Abstract: A polyamide and a process for preparing the polyamide are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for using low-molecular weight compounds that are water-extracted from (co)polyamides in the production of polyamide is disclosed. The process entails reacting these compounds with 10 to 15 wt. % water for a period of 3.5 to 6 hours at a temperature of 220° C. to 270° C., and polymerizing the resulting product along with caprolactam.

Abstract: The improved polyamide production method of the present invention is characterized by including a step of accurately regulating the molar balance between a diamine component and a dicarboxylic acid component to a desired balance in a batch-wise regulation tank, thereby preparing a slurry liquid substantially free from the amidation reaction. The slurry liquid thus prepared is fed to a batch-wise or continuous polymerization reactor, where the amidation reaction is proceeded to easily produce polyamide having a desired balance of the diamine component and the dicarboxylic acid component without causing a problem such as foaming, solidification, etc.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for preparing polyamides by concentrating the wash water extract from the extraction of polyamide to an extractables content of not more than 85% by weight, adding fresh lactam down to a water content of from 0.5 to 13% by weight, and effecting at least one adiabatic expansion during the polymerization.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyamide resin by reacting with at least one diamine compounds at least one linear polyester resin consisting of at least one dicarboxylic acid component and at least one diol component and having an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.2 dl/g, so that the at least one diol component of the linear polyester resin is substituted by the diamine compound, resulting in the polyamide resin as a reaction product, wherein the improvement comprises: at least one of a carboxylic acid-activator and an inorganic salt being present in a reaction system of the linear polyester resin and the diamine compound.

Abstract: (Co)polyamides, for example the polyamides 6 and 66, are prepared via the improvedly catalyzed polycondensation of (co)polyamide-forming (co)monomers, even in the presence of normally catalyst-inhibiting matting agents (e.g., microparticulate TiO2), the catalyst therefor comprising solid nanometric TiO2 particulates having diameters of less than 100 nm.

Abstract: Polyamides are produced by reacting aminocarboxylic acid compounds of the general formula I H2N—(CH2)m—COR1  (I) where R1 is OH, O—C1-12-alkyl or NR2R3, where R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-12-alkyl or C5-8-cycloalkyl, and m is an integer from 3 to 12, optionally in a mixture with aminonitriles and their hydrolysis products and optionally in the presence of water, in a liquid phase at elevated pressure and elevated temperature in the presence of metal oxides as heterogeneous catalysts, the metal oxides being used in a form which permits mechanical removal from the reaction mixture and being removed from the reaction mixture during or after the polymerization.

Abstract: In a process for producing polyamides by polymerization of lactams in the presence of metal oxides as heterogeneous catalysts, the metal oxides are used in a form which permits mechanical removal from the reaction mixture and are removed from the reaction mixture in the course of or on completion of the polymerization.

Abstract: A polyimide film that exhibits improved peel strength when clad with a metal layer is prepared by reacting a polyamic acid polymer and an esterified polyamic acid oligomer. The esterified oligomer has from two to twenty repeating units and at least two crosslinkable groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkyne, maleimide, norbornene and sulfonyl groups. The polyamic acid is dissolved in a solvent to form a polyamic acid solution, which has a minimum gel-film forming temperature, or a minimum green film forming temperature, associated therewith. The esterified polyamic acid oligomer has an imidization temperature, which is higher than the minimum gel-film forming temperature, or the minimum green film forming temperature, of the polyamic acid solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the hydrolytic polymerisation of &egr;-caprolactam to polyamide-6, comprising a step (a) in which ring opening of part of the &egr;-caprolactam to the corresponding amino caproic acid is effected in the presence of water and a step (b) in which polyaddition and polycondensation are effected under preferably anhydrous reaction conditions, in which at least one of the steps (a) and (b) is carried out in a reactor in which a self-renewing interface between the molten phase and the gas phase with a large surface/volume ratio of the molten phase is effected. The method is preferably effected in an horizontal scraped-surface reactor, since relatively strong mixing of the molten phase can be achieved in these and the molten phase is present in a thin layer, a large gas volume is present having a relatively high partial pressure of the water vapour and the thin layer is constantly renewed by shear forces.

Abstract: A process for producing glucoprotamines by condensation of N-substituted propylene diamines with 2-aminoglutaric compounds in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of aminosilicones is disclosed. Glucoprotamines produced in accordance with the disclosed process exhibit improved color quality and longer storage stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polyamide-6 by polymerization of &egr;-caprolactam with full re-use of extracted caprolactam and oligomers. The extract is not subjected to a pretreatment for reduction of the cyclic dimer content. By carrying out the polymerization in two steps, the first at an elevated pressure, but lower than the vapor pressure of the reaction mixture supplied, and the second at approximately atmospheric or reduced pressure, the cyclic dimer content of the polymerizate leaving the second polymerization step is kept at a constant level. The process offers a high degree of flexibility in terms of production capacity and composition and proportion of recycled lactam in the lactam feed for the polymerization.

Abstract: A process for forming an amide bond comprising reacting a carboxylic acid with an amine carboxylate salt, in the presence of an inorganic base.

Abstract: The batch process for producing a polyamide by reaction of a mixture comprising at least one aminonitrile, and optionally monomers useful for polyamide production, with water, comprises the following steps: (1) reacting the mixture with water at a temperature from 90 to 400° C. and a pressure from 0.1 to 35×106 Pa to obtain a reaction mixture, (2) further reacting the reaction mixture at a temperature from 150 to 400° C. and a pressure which is lower than the pressure in step 1, the temperature and pressure being selected so as to obtain a first gas phase and a first liquid or a first solid phase or a mixture of first solid and first liquid phase, and the first gas phase is separated from the first liquid or the first solid phase or from the mixture of first liquid and first solid phase, and (3) admixing the first liquid or the first solid phase or the mixture of first liquid and first solid phase with a gaseous or liquid phase comprising water at a temperature from 150 to 370° C.

Abstract: The continuous process for producing a polyamide by reacting at least one aminonitrile with water comprises the following steps: (1) reacting at least one aminonitrile with water at a temperature from 90 to 400° C. and a pressure from 0.1 to 15×106 Pa in a flow tube containing packing elements of a Brönsted acid catalyst selected from beta-zeolite, sheet-silicate or titanium dioxide packing elements and metallic packing elements to obtain a reaction mixture, (2) further reacting the reaction mixture at from 150 to 400° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treating agent for liquid crystal alignment, which is an agent for liquid crystal alignment to be used for a method in which polarized ultraviolet rays or electron rays are irradiated on a polymer thin film formed on a substrate in a predetermined direction relative to the substrate plane, and said substrate is used for aligning liquid crystal without rubbing treatment, wherein said agent for liquid crystal alignment contains a polymer compound having photochemically reactive groups in the polymer main chain and a glass transition temperature of at least 200° C.

Abstract: These prepolymers having maleimide functions (f) consist in the reaction products of at least one maleic anhydride represented by formula (I); of at least one compound (II) having at least one —NH2 function and at least another function F selected from the group consisting of —OH, —NH2, —NH—, —COOH, —COOR3 or —OOCR3; of at least one compound (III) capable of forming the chain of the prepolymers by polycondensation and/or polyaddition, said compound(s) (II) having first reacted with said maleic anhydride(s) (I) in order to open the maleic anhydride rings with formation of maleamic acid functions (f′), said maleamic acid functions having then been at least partially closed again under the action of heat into maleimides N-substituted by groups functionalized by a function F, the chain of said prepolymers having been formed by polycondensation and/or polyaddition of the N-substituted maleimide formed bearing the function F; of compound(s) (III) of uncyclized p

Abstract: An aliphatic polyester amide which is hydrolysis-resistant includes a ternary polycondensation product of monomeric constituents composed of a monomeric constituent A which is at least one diol having a general formula: HO—R1—OH, where R1 is an aliphatic residue having 2-16 carbon atoms; a monomeric constituent B which is at least one dicarboxylic acid having a general formula: HOOC—R2—COOH, where R2 is an aliphatic residue having 1-14 carbon atoms; and a monomeric constituent C which is at least one diamine having a general formula: H2N—R3—NH2, where R3 is an aliphatic residue having 2-16 carbon atoms and is present in an amount of up to about 5% by weight based on total weight of the monomeric constituents, wherein polycondensation proceeds in the presence of a catalyst comprised of constituent D, which is a metal-containing catalyst, in combination with constituent E, which is at least one of an organic phosphorus compound and an inorganic phosphorus compound, and wherei

Abstract: Disclosed is an antistatic monomer-cast nylon (MC nylon) polymer. The MC nylon polymer includes graphite particles nonuniformly distributed in an MC nylon polymer structure. The graphite particles are partially agglomerated and form a micro-domain phase. The antistatic MC nylon has volume specific resistance of about 105 &OHgr;·cm to about 109&OHgr;·cm. Also disclosed is a method of producing antistatic MC nylon. A mixture comprising a monomer of the nylon and graphite is prepared and cast in a mold. The mixture is stirred to disperse the graphite and the monomer polymerizes to form an antistatic MC polymer.

Abstract: A process for improving characteristics such as, whiteness retention, degradation, and dyeability of a polyamide by contacting the polyamide with thiocyanate. A polyamide produced by the process has improved dyed color depth, dyed color uniformity, hue, elimination of light dyeing ends, protection of dye sites from degradation, protection from UV degradation, reduced yellowing or oxidation, and/or resistance to loss of dyeability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing polyamides, in which, in a first step, the anionic polymerization of at least one lactam is carried out and then, in a second step, a heat treatment is carried out on the polymer obtained, which has a distribution of the molar masses measured by SEC having a shape close to a Gaussian curve with a high-mass tail, at a high enough temperature and for a long enough time so as to obtain a unimodal distribution of the molar masses.

Abstract: Prepolymers of Formula (I) are useful in hydrogel materials wherein M is a hydrophilic radical derived from at least one hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomer and having a molecular weight of about 500 to 5000; each R is independently selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms wherein the carbon atoms may include ether, urethane or ureido linkages therebetween; each R′ is independently selected from hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals or halogen substituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals wherein the hydrocarbon radicals have 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may include ether linkages therebetween; a is an integer equal to or greater than 1; each U is independently a divalent urethane or ureido segment; x is greater than or equal to 1, y is greater than or equal to 1; and z is greater than or equal to 1; and each E is independently a polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated radical.

Abstract: Nylon 6 chip is obtainable by hydrolytic polymerization of caprolactam in the presence of dicarboxylic acids as chain regulators, subsequent processing of the polymer melt into chip, extraction of the low molecular weight portions from the chip with water and subsequent drying of the chip.

Abstract: A polyamide resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a polyamide resin and 0.005 to 1.0 part by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a metal salt of a fatty acid, a diamide compound and a diester compound. The polyamide resin is obtained by solid phase-polymerizing a polyamide resin prepared by melt-polymerizing a diamine component containing 70 mol % or more of metaxylylenediamine and a dicarboxylic acid component containing 70 mol % or more of adipic acid, and preferably has a relative viscosity of 2.3 to 4.2 when measured at 25.degree. C. using a solution of 1 g polyamide resin in 100 ml of 96% sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyamide, a method for its manufacture and compounds containing it. It involves, specifically, a polyamide obtained through polymerization of an aminoacid or lactam such as caprolactam in the presence of a compound having at least three functions capable of generating an amide function by reacting either with an amine function or with an acid fonction. The polyamide obtained in this way has at least part of these molecular chains in a star formation, the other part being in linear form. This polymer is useful, inter alia, in the manufacture of compounds that are to be molded, since it has minimal viscosity in a melted medium while still retaining the mechanical properties of a linear polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing spherical polyamide having an average grain diameter of 100 .mu.m or less which comprises polymerizing monomers for preparing the polyamide under heating at a temperature higher than the melting points of the monomers and the polyamide while melting the monomers in a polymerization medium under stirring whereby dispersing the formed polyamide with fine particles in the polymerization medium and then cooling the resulting mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersing agent for pigments or extenders which is obtainable by salt formation from an amine-functional compound by means of an acid,wherein a polyamine which contains at least three amino groups and which is from the group comprising aliphatic linear polyamines and/or aliphatic branched polyamines and/or modified polyamines, with the proviso that after modification three amino groups which can be converted into salts are still present per molecule, or a mixture of polyamines such as these, is used as the amine-functional compound, andwherein a substance from the group comprising phosphoric acid esters of general formula: (HO).sub.3-n PO(OR.sup.1).sub.n where n=1 or 2, sulphonic acids of general formula HOSO.sub.2 R.sup.2 and acidic sulphuric acid esters of general formula HOSO.sub.3 R.sup.2 is used as the acid, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process and a device for continuous production of polyamides from a monomer starting material consisting (up to 100%) of adipic acid hexamethylene diamine and water are described. The process is characterized by completing of the first step under pressure at temperatures between 180 and 280.degree. C. in a closed reactor, after which the polyamide is subjected to further steps at the start of each of which vaporized water is removed or driven out by an inert gas.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyamide resin by reacting with at least one diamine compound, at least one linear polyester resin consisting of at least one dicarboxylic acid component and at least one diol component and having an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.2 dl/g, the at least one diamine compound being used in an amount of 0.5-1.5 mol per 1 mol of the at least one linear polyester resin as calculated in the repeating unit thereof, the linear polyester resin and the diamine compound being reacted in a reaction medium comprising at least one solvent selected from aprotic protophobic polar solvents, so that the at least one diol component of the linear polyester resin is substituted by the diamine compound, resulting in the polyamide resin as a reaction product.

Abstract: A novel compound of N-substituted aromatic polyamide is prepared by introducing an aralkyl group to the N-position of an aromatic polyamide by metalizing the aromatic polyamide, then reacting the metalized polyamide with an aralkyl halide.

Abstract: A two-step process for the production of polyamides from .alpha.,.omega.-dinitriles and .alpha.,.omega.-diamines involving the catalytic hydrolysis of the .alpha.,.omega.-dinitrile by addition of water with simultaneous purging of the reactor (i.e., venting of ammonia and water vapor) in the first step followed by polymerization by addition of the .alpha.,.omega.-diamine to the hydrolysate in the second step. Such a process is particularly useful in the production of poly(hexamethylene adipamide), i.e., nylon 6,6, from adiponitrile and hexamethylene diamine using lower catalyst levels during hydrolysis and resulting in reduced levels of bis(hexamethylene)triamine, BHMT, in the polymer.

Abstract: A process for the hydrolysis of a dinitrile (e.g., adiponitrile) utilizing from 0.1 to 500 mmoles of catalyst (e.g., a mixture of phosphorous acid and calcium hypophosphite) per mole of the dinitrile and in the presence of from 0.01 to 0.5 moles of a dicarboxylic acid cocatalyst (e.g., adipic acid) followed by addition of a diamine (e.g., hexamethylenediamine) and heating to produce polymerization. Such a process is particularly useful in the production of nylon 6,6 having a low BHMT content and improved melt stability.

Abstract: A process for the hydrolysis of a dinitrile (e.g., adiponitrile) utilizing a dicarboxylic acid (e.g., adipic acid) as the sole catalyst followed by addition of a diamine (e.g., hexamethylenediamine) and heating to produce polymerization. Such a process is particularly usefull in the production of nylon 6,6 having a low BHMT content and improved melt stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of polyamide polymers via prepolymer formation in a reactor system comprising a reactor, flasher and separator, crystallization of the prepolymer under controlled temperature conditions and the subsequent conversion of these crystallized prepolymers to high molecular weight polymer.

Abstract: A method of forming a polyamide from a corresponding nylon salt material comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising a nylon salt and carbon dioxide; and then condensing the nylon salt in the carbon dioxide to form a polyamide and water. A method of forming a polyamide comprises providing a reaction mixture containing at least one lactam monomer and carbon dioxide; and then polymerizing the lactam monomer in the carbon dioxide to form a polyamide.

Abstract: A method for the production and use of a catalytically-acting liquid system is offered, which has no or only a small proportion of free lactam, and which is of low viscosity and good storage stability and which directly initiates the anionic lactam polymerization.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition that includes a polyetherimide resin and a phosphorus-containing stabilizer that exhibits a low volatility. The thermoplastic resin composition exhibits improved melt stability and improved resistance to thermal degradation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing shaped parts by polymerization of lactams in a mold includes the steps of providing a melt consisting of at least one catalyst, at least one activator, and amino-terminated polyethers in a mold and providing as the catalyst a 17% by weight solution of sodium lactamate in an amount of 1.0 weight-% to 3.8 weight-%.

Abstract: Polyimide precursor solutions comprise an organic liquid and the reaction product of an aromatic dianhydride and an aromatic diaminobenzoxazole capped, on at least one terminal end, with a bifunctional chain extender. The bifunctional chain extender has one functional group reactive with the amine of the aromatic diaminobenzoxazole or the anhydride of the aromatic dianhydride and another functional group which does not form amic acid linkages, but which is capable of further reaction to increase the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor under conditions other than those used to react the aromatic diamine and aromatic dianhydride to form the polyimide precursor. These polyimide precursors can be converted into polyimidebenzoxazole polymers.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of continuously producing a polyether-ester amide elastomer, which is adapted for mass production and reducing manufacturing cost, includes the steps of melting a poly (tetra methylene ether) glycol reactant, a .epsilon.-caprolactam reactant and an adipic acid reactant, pre-polymerizing the melted reactants by esterification and ring-opening reaction to form a pre-polymer and highly polymerizing the pre-polymer to form the polyether-ester amide elastomer. The polyether-ester amide elastomer is specifically used as a raw ingredient for producing a polyether-ester amide elastic fiber by drying the polyether-ester amide elastomer in a drying device, extruding the dried polyether-ester amide elastomer by an extruder, and molten spinning the extruded polyether-ester amide elastomer to form the polyether-ester amide elastic fiber.

Abstract: A method for making polyesterimide varnishes by polycondensing and imidat a mixture of trimellitic anhydride, 4,4'-diamino-diphenyl methane, glycol, dimethyl terephthalate and glycerol or tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate or optionally p,p'-dihydroxy-diphenyl-dimethyl methane, with a transesterification catalyst added, and subsequently dissolving the resulting polyesterimide resin in an organic solvent with a crosslinking catalyst added, characterized by the feature that 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and/or 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol is used as the glycol or as one of the glycols.

Abstract: A process for producing composite materials which can be thermally postformed, with a matrix of polylactam produced by means of activated anionic polymerization is offered.

Abstract: A liquid system for executing the anionic lactam polymerization is proposed, which contains activator as well as catalyst and selectively additives and which is liquid at room temperature and remains stable when stored.

Abstract: The process for single-stage postcondensation of a polycondensate in a fluidized bed reactor (1) includes feeding the polycondensate through the fluidized bed reactor (1); circulating a main stream of nitrogen carrier gas through the fluidized bed reactor; withdrawing a fractional stream at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 230.degree. C. from the main stream of the nitrogen carrier gas; passing the fractional stream through a water-filled gas scrubber column (15) so as to form a conditioned stream of the nitrogen carrier gas with a predetermined dew point between 10.degree. to 80.degree. C.; and returning the conditioned stream to the main stream. In preferred embodiments the polycondensate is allowed to cool during a cool-down stage at an end of the postcondensation and the withdrawal of the fractional stream from the main stream is halted, but the circulating of the main stream through the fluidized bed reactor is continued during the cool-down stage.

Abstract: A para-oriented polyamide porous film comprising a fibril having a diameter of not more than 1.mu., with fibrils planarly arranged as a network or nonwoven fabric and laminated in a layer, the thermal linear expansion coefficient at 200.degree.-300.degree. C. within .+-.50.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. and 30-95% vacant spaces. Also, a battery separator using the porous film. Also, a production process of: (a) forming a film-like material from a solution containing 1-10% of a para-oriented aromatic polyamide having an inherent viscosity of 1.0-2.8 dl/g and 1-10% of a chloride of an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal in a polar amide or polar urea solvent; (b) maintaining the film-like material at not less than 20.degree. C. and not more than -5.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyamide resin by reacting 1 mol of linear polyester resin (as calculated in repeating unit of the linear polyester resin) consisting of at least one dicarboxylic acid component and at least one diol component and having an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.2 dl/g with 0.5-1.5 mol of at least one diamine compound in a reaction medium comprising at least one solvent which is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers and acetals, so that the diol component of the linear polyester resin is substituted by the diamine compound to provide the polyamide resin as a reaction product.

Abstract: An adhesive resin composition comprising a polycarbodiimde resin and a bisalkenyl-substituted nadimide and an adhesive sheet using the resin composition.The adhesive resin composition can adhere in a short time even at low temperature, has a high heat resistance, has a low hygroscopic property, and is hard to cause package crackings, etc.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a polyamide by polymerizing a diacid and a diamine, aminocarboxylic acid or lactam in the presence of excess of either acid or amine such that the ratio of acid to amine end groups or the ratio of amine end groups to acidend groups in the polymer is at least 2.0:1.0.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides, a bis-o-aminophenol or a bis-o-aminothiophenol is reacted with a dicarboxylic acid derivative with the following structure:M--CO--R*--CO--Mwhere M stands for the residue of an (optionally substituted) 2-hydroxybenzoxazole, 2-hydroxybenzothiazole, or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole or of corresponding mercapto compounds and R* is the parent body of the dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thermoplastic polyamides and to thermoplastic elastomers based on polyamide with improved thermomechanical performance. They are obtained by grafting along the polymer chain with alkoxysilanes having at least one unsaturation, and especially vinyltrialkoxysilanes of formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--Si--(OR).sub.3 where R represents an alkyl or an alkoxy-substituted alkyl group. The weight ratio of the silane to polyamide in the grafted polymer is generally between 0.1 and 5%. These grafted polyamides may be crosslinked by hydrolysis in steam at 100.degree. C. or by contact with water. The grafted and optionally crosslinked polyamides may be used for producing molded or extruded articles, such as tubes, jackets, single-layer and multilayer films and complex parts, and powder for coating substrates.