally, a countercation (e.g., bis(tetra-n-butylammonium)) can be mixed with the polyoxometalate compounds in order to neutralize the negative charge thereof as well as to make those compounds more soluble in organic solvents.

Abstract: An optical component in combination with an adhesive composition, wherein the adhesive composition comprises (A) a copolymer of a (meth)acrylic ester having a molecular weight of 500,000 to 200,000 and (E) a crosslinking agent comprising an adduct of a polyisocyanate comprising (a) isocyanate difunctional adducts of a diisocyanate with a diol and (b) adducts of a diisocyanate with a polyhydric alcohol, having an isocyanate functionality of three or greater, in a weight ratio of the amounts of (a) to (b) of 95:5 to 10:90. An adhesive sheet and an adhesive optical component comprising a layer of the adhesive composition. The adhesive composition exhibits excellent adhesion with adherents, and stress relaxation and follows changes in the dimensions of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of synthetic fibers from a melt mixture of fiber forming matrix polymers, wherein at least one second amorphous additive polymer, which is immiscible with the fiber forming matrix polymer, is added to the fiber forming matrix polymers in a quantity of 0.05-5 wt % (with reference to the total weight of fiber forming matrix polymer and the additive copolymer). The additive polymer is obtained by multiple initiation. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the synthetic fibers produced by the method.

Abstract: A reshapable hair styling composition comprising heterogeneous (meth)acrylic copolymer particles, said particles being the same or different and comprising at least one (meth)acrylic copolymer comprising: (a) units derived from at least one monomer chosen from (meth)acrylate esters of branched and straight chain alkyl alcohols, (b) units derived from at least one monomer chosen from (meth)acrylate esters of saturated and unsaturated cyclic alcohols containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, (c) optionally units derived from at least one monomer chosen from hydrophilic monomers, and (d) optionally units derived from at least one monomer other than (a), (b), and (c) monomers, wherein said composition provides a reshapable effect.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive based on block copolymers, said block copolymers having at least one unit composed of three successive polymer blocks, said three successive polymer blocks being chosen in alternation from the group of the polymer blocks P(A) and P(B), wherein P(A) represents a homopolymer or copolymer block obtainable from a component A which is composed of at least two monomers A1, A2, the polymer block P(A) having a softening temperature of from −80° C. to 0° C.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a hole transport polymer comprising a polymeric backbone having linked thereto a plurality of substituents comprising fused aromatic ring groups, with the proviso that the polymer does not contain groups selected from triarylamines and carbazole groups. It further relates to devices that are made with the polymer.

Abstract: Process for providing acrylic (co)polymers suitable for high solids coating applications, comprising the step of:

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film with a substantially non-crosslinked polymeric coating containing styrene and acrylate, wherein the coating is highly thermally stable with a primary onset temperature of greater than about 350C, having a glass transition temperature between about 0C and about 50C, having a solubility in a low molecular weight organic solvent, and having a surface energy of greater than about 35 dyne/cm and less than about 40 dyne/cm.

Abstract: This invention provides method of producing a polymer which comprises substitution of carboxylic acid group for a terminal halogen group of a polymer obtainable by atom transfer radical polymerization. The carboxylic acid group may be a carboxylic acid salt group, more preferably a carboxylic acid potassium salt group. In carrying out the atom transfer radical polymerization in the practice of the invention, a transition metal complex can be used as a polymerization catalyst. The transition metal complex may be a transition metal complex with an element of the group 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 of the periodic table as the central atom, more preferably a copper, nickel, ruthenium or iron complex and, in particular, a copper complex is used. The polymer obtainable by atom transfer radical polymerization is obtained by polymerization of a (meth)acrylic monomer, particularly the polymer obtained by polymerization of an acrylic acid ester monomer.

Abstract: A polymerisation process for the preparation of vinylic polymers from the corresponding vinylic monomers which process comprises the step of reacting a vinylic monomer in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a metal complex of general formula (I) where A is selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and the rare earth metals; L1, L2, L3 and L4 are ligands and b) a Lewis acid of general formula (II) wherein at least one of W, Y or Z is capable of forming a co-ordination bond with A and the others of W, Y and Z are bulky groups; D is selected from the group consisting of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and boron.

Abstract: This invention is directed to ophthalmic materials and ophthalmic lenses that are a co-polymerization product of a (a) hydrophilic monomer with (b) a tris(siloxy)silyl group-containing monomer, (c) a wide variety of hydrophobic monomers (both aliphatic and aromatic) and usually a (d) polyfluorinated monomer, as well as optional monomers or monomer mixtures that can include a cationic monomer, a non-aromatic hydrophobic monomer and a poly(dimethylsiloxy)silyl group-containing monomer. A contact lens prepared from such a co-polymer exhibits enhanced water content, while maintaining exceptional oxygen permeability, thereby providing a lens that can be worn comfortably for prolonged periods of time. A process for the preparation of such lenses is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for controlling the architecture of copolymers of at least two unsaturated monomers, made by free-radical polymerization in the presence of a cobalt-containing chain transfer agent, including the control of molecular weight, degree of branching and vinyl end group termination, by varying at least one of the variables of molar ratio of monomers, their relative chain transfer constants, polymerization temperature and degree of conversion and amount of cobalt chain transfer agent; and polymers made thereby.

Abstract: A primer composition comprising: (A) 100 parts by weight of a reactive acrylic resin comprising a main chain composed of a copolymer of two types of alkylmethacrylates having different number of carbon atoms and a side chain having a group with a hydroxyl group and at least one aromatic ring; (B) 100 to 500 parts by weight of a silane compound obtained by reaction of an aminosilane having two amino groups with dialkoxyepoxysilane and trialkoxyepoxysilane at a predetermined ratio; (C) 10 to 300 parts by weight of an epoxy resin of bisphenol A type having an epoxy equivalent of 1,000 to 2,000 g/eq.; and (D) 100 to 500 parts by weigh of carbon black is provided. The composition is excellent in storage stability and can retain excellent adhesion during the time from the coating of the primer until the coating of a sealant and further is excellent in weatherability.

Abstract: Branched polymers are prepared by mixing together monofunctional vinylic monomer with from 0.3 to 100% w/w of polyfunctional vinylic monomer and from 0.0001 to 50% w/w of chain transfer agent and thereafter reacting the mixture to form a polymer. The resulting branched polymers are soluble and may be used as component of surface coatings and inks as well as molding resins.

Abstract: (1) A methacrylic ester or an acrylic ester is anionically polymerized, using a polymerization initiator compound comprising an addition reaction product of a conjugated diene compound and an organic alkali metal compound, in the presence of a tertiary organoaluminum compound having in the molecule thereof a chemical structure represented by a formula: Al—O—Ar wherein Ar represents an aromatic ring; or (2) a methacrylic ester or an acrylic ester is anionically polymerized, using a polymerization initiator compound comprising an addition reaction product of an organic alkali metal compound and a compound having a 1,1-diaryl-1-alkene structure, by adding the ester in the form of a mixture with the above-mentioned specific tertiary organoaluminum compound to the polymerization system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to ion-sensitive, hard water dispersible polymers. The present invention is also directed to a method of making ion-sensitive, hard water dispersible polymers and their applicability as binder compositions. The present invention is further directed to fiber-containing fabrics and webs comprising ion-sensitive, hard water dispersible binder compositions and their applicability in water dispersible personal care products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a copolymer and a copolymer product of the method. The copolymer is prepared by a controlled radical polymerization process, typically an atom transfer radical polymerization process, in which polymerizable alkene monomers are polymerized in the presence of a halogenated polyolefin macroinitiator. The copolymer product of this process is useful in a film-forming composition that adheres strongly to polyolefinic substrates and to which non-polyolefinic film-forming compositions strongly adhere. The copolymer can be applied to a substrate in an adhesion-promoting layer or can be incorporated into a film-forming composition, such as a primer, that contains additional resinous compounds.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing hyperbranched polymers comprising heating a polymerizable reaction charge comprising (a) a monomer mixture comprising 50-99.1% by weight of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer and 0.1-50% by weight of one or more multiethylenically unsaturated monomers and (b) if at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer of the monomer mixture is not a thermally initiating monomer, a free radical polymerization initiator, to a temperature in the range from about 250° C. to about 400° C. in a continuous reactor which allows mixing of the reactor contents for a residence time of from about 2 minutes to about 60 minutes, provided that if the total amount of multiethylenically unsaturated monomer is less than 3% by weight of the monomer mixture than at least one of said one or more multiethylenically unsaturated monomers must be tri- or greater ethylenically unsaturated. The hyperbranched polymers prepared by this process are also described.

Abstract: Polymer particles are obtained by dispersion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid ester along with an organosilane compound. The polymer particles have simultaneously an excellent particle size distribution, a large particle size and a satisfactory molecular weight. A toner in which the polymer particles are used as binder resin is especially suitable for high image quality and high-density printing.

Abstract: Improved processes for atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and novel polymers have been developed and are described. In certain embodiments, novel copolymers comprising a least one polymeric branch or polymeric block with a predominantly alternating monomer sequence are described. Novel copolymers comprising a least one polymeric branch or polymeric block with a gradient monomer structure are described. Additionally, novel copolymers comprising a least one polymeric branch or polymeric block with a predominantly periodic monomer sequence are also described. Novel copolymers having a water soluble backbone and at least two hydrophobic polymeric branches grafted to the water soluble backbone are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for synthesis of polymer compositions with reduced catalyst content, wherein ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing less than 0.5 wt % of ethylenically unsaturated monomers with at least one carboxylic group, sulfonic acid group and/or at least one phosphonic acid group relative to the total weight of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized by means of initiators containing a transferable group of atoms and of one or more catalysts comprising at least one transition metal in the presence of ligands which can form a coordination compound with the metal catalyst or catalysts and, after the polymerization, the catalyst contained in the polymer is at least partly separated. For this purpose, the polymer composition is filtered, after the polymerization, in the presence of at least one filter aid which contains at least 0.

Abstract: The process for the continuous preparation of homopolymers or copolymers by free-impinging-jet micromixing of fluids formed (1) of monomer(s) and (2) of an initiator system consists in micromixing the said fluids (1) and (2) and in recovering the mixture of these fluids in the form of a resultant jet Jr, originating from the point of impingement (I), the micromixture being obtained by:

Abstract: The invention provides a resin molded article for optical products comprising a copolymer predominantly composed of methyl methacrylate and a styrenic monomer, wherein the number of foreign bodies contained in the resin molded article having a length of 210 mm, a width of 210 mm and a thickness of 3 mm as visually examined using a strain meter is about 150 or less, which is useful for a light transmitting plate employed in a liquid crystal display device because the possibility that the display screen looks whitely turbid due to the warp of the light transmitting plate, is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed are spirocyclic olefin ploymers, methods of preparing spirocyclic olefin polymers, photoresist compositions including spirocyclic olefin resin binders and methods of forming relief images using such photoresist compositions.

Abstract: A catalyst system useful to polymerize and co-polymerize polar and non-polar olefin monomers is formed by in situ reduction with a reducing agent of a catalyst precursor comprising

Abstract: A process for producing polymers of &agr;-methylstyrene uses tin IV chloride as a polymerization initiator. Use of tin IV chloride as an initiator allows polymerization to proceed without purification of the monomer prior to processing. Polymerization can be carried out at ambient temperatures with mild exotherms and good polymer yields. The process uses solvents commonly found in a plant producing &agr;-methylstyrene.

Abstract: Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylates, homopolymers or copolymers of norbornenes, and copolymers of acrylates with norbornenes, may be prepared by contacting acrylate and/or norbornene monomer reactant under polymerization conditions and in the presence of a solvent with a catalyst system consisting essentially of a Pd(II) dimer component having the formula: [(L)Pd(R)(X)]2, where L is a monodentate phosphorus or nitrogen ligand, X is an anionic group, and R is an alkyl or aryl group.

Abstract: A method of producing a polymer comprises the steps of forming a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising at least one addition polymerizable monomer, a supercritical fluid, and a stabilizer, wherein the stabilizer comprises a chain which is soluble in the supercritical fluid and functional end-group which is not polymerizable by a free-radical mechanism, and polymerizing said at least one monomer in the reaction mixture. In a preferred system for polymerizing acrylic monomers, the fluid comprises supercritical carbon dioxide and the stabilizer comprises an acid-functionalized perfluoropolyether.

Abstract: The process for the continuous preparation of homopolymers or copolymers by free-impinging-jet micromixing of fluids formed (1) of monomer(s) and (2) of an initiator system consists in micromixing the said fluids (1) and (2) and in recovering the mixture of these fluids in the form of a resultant jet Jr, originating from the point of impingement (I).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds that can serve as highly efficient initiators for controlled radical (co)polymerization processes including atom transfer radical (co)polymerization processes. These compounds include di-(trimethylolpropane)-tetra-(2-haloisobutyrate) compounds. The present invention also is directed to controlled radical (co)polymerization processes in which novel (co)polymers are prepared using the novel compounds, as well as to the novel (co)polymer products of the process.